transbay transit centre

NET CASE STUDY

LOCATION
• Location: San Francisco, California
•  The existing terminal was an underuti-
lized and outdated depot in downtown
San Francisco.
•  The new transbay terminal is an essen-
tial part of a strategy to solve these prob-
lems by providing efficiently linked and
greatly expanded bus and rail capacity,
more convenient access to transit, a new
celebratory building that is delightful and
easy to use, and a new gateway to and
from San Francisco.
• The main reasons for building a new
Transbay Transit Center include:
a) Alleviating traffic congestion
downtown by encouraging the use
of public transit.
b) Provide a safe/essential commu-
nity facility where community groups
can hold meetings.

DESIGN AND PLANNING

TRAIN LVL -30’:
• Subterranean level that accommodates the underground downtown extension of Cal-
train , and future East Bay commuter rail and other convention rail and high speed
intercity rail services.

LOWER CONCOURSE LVL -15’:

• The first subterranean level of the Transit Center will house janitorial and maintenance
facilities and other back of house spaces such as mechanical, electrical, plumbing,
communications equipment rooms, storage, and back of house vehicle ramps con-
necting from street level. The rest of the lower concourse, which will contain rail tick-
eting, passenger waiting space, up to 60,000 square feet of commercial space, and
PEAK HOURS FOOT FALL support areas for rail service.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
transbay transit centre
NET CASE STUDY
STREET LVL +1’:
• Includes lobby for train ticketing, waiting, and baggage handling,also providing ac-
cessdown to the trains and up to the buses.

VIEW FROM MINA STREET

SECOND LVL +20’:

• Accessed by the great piazza stair or escalators and elevators in the Concourse Lev-
el provides a safe pedestrian environment from which bus riders can ascend to their
buses on third and fourth levels. An array of convenient ticketing, dining, and shop-
ping opportunities surrounds the broad public walkway in 150,000 to 225,000 sq ft of

ATRIUM AT STREET AND SECOND LEVEL

BUS DECK LVL +20’:

• The third floor (known as the bus deck) will be dedicated to transit agency bus op-
erations, as well as temporary use by Greyhound and Amtrak bus service. The bus
deck will connect to an elevated exterior bus ramp that will connect bus traffic to the
San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and to an off-site bus storage facility located at
ground level under Interstate 80 to the west of the bus ramp.
• 26 articulated and 4 standard buses to serve arriving and departing passengers si-
multaneously. Peak load of 25,000 passengers per hour. Includes protected passen-
ger waiting areas and circulation to the Upper Bus Level.
BUS RAMP LEADING TO THE HIGHWAY

BUS CIRCULATION

ROOF GARDEN LVL +20’:

• Multifunctional space providing respite, activity, & education for transit users & local
residents alike. It is integrally designed with the building in order to achieve expan- STEPPED PARKING BAYS
sive areas of soil to support large, healthy trees shrubs, & to seamlessly tie into the
architectural sustainability programs.

STEPPED PARKING BAYS ARE PROVIDED

DUE TO SPACE CONSTRAINS

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
 STRUCTURE
transbay transit centre
NET CASE STUDY
FACADE
Perforated aluminum facade. Shedding the
glass facade in favor of aluminum is ex-
pected to save project around SIO million
vertical circulation & also make it safe in case ofa terrorist at-
tack. Architects ensure the altered exterior
will still maintain its transparency and ener-
gy efficient strategy for this high-speed rail
station and urban park.

TRANSFER GIRDER
At the midspan, each 8-ft-deep girder web
is thickened by a vertical hanger plate to
support the second-floor bus deck below.
The hanger plate is welded to the web and
slots through the girder’s bottom flange.

• Street-level access:
The terminal has street-level
access, making it easily acces-
sible to pedestrians and cy-
clists. This encourages the use
of sustainable transportation
modes and helps to reduce
congestion. LIGHT COLUMN
About one third of those unique node ge-
• Public space: ometries were required for the building’s
The terminal was designed with 150-foot light column - a design element
public space in mind, offering that will bring natural light into all levels
seating and gathering areas for of the project. In the construction photo
passengers. This encourages above, you can see a steel ring made from
social interaction and a sense cast steel nodes that have been welded
of community within the termi- together to form the heaviest loaded ring in
nal and the surrounding area. the light column.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
ARNHEMCENTRALTERMINAL
NET CASE STUDY
LOCATION
• Location: Arnhem, Netherlands
• The terminal is situated in a central and
easily accessible location, close to ma-
jor roads and highways, as well as to the
city’s central business district.
• The surrounding area is a mix of residen-
tial and commercial developments, with
shops, restaurants, and other amenities
located within walking distance of the
terminal.
• The location and surroundings of the
Arnhem CTR make it an ideal hub for
transportation.

• The terminal’s design and construction were been intended to create an iconic struc-
ture that serves as a symbol of the city’s progressive approach to transportation and
urban development.
• The local bus stand is at the open end such that it is quickly accessed from either side easily.
The inter-city bus stand is inside the building so that ammenities like seating area,toilets etc
are provided.
• Both the bus stands are connected to the
railway stations through the terminal build-
ing, where the concourse is a subway leading
to the individual train platforms.
• The feeder modes are accessed at the next
level alongside the office building entries.
• The cyclists also have a separate lane which
improve all aspects of multi modal transport.

• The terminal’s integration of the railway

station and bus terminal into the same
building helps to simplify the process of
transferring between different modes of
transportation, reducing the amount of
time and effort required for passengers.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
ARNHEMCENTRALTERMINAL
NET CASE STUDY
floor plans

BASEMENT +17.4 NAP BASEMENT +20.4 NAP GROUND FLOOR +24.5 NAP
The basement level of the terminal acco- Here the concourse starts and the passeb- The bus stands are present at the grade
modates car and bicycle parking.The entry nger access for the car and bicycle levelwhile they are connected to the rail-
ramp for the car parking is from the south parking is provided through this level. way platforms through the railway con-
side, while for the bicycle it is from the Throughout the terminal the level changes course,which is seperated by paid ticket-
north side,adjasant to the local bus stand. gradually as sloped surfaces leading to a ing barriers.
barrier free design.

FIRST FLOOR +36.5 NAP

The feeder mode cabs are connected at
this level,which is entered from the south
alongside the parking ramp.Other vehi-
cles also use this way to access the office
building entries.A seperate pedestrian
ramp runs towards the northern entry point
,which acts the pedestrian exit.

The following floors belong to the office

spaces,which is entered at this level.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
ARNHEMCENTRALTERMINAL
NET CASE STUDY
vehicularandpedestrian
circulation
concept
The Klein Bottle is a doubled-up, four- di-
mensional Möbius loop. By adapting this
imaginary mathematical visualization to the
design of the transfer hall, we Could con-
nect inside-outside elements such as the
platform access and first-floor terrace bal-
cony.

ESCALATORS LEADING TO FIRST FLOOR LOCAL BUS STAND AT THE OPEN END. ENTRY AND EXIT RAMP FOR BASEMENT
PEDESTRIAN EXIT,WHERE THE FEEDER CAR PARKING, ON THE RIGHT.
MODES ARE BOARDED.

STRUCTURE
• The Transfer Hall terminal accentuated by its fluid and curvilinear internal structure,
the 21,750 sqm terminal space features a distinctive, twisting roof form, which grant-
ed column-free spans up to 60m.
• The structure of the roof and twisting column was only made possible by abandoning
traditional construction methods and materials; much lighter steel replaced concrete
originally intended for the station – and was constructed using boat building tech-
niques on a scale never before attempted.
INTERIOR OF THE TERMINAL SHOWING • The V-Walls form the principal load-bearing constructive element. The angled struc-
THE FRONT TWIST. ture of the V walls absorbs the differences in grids between the stacked programs.
These slanted elongated walls replace traditional columns and bring daylight and
natural ventilation to the underground levels.

inference
• The station is not just a transit hub but a multifunctional space that integrates various-
programs, including car and bicycle parking, retail spaces, and offices, creating a
holistic urban environment.
• Commuters entering this area encounter retail shops, contributingsignificantly to the
success of these businesses.
PEDESTRIAN EXIT AT THE FIRST FLOOR • The layout facilitates seamless circulation, and the overall structure serves as an ef-
LEVEL.THE FEEDER MODE CABS ARE fective wayfinding tool, directing commuters to various transportation modes.
BOARDED HERE.AT THE LEFT SIDE IS • The Arnhem Transfer Station serves as a catalyst for urban renewal and economic
THE OFFICE BUILDING WHICH SHARES growth, attracting higher-end retailers and tourists while preserving the city’s cultural
ITS ENTRY WITH THE TERMINAL EXIT. and architectural identity.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
 kohinoor square
NET CASE STUDY SITE PLAN
location
• Location: Mumbai,
• India Type: Mixed use building
• Architect: SSA Architects
• Height: 203 m
• Floor: 52 stories, 32 stories
• Highrise
• Floor area: (255,000 sq.m)
• GREEN LEED rated building.
• Lifts / Elevators - 40 for main building
• The site is located at Dadar, a suburb of
Mumbai.
• The site is in commercial hub Surround-
ed by various high end national and in-
ternational offices and luxurious apart-
ments.
• It is the tallest structure in vicinity. The
famous Shivaji Park is at 5mins walk from
the site.
• It is a semi-twin Mixed-use skyscraper in Mumbai.
• The main skyscraper is about 52 floors 203 meters and the residential skyscraper is
about 35 floors 142 meters.
• The first five floors of main building are used for a high-end shopping mall and re-
maining 47 floors of the main building is utilized for a commercial office and five- star
hotel.
• The first 13 floors of the residential building are used as a parking garage for both
the buildings and the remaining 19 floors is residences.

CIRCULATION CORE
• Central core (office tower) consists of 3 Lobbies of 6
lifts serving levels 25th to 39th.
• Spaces between the lifts where the lift lobby is not
provided are used as toilets with ducts at either side.
• 2 Lifts from this pack of 6 are accessible to lower
floors as well.
• 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1st to 24th.
• 2 service lifts travel throughout the building.
• 2 staircases are also placed in the core.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
kohinoor square
NET CASE STUDY

• Retail store = 1150 sq.m

• Food court = 1150 sq.m
• Energy = 236 sq.m
• Offices = 715. 9 sq.m
• Terrace = 715. 9 sq.m
• Parking = 3627. 6 sq.m
• Male washroom = 21 sq.m
• Female washroom = 21 sq.m

• The first five floors of the main building

are used for a high-end shopping mall
and the remaining 47 floors of the main
building is utilized for a commercial offic-
es and five star hotel.
• The main building is crowned by five-star
hotel on top 5 floor.
• The first 13 floors of the residential build-
ing are used as a parking garage for
both the buildings and the remaining 19
floors is residences.
• Parking provided for about 2000 cars
with super-efficient driveways and per-
sonalized access controls.

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE
kohinoor square
NET CASE STUDY
STRUCTURE
• The structure comprises a concrete core
& Post Tensioned Slab and Spandrel
beams.
• The average center to center between
columns is 9.5m.
• The column is 1.8 m X 1.8 m.
• The tube system concept is based on
the idea that a building can be designed
to resist lateral loads.
• This assembly of columns and Beams
forms a rigid frame that amounts to
dense and strong structural wall along
the exterior of the building.

• The combined Pile raft foundation system is used.

• It is a geotechnical composite construction that combines the bearing effect of both
foundation elements raft and piles.
• The pile raft foundation system has recently been used in high rise buildings.

SUSTAINABILITY INFERENCE
• Different entries for all the verticals.
• 15 double height landscaped sky gardens and more than a dozen height terraces, to
• Environmentally friendly technologies
act as tranquil and refreshing breakout zones.
used such as grey water systems and
• Low flow faucets, dual flush toilets, grey water systems and storm water & rain water
storm water & rain water management
management systems — all the parts of our commitment to the environment.
systems, rain water harvesting.
1. Rain water collection • Central core provides easy access to the
2. Sky Gardens spaces inside the building.
3. High performance • Toilet and electrical ducts are placed
facade along with teh central circulation core.
4. High efficiency Ven- • Sky lobby concept for reducing the time
tilation System to travel to different floors.
5. Daylight harvesting • Double skin facade system leading to
and Dimming control energy saving and incorporating natural
6. Black and Grey wa- light inside the building and providing
ter reuse great views from inside the building.
7. Environmentally Pref- • Multi-level parking, parking above the
erable material ground.
8. Green roof • Refuge areas provided as per the norms.
9. Energy center
10. Native adapted
landscape
11. Onsite Waste water
Treatment
12. Recyclable sorting
and Collection
13. Natural Ventilation

MULTI-MODALTRANSITHUB
AKSHAY NATESAN A S
311320251009
MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE