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The document explains the concepts of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is a scalar quantity representing the total path length, while displacement is a vector quantity indicating the straight-line distance with direction. Speed is the rate of distance covered, whereas velocity considers direction, and acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity.

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Fhrixs Reynald Ramos
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2 views

science

The document explains the concepts of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is a scalar quantity representing the total path length, while displacement is a vector quantity indicating the straight-line distance with direction. Speed is the rate of distance covered, whereas velocity considers direction, and acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity.

Uploaded by

Fhrixs Reynald Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fhrixs Reynald M.

Ramos
Gr7 ST. John the Evangalist

1. Distance:
 Definition: Distance refers to the total path length traveled by an object,
irrespective of direction.
 Nature: Scalar quantity (it only has magnitude, no direction).
 Characteristics:
o It is always positive or zero.
o It cannot decrease, even if the object moves back along its path.
2. Displacement:
 Definition: Displacement refers to the straight-line distance between the
starting and ending points of an object's motion, along with the direction.
 Nature: Vector quantity (it has both magnitude and direction).
 Characteristics:
o Displacement can be positive, negative, or zero.
o If the object returns to its starting point, the displacement is zero.
Examples:
Example 1:
An object moves 5 meters east, then 5 meters west.
 Distance: The total distance traveled is the sum of the path lengths, so it
would be 5 meters + 5 meters = 10 meters.
 Displacement: Since the object returns to its original position, the
displacement is 0 meters (the starting and ending points are the same).
Example 2:
An object moves 4 meters north, then 3 meters east.
 Distance: The total distance traveled is 4 meters + 3 meters = 7 meters.
 Displacement: To find the displacement, we use the Pythagorean theorem
(since the path forms a right triangle):
 Example 3:
A person walks 3 meters north, then turns around and walks 3 meters south.
 Distance: The total distance is 3 meters + 3 meters = 6 meters.
 Displacement: Since the person ends up at the starting point, the
displacement is 0 meters.
Key Takeaways:
 Distance is the total length of the path, regardless of direction, while
displacement is the shortest straight-line distance between the starting and
ending points, with direction considered.
 Distance is always equal to or greater than the magnitude of displacement.
1. Speed:
 Definition: Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance. It tells you
how fast something is moving, regardless of direction.
 Nature: Scalar quantity (only has magnitude, no direction).
 Formula:
Speed=Time
Distance
where distance is the total path length traveled and time is the duration of travel.
 Units: meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h).
 Example: If a car travels 100 meters in 20 seconds, its speed is:
Speed=100m=5m/s.
20s
2. Velocity:
 Definition: Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its displacement.
Unlike speed, it considers both the magnitude and the direction of the
motion.
 Nature: Vector quantity (has both magnitude and direction).
 Formula:
Velocity=Displacement
Time
where displacement is the straight-line distance from the starting point to the
ending point, in a specific direction.
 Units: meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h).
 Example: A car moves 100 meters east in 20 seconds. The displacement is
100 meters east, so:
Velocity=100m east=5m/s east.
20s
3. Acceleration:
 Definition: Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes
with time. It can represent an increase or decrease in speed, or a change in
direction.
 Nature: Vector quantity (has both magnitude and direction).
 Form
 Acceleration= Change in velocity = vf-vi
 Time taken for the change t
o vf is the final velocity.
o vi is the initial velocity.
o t is the time taken for the change in velocity.
 Units: meters per second squared (m/s²).
 Types of Acceleration:
o Positive acceleration: When an object speeds up.
o Negative acceleration (deceleration): When an object slows down.
o Centripetal acceleration: When an object changes direction while
maintaining constant speed (e.g., in circular motion).
 Example 1 (Positive acceleration): A car starts from rest and reaches 20 m/s
in 5 seconds. The acceleration is:
 Acceleration=20m/s−0m/s=4m/s2.
 5s
 Example 2 (Negative acceleration): A car moving at 20 m/s slows down to a
stop (0 m/s) in 5 seconds. The acceleration (deceleration) is:
Acceleration=0m/s−20m/s=−4m/s2.
5s

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