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Transformer_vs_MOE

The document compares Transformers and Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures, highlighting their key components, advantages, and differences. Transformers utilize self-attention and positional encoding for efficient sequential data processing, while MoE dynamically selects specialized sub-models for improved computational efficiency. Recent innovations, such as Switch Transformers, integrate MoE within Transformers to enhance performance and scalability in AI models.

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S R Saini
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34 views7 pages

Transformer_vs_MOE

The document compares Transformers and Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures, highlighting their key components, advantages, and differences. Transformers utilize self-attention and positional encoding for efficient sequential data processing, while MoE dynamically selects specialized sub-models for improved computational efficiency. Recent innovations, such as Switch Transformers, integrate MoE within Transformers to enhance performance and scalability in AI models.

Uploaded by

S R Saini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformers vs MoE

Transformers Mixture of Experts

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Positional Embedding Positional Embedding

Decoder Decoder
Block Block

Layer Norm Layer Norm

Masked Self Attention Masked Self Attention

+ +

Layer Norm Layer Norm

Router

Feed
Forward
Network
+

+ +

Decoder Block * N Decoder Block * N

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
What is a Transformer?

The Transformer architecture, introduced in the paper


"Attention is All You Need" (Vaswani et al., 2017), is a
deep learning model that relies on the self-attention
mechanism and positional encoding to process
sequential data efficiently.

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

+ + + +

Positional Embedding

Decoder
Block

Layer Norm

Masked Self Attention

Layer Norm

Feed
Forward
Network

Decoder Block * N

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Key Components

Self-Attention Mechanism: Enables the model to


weigh the importance of different words in a
sequence relative to one another.

Multi-Head Attention: Improves the ability to


capture different contextual dependencies.

Feedforward Layers: Applies transformations to


each token independently after attention
computation.

Positional Encoding: Injects order information


into the model since Transformers do not have
inherent sequential bias.

Layer Normalization and Residual Connections:


Ensure stable training and deeper architectures.
Advantages of Transformers

Parallelization: Unlike recurrent models (RNNs,


LSTMs), Transformers process sequences in
parallel, leading to efficient training.

Scalability: Can handle large datasets effectively


(e.g., GPT, BERT, T5).

State-of-the-art Performance: Achieves


superior results in NLP, vision, and multimodal
tasks.
What is MoE?
Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a neural network
architecture that dynamically selects a subset of
specialized sub-models ("experts") to process
each input. This approach improves efficiency by
activating only relevant experts rather than using
the full model for every input.

Key Components
Experts: Individual neural network sub-models,
each trained to specialize in a particular subset of
data.

Gating Network: A trainable component that


determines which experts to activate for a given
input.

Sparse Activation: Unlike Transformers, which


fully activate all layers, MoE selectively activates
only a few experts per inference step, leading to
computational efficiency.
Transformer vs. MoE: Key Differences

Recent architectures like Switch Transformers (Fedus et al., 2021)


integrate MoE within Transformer layers, allowing large-scale training
with significantly reduced computation. Key innovations include:

Sparse Gated Layers within Transformers, replacing dense


feedforward layers.

Load balancing mechanisms to ensure fair expert usage.

Improved training stability using routing strategies.

This hybrid approach combines the best of both worlds: the


expressive power of Transformers and the efficiency of MoE.
Use Cases

Both Transformers and Mixture of Experts have


their strengths and trade-offs. While Transformers
are powerful in handling sequential data and offer
parallel computation, MoE provides a scalable
approach by distributing computation across
specialized experts.

The combination of these two architectures, as


seen in Switch Transformers and GLaM, is paving
the way for even more efficient and powerful AI
models.

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