Revision of tenses, first year.

Present Indefinite ( Simple)

statement: I/You/We/They travel... He/She/It travels...
negative: I/You/We/They don't travel... He/She/It doesn't travel...
question: Do l/you/we/they travel... ? Does he/she/it travel... ?

Use Example

Current habits Toby walks to work.

To talk about how often things happen Angela doesn't visit us very often.
Permanent situations Carlo works in a travel agent's.
States Do you have an up-to-date passport?
General truths and facts Poland is in the European Union.

We can also use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis.

'You don't like going by bus, do you?' 'Actually, I do like going by bus for short distances.' The bus isn't quicker than
the train, but it does stop right outside the factory.

Present Continuous

statement: I am driving... You/We/They are driving... He/She/It is driving...

negative: I'm not driving... You/We/They aren't driving... or You're/We're/They're not driving...
He/She/It isn't driving... or He's/She's/It's not driving...
question: Am I driving... ? Are you/we/they driving... ? Is he/she/it driving... ?

Use Example

Actions happening now Mike is driving to work at the moment.

Temporary series of actions Taxi drivers aren't stopping at the train station because of the roadworks.

Temporary situations Are they staying in a hotel near the Olympic stadium?

Changing and developing situations Holidays abroad are becoming increasingly popular.

Annoying habits (usually with Dad is always cleaning the car when I want to use it!
always)

The following is the list of most commonly used stative verbs:

a) verbs denoting physical perceptions; to hear, to notice, to see;
b) verbs denoting emotions: to adore, to care for, to detest, to dislike, to hate, to like, to love, to respect;
c) verbs denoting wish: to desire, to want, to wish;
d) verbs denoting mental processes: to admire (=to be of high opinion), to appreciate, to assume, to believe (=to
consider), to consider (=to regard), to doubt, to expect (=to suppose), to feel (=to consider), to imagine, to know, to
mind (=to object), to perceive, to presume, to recall, to recognize, to recollect, to regard, to remember, to suppose, to
think (=to consider), to trust, to understand;
e) relational verbs: to apply, to be, to belong, to concern, to consist, to contain, to depend, to deserve, to differ, to equal,
to fit-, to have; to hold (=to contain), to include, to involve, to lack, to matter, to need, to owe, to own, to possess, to
remain, to require, to resemble, to result, to signify, to suffice;
f) some other verbs: to agree,- to allow, to appear (=to seem), to astonish, to claim, to consent, to displease, to envy, to
fail to do, to feel (intr) to find, to forbid, to forgive, to intend, to interest, to keep doing, to manage to do, to mean, to
object, to please, to prefer, to prevent, to puzzle, to realize, to refuse, to remind, to satisfy, to seem, to smell (intr) to
sound (intr) , to succeed, to suit, to surprise, to taste (intr) , to end, to value, to cost.

1. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.

A. 1. Where (be) Mary? — She (be) in the kitchen. — What she (do) there? - She (cook) dinner. — She always (cook)
it for the family? — As a rule, she (do) 2. What they (discuss) now? — They (speak) about their exams. 3. What Mike
(do)? — He (translate) an article from Russian into English. — He (know) English well? — Yes, he (do). 4. He often
(walk) to the plant? — No, he usually (go) by bus. 5. Where's Peter? — He (have) his English lesson. — He always
(have) it at this time? — Twice a week. 6. Mike (speak, not) Spanish. He (know) Polish. 7. Don't go into the classroom!
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Revision of tenses, first year.
The students (write) a dictation there. 8. Shhh. The baby (sleep). The baby (sleep) for ten hours every night. 9. Right
now I'm in class. I (sit) at my desk. I usually (sit) at the same desk in class every day. 10. Ali (speak) Arabic. Arabic is
his native language, but right now he (speak) English. 11. Can you hear those people? What they (talk about)? 12. What
your father (do)? — He's a teacher. 13. My parents (live) in Bristol. Where your parents (live)? 14. Where you (go)? —
To the library. — You often (go) to the library? — Twice a week. 15. Our teacher (stand, not) right now. She (sit) at her
desk. 16. It's 6 p.m. Mary is at home. She (eat) dinner. She always (eat) dinner with her family around six o'clock. 17.
Alice (take, not) the bus to school every day. She usually (walk) instead.
B. 1. It's 7.30 a.m. and the Wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs Wilson (sit) at the breakfast table. She (read) the morning
paper. She (read) the morning paper every morning. Mr Wilson (pour) a cup of coffee. He (drink) two cups of coffee
every morning before he (go) to work. There is a cartoon on TV, but the children (watch, not) it. They (play) with their
toys, instead. They usually (watch) cartoons in the morning, but this morning they (pay, not) any attention to the TV.
Mrs Wilson (watch, not) TV either. She (like, not) to watch cartoons.
At 8.15 Mr Wilson (leave) home for work. Mrs Wilson (go, not) to work. She (stay) at home. She (do) the housework
and (look) after the children.
2. — Where Mr Jackson (be) from?
— He (be) from Glasgow.
— What he (do)?
— He (be) an engineer.
— What he (do) in our town?
— He (be) on business here.
— When he (leave)?
— Tomorrow morning.
3. Harry: Hello, Steve. This is Harry speaking. I (phone) from the office. I know it's late, but I (work) now.
Steve: It's almost 10 o'clock. You never (stay) so late! What's wrong?
Harry: I (have) difficulty with the article on the rail strike.
Steve: But you seldom (have) difficulty with the articles. You always (finish) them quickly.
Harry: Steve, what you (do) now? You (watch) television at the moment?
Steve: No, but we are still up. Jill (prepare) lessons for tomorrow and I (get) ready for bed. But come over, Harry!
C. 1. Mr Smith (teach) us at present. He (substitute) for Mr Reese, who (be) our regular teacher. 2. "I (go) to visit Peter
tonight. He (leave) tomorrow morning." - "He (come) back the same day?" - "I (not/know)." 3. John often (stay) in a
hotel when he (come) to town, but tonight he (stay) with us. 4. The fourth class always (meet) on the 18th floor, but our
class (meet) on the 17th floor. However, since they (paint) our regular classroom now, we (go) to meet in the club-room
today. 5. "Nick (leave) today." - "What train he (take) for his journey?" - "He (catch) the 5.50 train." 6. The mechanic
(repair) my car today. So I have to go to work by the underground. 7. "You (write) him tonight?" - "Yes, I always
(write) him on his birthday. You (want) to send any message?" - "Certainly." 8. John (say) he (leave) for Chicago on the
fifteenth. 9. I (go) to the seaside for my holiday. 10. My brother (come) to see me next week.11. Whenever I (call) at the
Smiths' home, they (play) cards. I really (think) they (play) every night. 12. Jack (make) at least ten spelling errors at
every lesson.
13. A: Where (be) Andrew?
B: He (smoke) on the terrace.
A: I (think) he (smoke) too much.
B: Yes, he (be) a chain-smoker.
14. “ What (be) this music?” - It (be) Ann. She (play) the piano.
15. - You (come) with us?
- I'd love to come. Where you (go)?"
- We (drive) to the Lake District.
- You (take) the children along?
- No, we (leave) them with our parents.
- You (mind) if I (bring) my dog?
- No.
16.- Mike (come) tonight? - No, he (work) hard at present.
- What he (do)? - He (read up) for his examinations.
- But it (be) Saturday. I (be) sure he (not/go) to take his examination on Sunday.
- No, but he (say) he (meet) his girl-friend on Sunday, and the examination (be) on Monday, so he (have) only tonight
for his studies.

2. Translate into English.

A. 1. Как правило, мой отец встает в 8 часов. 2. Я всегда отдыхаю после ужина. 3. Где Виктор? - Он обедает. 4.
Мой брат знает английский и сможет помочь тебе. Позвони ему сейчас. Я думаю, что он еще не спит. 5. Что
делает Роберт? - Он играет в теннис. - Он хорошо играет в теннис? - Не очень. 6. Как часто ты видишь свою
сестру? - Два-три раза в месяц. 7. Мария сейчас в библиотеке. Она пишет статью. Она работает в библиотеке

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Revision of tenses, first year.
каждый день. 8. Где ты бываешь по вечерам? - Я часто хожу на занятия в институт. 9. По чему ты так часто
опаздываешь? - Я не люблю рано вставать. 10. Дети обедают? - Нет, они играют в футбол. 11. Что ты делаешь
сейчас? - Слушаю радио. Я всегда слушаю последние известия по утрам. 12. Мы часто ходим в театр. - Мы
тоже. 13. Интересно, чем он сейчас занимается. - Думаю, что читает. 14. Пит не играет в шахматы. - Ник тоже.
15. Она обычно на работе в 10 утра, но сегодня она дома. 16. Как часто ты встречаешь Виктора? - Каждую
неделю, по четвергам. - Ты знаешь, где он живет? - Нет. 17. Кто знает французский? - Петров. 18. Кто играет на
пианино? - Елена. Она хорошо играет на пианино. 19. Он никогда тебе не пишет, не так ли? - Нет, пишет. 20.
Ты часто ходишь в кино? — Раз или два раза в месяц.
B. Где вы проводите свободное время? - Мы часто выезжаем за город. 2. Когда начинается собрание? - В 5. 3. Я
сейчас возвращаюсь домой поздно, потому что у меня много работы. 4. Где Виктор? - Он все еще обедает.- Он
обычно обедает в ресторане, не так ли? - Да. - Почему он не обедает дома? - Он живет далеко от работы. 5. Ты
говоришь по-немецки? - Нет, я говорю по-испански. - Кто еще знает испанский? - Думаю, что Мария. 6. Твоя
дочь увлекается спортом? - Да, она любит теннис. 7. Я редко вижу свою сестру, так как она живет за городом. 8.
Чем ты сейчас занимаешься? - Я перевожу статью. 9. Мой сын не любит хоккей. Он предпочитает футбол. 10.
Куда ты идешь? - В библиотеку.- Ты часто работаешь в библиотеке? - Раз или два раза в неделю.
C. 1. В этой части света солнце садится рано. 2. Джойс едет в Лондон завтра, потому что ее дядя хочет ее
видеть. 3. Некоторым людям больше всего нравится лето, некоторые любят весну или осень, а другие пред-
почитают зиму. 4. "Где Лиззи?" - "Она катается верхом на лошади." 5. "Что делают дети?" - "Они слушают
сказку и рисуют." 6. Джейн прекрасно рисует. 7. Отец обычно ездит на работу поездом, но сегодня он на ма-
шине. 8. Каждый год он проводит каникулы в горах. 9. Я пишу, чтобы пригласить вас к нам на лето. 10. Я сижу
у окна и смотрю на море. Какое-то судно уплывает (sail away) в вечернее золото горизонта.11. "Когда он
обычно приходит домой?" - "Он обычно приходит домой в 7 часов вечера." 12. Каким поездом вы уезжаете в
Петербург на следующей неделе? 13. В следующее воскресенье ко мне приезжают друзья из Шеффилда. 14.
Алекс делает новую полку для книг. Он всю мебель для своей комнаты всегда делает сам. 15. На ней сегодня
шляпа и голубое платье. 16. Я не могу сейчас дать вам эту книгу, потому что я ее читаю. 17. "Вы много
читаете?" - "Да, много." - "Вы покупаете книги или берете их в библиотеке?" - "Я обычно беру по пять книг в
центральной библиотеке и меняю их через месяц." 18. "Что вы делаете под столом?" - "Я ищу иголку." 19. "Что
у вас обычно на завтрак?" -"Я обычно ем бутерброд и выпиваю чашку кофе." 20. "Куда ты так бежишь?" - "Я
бегу на десятичасовую электричку. Я встречаюсь сегодня с Ником. Он не любит, когда я опаздываю." 21. В
следующее воскресенье я уезжаю в Данию.

The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense

statement: I/You/He/She/It/We/They played...
negative: I/You/He/She/It/We/They didn't play...
question: Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they play... ?
Note: Irregular verbs do not take 'ed in the past simple. Learn the past simple form of irregular verbs.
Use Example
Single completed actions Tom and I played a game of chess and he won.
Habits in the past Did you collect stamps when you were younger?
Permanent situations in the past A famous footballer lived in our house before we bought it.
General truths and facts about the past Crosswords didn't become popular until the 1930s.
The main events in a story The referee blew the whistle and Simon passed the ball to James, who ran
towards the goal.
• We can also use did in past simple statements for emphasis.
'Why didn't you win your match yesterday?' I did win. Who told you I didn't?'
We lost 5-0, but at least we did get into the final.
The Past Continuous Tense
statement: I/He/She/It was playing... I/You/We/They were playing...
negative: I/He/She/It wasn't playing You/We/They weren't playing.
question: Was I/he/she/it playing... Were you/we/they playing... ?

1. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.

A. 1.What you (read) when I (come)? — A very interesting detective. I (take) the book from the library yesterday. 2.
Ann still (wait) for me when I (arrive). She (get) angry because I (be) late again. 3. Where you (hurry) when I (meet)
you? — I (go) to the station to meet my mother. 4. I (drive, not) fast "when the accident (happen). 5. I (come) to the
station an hour before the train's departure. While I (wait) for the train I (read) a newspaper. 6. The telephone (ring)
when we (have) dinner. My wife (answer) the phone. 7. The students (talk) excitedly when the teacher (come) in, but
they (stop) at once when the teacher (speak). He (walk) across the room and (begin) to write questions on the
blackboard. While he (write), the students (sit) down, (take) out their pens and (prepare) themselves for the test. The

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Revision of tenses, first year.
teacher (finish) writing, (sit) down in front of the class and (open) a book. He (read) his book the whole time while the
students (answer) the questions. When the bell (ring) at four o'clock, most of them (still, write). The teacher (tell) them
to stop working and he (collect) their answer papers. When they (leave) the room he (begin) to correct the papers.
B. It (be) two weeks before Christmas and Mrs Smith (be) very busy. She (buy) a lot of Christmas cards to send to her
friends and to her husband's friends and (put) them on the table in the living-room. Then, when her husband (come)
from work, she (say) to him, 'Here (be) the Christmas cards for our friends, here (be) some stamps, a pen and our book
of addresses. Will you please write the cards while I am cooking?' Mr Smith (say, not) anything, but (walk) out of the
living-room and (go) to his study. Mrs Smith (be) very angry with him but (say, not) anything either. Then a minute
later he (come) back with a box full of Christmas cards. All of them (have) addresses and stamps on them. 'These (be)
from last year,' he (say). 'I (forget) to post them.'
C. I (get) home at 6 o'clock in the evening. My wife (open) the door for me. 'Good evening, Ted,' she (say). 'Good
evening, my dear!' I (answer). 'You (be) tired?' she (ask). 'No,'I (answer), 'I (be, not) tired, but I (be) very hungry.'
'Dinner (be) ready,' she (say). I (take) off my coat and (sit) down. My wife (sit) beside me. 'You (catch) your train this
morning?' she (ask). 'No,' I (answer). 'I (miss) it. I (run) all the way to the station and (get) there four minutes past nine.'
'Which train you (catch)?' 'The 9.15' 'What time you (get) to the office?' she (ask). 'At 10 o'clock!' I (answer). 'At ten
o'clock?' my wife (exclaim), 'the boss (be, not) angry?' 'No, he (be, not) at the office,' I (say). 'He (arrive) at 10.30. He
(miss) his train, too.'
D. 1. Mary (play) the piano; John (read); my wife (sew) when suddenly we all (hear) a shout. 2. When the doctor
(leave) the hospital, he (catch) a glimpse of himself in the glass front door. 3. When her father (come) in she (sit) before
a red tea-table, finishing a very good tea. 4. Next day, while he (shave) he (cut) himself slightly. 5. The door of his room
(be) open; his mother still (stand) at the window. 6. And, smiling to himself, he (begin) to make plans, fantastic plans
for the future. He still (smile) when he (walk) up the rock-cut steps. 7. I (sleep) soundly when the phone (ring). 8. We
(sit) on our front porch when Mr Smith (drive) up in his new car. 9. Crosby (cross) the street when the car (strike) him.
10. It (drizzle) when they (come) out of the house. 11. When the World War (break), John (live) in Holland. 12. It (get)
dark and I (suggest) that we should go down. 13. John (come) in, (look) at the fire, (stand) a moment, (turn) and (go)
away. 14. As I (walk) home yesterday, I (meet) a beggar who (ask) me for some money. 15. We (come) into the dining-
room while our parents (eat) supper. 16. She (run) down the stairs and (go) to the library, where her husband (stand)
with his mother. 17. Mike (lift) his eyes from the book and (look) out of the window. It still (snow). 18. We (drive) at
about forty miles an hour when the accident (happen). 19. You (have) a good time at those parties? 20. A fortnight later
Holt (fall) and (hurt) himself when he (ride) his motorcycle. 21. He (go) into the kitchen and (get) himself a cup of
coffee. 22. Eric (go) into the library and (sit) down to read the letter. The fire (crackle) merrily in the fireplace, and
outside the wind (howl). 23. He (take) a cushion, (put) it behind and (lean) back. 24. At half past four I (put) on the
lights. 25. When I (be) a boy, I (want) to be an actor.
2. Translate into English.
A. 1. Пока машинистка печатала документы, я разговаривал с главным инженером. 2. Чем ты занимался в
понедельник с 8 до 10 вечера? - Готовился к экзамену. 3. Ты вчера был занят, не так ли? - Да, я писал статью. -
Жаль. Вчера в университете была очень интересная лекция. 4. С кем ты разговаривал, когда я тебя встретил? -
Со своим двоюродным братом. 5. Вчера вечером мы все были дома. Я читал весь вечер. Моя жена смотрела
телевизор, а дети играли в шахматы. 6. Что вы обсуждали на вчерашнем собрании? - Мы говорили о нашем
производственном плане. 7. Кто помог тебе перевести статью? 8. Она никогда не рассказывала о своей жизни.
9. Кто подписывал документы? - Вы.
B. 1. Вчера вечером мы были в клубе. Там был концерт. На концерте было много рабочих с нашего завода. 2. 5
лет назад я жил в Москве, тогда я работал на заводе. 3. Когда ты в последний раз видел Нину? - На прошлой
неделе. 4. Ты был дома в понедельник утром? - Нет, я был на работе. 5. Когда ты обедал? - В 3 часа. 6. Какой
язык ты изучал в школе? - Немецкий. 7. Когда ты женился? - В 1988 году. 8. На прошлой неделе почтальон
принес мне письмо от отца. 9. Ты вовремя пришел вчера на работу? - Да. 10. Где ты был в воскресенье вечером?
- У Виктора. 11. Когда ты был в театре в последний раз? - Месяц назад. 12. Вчера я проснулся в 7 часов. Я
умылся, позавтракал и пошел на завод. Я пришел на завод в 8 часов, просмотрел бумаги, продиктовал
секретарю деловые письма. После обеда я присутствовал на собрании и выступил с докладом. На собрании мы
обсудили много вопросов. Я был занят до 8 часов. 13. Тебе понравился концерт? - Да. 14. Я не был вчера в
институте. 15. Почему ты мне не позвонил вчера? - Я вернулся домой слишком поздно. 16. Ты был вчера в
кино? - Нет, я был на вечере. 17. Мне не понравился фильм. 18. Я сегодня не завтракал, потому что поздно
встал и торопился на работу. Я взял такси. 19. Вчера вечером я был в библиотеке. 20. Я не опоздал на собрание
21. Когда ты впервые слышал «Аиду»? - 6 лет назад. 22. Где он купил этот словарь? - Я не имею ни малейшего
представления.
C. 1. Я посидел на скамейке с полчаса, а потом начал читать книгу. 2. Я окончила университет, когда мне было
23 года. 3. "Когда вы были здесь последний раз?" - "Года полтора тому назад." 4. Грэй кивнул головой и пошел
наверх. 5. Я встретила Лену около трех лет назад благодаря своим родителям. 6. Он остановился и сорвал розу.
7. Я навещала их год тому назад. 8. Я видела его в Лондоне неделю назад. 9. Я не видел его, когда был в С.-
Петербурге. 10. Что с вами случилось в тот вечер? 11. Они вернулись в дом, когда пошел дождь. 12. "Ты видел
его этим утром." - "Да, он стоял у машины." 13. Он вошел и увидел Нелли, которая рисовала странную картину.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
14. Он побежал к воротам, где стояла Анна. 15. Я взглянул на Дженни, которая все еще дрожала от холода. 16.
Мы как раз говорили о нем, когда он вдруг вошел. 17. Они пришли в то время, когда я работала в саду. 18.
Вчера в шесть часов она накрывала на стол. 19. Что ты играл, когда я вошла? 20. Вода в чайнике кипела, когда
мои друзья вернулись в лагерь. 21. Когда я приехал, Елена как раз уходила.

Expressing the future: will/won't and be going to

Use Example

Facts about the future The website will come online next week. (more formal)

Predictions not based on present evidence In the future, everyone will have their own flying car. (more formal)

Decisions made at the moment of speaking I've decided! I won't get a new DVD player just yet.

Offers and suggestions I'll help you with your physics homework, if you like.

Requests Will you help me with my physics homework?

Most first conditional sentences If we get a computer, we'll be able to surf the Internet.

With offers and suggestions in the question form, we use shall.

Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
Shall we dance?
What shall we do tonight?
Shall I help you with your physics homework?
Use Example

Plans and intentions (which you already have I'm going to be a famous doctor one day!
when you speak)
Predictions based on present evidence It sounds like the plane's going to take off in a few minutes.

Present Continuous and Present Indefinite

Use Example

Arrangements made before the moment of Are they installing the new computers next week?
speaking
Timetables, arrangements and fixed events The bus to the science museum leaves at 8 o'clock tomorrow
(which the speaker cannot change) morning.

After if in first conditional and zero conditional If technology continues to advance so quickly, what will life be like
sentences in a hundred years?

In time clauses We'll find out as soon as we get to the lab.

1. Put the verb into the most suitable form.

a) use will or going to
1. Why are you filling that bucket with water? - I (wash) the floor. 2. Oh, I haven't got any money to buy the books. -
Don't worry - that's no problem. I (lend) you some. 3. What (you/ do) after supper? – (Watch) television. Why? 4. Have
a good time in Italy! - Thanks. I (send) you a postcard. 5. Why are you turning on the television? - I (watch) the news.
6. Did you post that letter for me? - Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. I (do) it now. 7. We need some bread for lunch. -
Oh, do we? I (go) to the shop and get some. 8. The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it? - No, it looks as
if it (fall) down. 9. I don't know how to use this camera. - It's quite easy! I (show) you. 10. What would you like to
drink - tea or coffee? - I (have) tea, please. 11. Phew! It's hot in here. - Yes, isn't it? I (turn on) the air conditioning. 12.
Has George decided on what to do when he leaves school? - Oh, yes. Everything is planned. He (have) a holiday for a
few weeks and then he (start) a computer programming course. 13. Where are you going? Are you going shopping? -
Yes, I (buy) something for dinner. 14. I decided to re-paint this room. - What colour (you, paint) it? 15. I'm going to a
party tomorrow. - What (you, wear)? 16. When (you/type) my article? - I (do) it tomorrow if I have time.
b) use the going to Future Indefinite or the Present Continuous
1. I don't know what I (do) with my computer. Perhaps you'd like it? 2. The plane (leave) at 6 o'clock. 3. I know you
(like) our new geography teacher. 4. Come on! We (be) late. 5. Sue and Alan (get) married on Saturday. 6. Take a warm
coat. It's very cloudy. I think it (snow) 7. I (take) my driving test on Wednesday. 8. My parents (arrive) by the 11.50
train. 9. I feel terrible. I think I (be) sick. 10. The new supermarket (open) on 5th May.
5
Revision of tenses, first year.

c) use the Present Continuous (I am doing) or the Simple Present (I do)

1. We (go) to the theatre this evening. 2. We (have) a party on Saturday. Would you like to come? 3. ... the film (begin)
at 3.30 or 4.30? 4. I (go, not) away for my holiday next month because I haven't got enough money.... (you/go) away)?
5. The concert this evening (start) at 7.30. 6. George, is it true that you (get) married next week? 7. The art exhibition
(open) on 3rd May and (finish) on 15th July. 8. What time (the next train/leave)? 9. Ann, we (go) to town. ...
(you/come) with us?

2. Translate into English.

A. 1. Сколько времени у тебя уйдет на то, чтобы закончить эту работу? - Я думаю, что закончу ее через неделю.
2. Где ты собираешься отдыхать этим летом? - Я хочу поехать на юг. 3. Что ты делаешь сегодня вечером? - Я
иду в театр. 4. Интересно, придет ли Джейн на вечер.- Не думаю. Сегодня вечером приезжает ее мать, она идет
на вокзал встречать ее. 5. Ты принесла словарь? - Нет, я совершенно забыла. Я принесу его завтра. 6. Роберт не
будет присутствовать на собрании. Он уезжает в Москву. Он пробудет там целый месяц. 7. Поторопись. Поезд
отправляется через полчаса. 8. Не беспокойтесь о дочери. Я за ней присмотрю. 9. Когда ты сдаешь последний
экзамен? - В пятницу.
B. 1. Пожалуйста, переведи эту статью. — Попытаюсь. 2. Купить тебе этот словарь? — Да, пожалуйста. 3. Где
мы встретимся? — Давай встретимся у кинотеатра в 7. 4. Не сыграть ли нам в шахматы? — Сожалею, но не
могу. Я иду в институт. 5. Пойдем завтра в театр? — Хорошая идея. 6. Включить телевизор? — Да. 7.
Пожалуйста, передайте мне соль. 8. Ты не одолжишь мне немного денег? — Конечно. 9. Пригласить Виктора на
именины? 10. Напечатать эти письма? — Да, пожалуйста. 11. Поедем завтра за город? Боюсь, что не смогу.
Завтра я буду занят. 12. Купить вам билет на матч? — Да. Это очень любезно с вашей стороны. 13. Вы не
скажете, который час? — 10.30.

3. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense form.

A. A. 1. You (not, catch) the 10 o'clock train, if you (not, hurry). 2. I (wait) for you until you (be) ready. 3. If the
weather (be) fine, we (have) a picnic on Sunday. 4. When I (finish) my work, I (take) the children out for a walk. 5. He
(leave), before you (arrive). 6. I (have) a rest after I (finish) this work. 7. I (speak) to him when I (see) him next time. 8.
I (not, leave) until you (return). 9. If you (not, take) the job, you (be) sorry. 10. What (happen) to me if I (tell) them?
11.... (you/tell) me when breakfast (be) ready? 12. If you (ask) him politely, he (help) you. 13. I (be) there when she
(arrive). 14. If he (not, attend) the conference, he (not, see) his friends. 15. When she (hear) her result, she (be) pleased.
16. I (not, phone) you unless something important (happen). 17. If he (not, come), you (be) upset? 18. They (laugh)
when they (realise) it's a trick. 19. I think you (like) Nick when you (meet) him. 20. I (send) you a postcard as soon as I
(reach) Paris. 21. I (get) some fresh eggs if they (have) any in the market. 22.... (she, go) to college if she (get) good
grades in her exams? 23. If he (offer) Guy a job, Guy (take) it. 24. If he (tell) me to go, I (go).
B. 1. 'The moment the sun (rise) we (get) up and (dress). While you (prepare) breakfast, I (pack) the bags. We (set) off
as soon as everyone (be) ready. We (not, stop) until it (be) time for lunch. While we (have lunch) we (discuss) our plans
for the day after tomorrow. When we (finish) eating, we (sleep) for an hour. We (hurry) during the afternoon, while it
(be) still daylight, and if the weather (be) bad, we (put on) our raincoats. As soon as it (get) dark, we (make) a camp.
Before everybody (go) to sleep, we (have) another discussion.''... we (not, have) any dinner?'
2. Mother: I'm off to work now. What time will you be back?
Angie: About six. But I (ring) you if there (be) any problems.
Mother: Well, if you (be) back before me, you (have to) get something for dinner.
Angie: OK. I (decide) on something when I (get) to the supermarket.
Mother: If I (pass) a greengrocer's, I (buy) some strawberries.
Angie: Great!
Mother: Is Colin coming round tonight?
Angie: He didn't say but if he (get in touch), I (invite) him to supper.
Mother: Look at the time. I (miss) the bus unless I (go) now.
Angie: OK. Bye. I (see) you when I (get) home.

4. Translate from Russian into English.

A. 1. Я зайду к тебе, как только освобожусь. 2. Я сообщу вам свой новый адрес, прежде чем мы переедем на
новую квартиру. 3. Если меня никто не встретит на вокзале, я возьму такси. 4. После того как собрание за-
кончится, я пойду в кино. 5. Я подожду, пока он не позвонит мне. 6. Что вы будете делать, если не застанете его
дома? 7. Когда я приеду в Москву, я пошлю тебе телеграмму. 8. Я помогу тебе, как только закончу работать над
статьей. 9. Я не уйду, пока ты не вернешься. 10. Вы опоздаете на поезд, если не поспешите. 11. Мы не будем
обедать, пока ты не придешь. 12. Если она не ответит на мое письмо, я не буду ей больше писать. 13. Я зайду к
тебе перед тем, как уеду из Москвы. 14. Если он не приедет завтра, пошлите ему телеграмму. 15. Я поговорю с
ним об этом, когда увижу его. 16. Если я не уеду в командировку, то я зайду к тебе на днях. 17. Как только вы
будете готовы, мы поедем на станцию. 18. Я верну вам эту книгу, как только она вам понадобится. 19. Я думаю,
что он вам не позвонит до того, как вернется в Минск. 20. Если в следующее воскресенье будет хорошая
6
Revision of tenses, first year.
погода, у нас будет пикник за городом. 21. Я надену плащ, если пойдет дождь. 22. Когда вы увидите г-на Грина,
попросите его позвонить мне. 23. Я просмотрю газеты после того, как мы позавтракаем. 24. Пойдемте в клуб,
когда окончится лекция. 25. Ты получишь обед, когда он будет готов. 26. Даже если будет дождь, мы будем
завтра работать в саду.
B. 1. Я не знаю, позвонит ли она мне сегодня, но если позвонит, я ей все скажу. 2. Он еще не уверен, поедет ли в
Англию этим летом, но если он поедет, это будет только в августе. 3. Мы не знаем, достанет ли Анна билеты в
театр; если она достанет, то мы пойдем вместе с ней. 4. Я не имею представления, когда он вернется, но уверен,
что когда он вернется, он мне обо всем расскажет. 5. Спроси его, когда он закончит читать эту книгу; я
надеюсь, что когда закончит, он даст ее мне. 6. Не знаю, когда он нас навестит в следующий раз, но обязательно
познакомлю вас, когда это случится. 7. Он еще не знает, где будет отдыхать летом, но скажет мне, когда все
станет ясно. 8. Интересно, какую отметку мне поставят за сочинение; если я не получу «отлично», значит, я не
поступлю в институт.
C. 1 .Она сказала, что знает английский хорошо и легко переводит без словаря. 2. Он не был уверен, что все
произойдет именно так. 3. Я спросил, часто ли он с ней видится. 4. Сказал ли он, когда вернется сегодня? 5. Он
тогда еще не знал, скоро ли вернется и вернется ли вообще. 6. Он сказал, что обычно с утра ничего не ест, а
только пьет чай или кофе. 7. Она сказала, что не знает, когда закончатся все уроки. 8. Интересно, обещал ли он
тебе позвонить, когда сдаст экзамен? 9. Он решил работать в школе, когда окончит институт. 10. Мы не хотели
выходить, пока не кончится дождь. 11. Мне было интересно, понравится ли учителю мое сочинение. 12. Ты не
спросил его, будет ли он присутствовать завтра на лекции? 13. Я поинтересовался, всегда ли он так рано встает.
D. 1. Она обещала, что позвонит, как только вернется, не так ли? 2. Я решил, что пока не кончится урок, я об
этом не буду думать. 3. Он не обещал тебе, что придет, как только освободится, не так ли? 4. Я спросил, даст ли
он мне эту книгу, когда прочитает; он ответил, что конечно даст, но что он еще не знает, когда это будет. 5. Я
боялся, что мама будет сердиться, если я приду поздно. 6. Он обещал зайти к вам, когда сдаст все экзамены. 7.
Я не говорил, что приду к тебе после того, как сдам экзамен. 8. Мы решили, что если будет дождь, мы никуда
не поедем. 9. Я не знал, когда он мне позвонит и позвонит ли вообще. 10. Сначала я хотел спросить его, когда
он вернет мне книгу, но потом забыл. 11. Было ясно, что если дождь будет продолжаться, вся поездка будет
испорчена. 12. Он обещал, что приедет обязательно, если не будет занят в тот день. 13. Мы договорились, что
обсудим все, когда встретимся в классе. 14. Я не знал, когда он позвонит, но был уверен, что позвонит. 15. Он
сказал, что если новости будут хорошие, он мне сразу сообщит их по телефону. 16. Мы не были уверены,
приедет ли он в Москву, но знали, что если приедет, он к нам зайдет.

The Future Continuous Tense

Use Example

Actions in progress at a definite point in the This time next week, I’ll be taking my biology exam.
future
Habits or repeated actions at a definite point in
the future.

1. Put the verb in brackets into the Future Continuous.

1. Don't ring her up at 12 o'clock. She (have) her music lesson. 2. At this time tomorrow the boys of our group (play)
football. 3. When we arrive in St.-Petersburg, it probably (rain). 4. It is late autumn, soon the leaves (fall). 5. Let's wait
here; the Palace Bridge (open) in a minute to let that ship through.

2. Answer the questions in the Future Continuous Tense, using the given suggestions.
Example: What will he be doing tomorrow afternoon ? (drive to the seaside) He will be driving to the seaside.
1. What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress)
2. What will you be doing at this time next week? (bathe in the Black Sea)
3. What will grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden)
4. What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study law)
5. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Kiev)
6. What will she be doing at the concert tonight? (sing Russian folk-songs)
7. What will he be doing at this time the day after tomorrow? (interview a foreign delegation)
8. What will she be doing next term? (lecture at the Institute of Foreign Languages)

3. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite and the Future Continuous.
1. When I (get) home, my animals (sit) at the door waiting for me. 2. It (be) the middle of June. They (come) soon. 3. If
you (want) to see us, come to Tom's on Sunday. We (wait) for you there at midday. 4. At this time next week they
(board) the plane to London. 5. They (have) English from nine to ten in this room. 6. I (wait) for you when you (come).
7. "I (call) for her at eight." - "No, don't; she still (sleep)." 8. They are so angry. A few more words and they (quarrel)
again.

7
Revision of tenses, first year.
4. Open the brackets. Use the Future Indefinite if the action is permanent, repeated or it is a one-time action. Use the
Future Continuous to show that the action is a temporary one, taking place at a given moment in the future.
1. You (know) her. She (stand) at the news stand. She (wear) a scarlet rain coat. 2. I (tell) her everything and I (show)
her the papers. I promise you she (not/smile) this time. 3. There (not/ be) anyone in when we (come). The secretary
(have) lunch. 4. It (rain) when we (get) there. 5. Go straight up the street. The car (wait) for you at the entrance to the
department store. 6. We are much too early. There (be) no one there. 7. Of course, I (be) still here when you (return). I
(mark) the papers. 8. Come and speak to me about it in your lunch hour. I (type) your stuff. 9. I don't think she (be)
there at that time. She (sketch) somewhere along the coast. 10. No one (see) us come. They (have) tea on the terrace.
11.At this time she (do) her shopping. 12. When you (come) to Athens I (cross) the border.

5. Translate into English.

1. Мы не должны опаздывать. Они будут беспокоиться. 2. Мы сегодня идем в кино. Вы будете сидеть рядом со
мной. 3. Нам нужно вернуться в 10 часов. Мама будет ждать нас. 4. "Вы будете обедать со мной в поне-
дельник?" - "Я бы очень хотел, но боюсь, что в это время я буду сдавать экзамен." 5. "Что они будут делать,
когда мы приедем домой?" - "Я думаю, они будут читать." 6. "Я недостаточно хорошо себя чувствую, чтобы
ехать в аэропорт и встречать Элис." - "Я встречу ее. Скажите, как я ее узнаю?" - "На ней будет ярко-зеленый
костюм." 7. Интересно, что мы будем делать через год и будем ли мы еще встречаться друг с другом. 8. "Мой
сын в будущем году будет в девятом классе." -"Значит, моя мама будет учить его английскому языку." 9. Не
говорите ей об этом, через минуту она будет плакать. 10. "Что вы будете делать в это время в следующую
пятницу?" - "Как всегда, буду работать в саду."

THE INDEFINITE AND CONTINUOUS FORMS

1. Open the brackets, using the appropriate tense forms.
1. I wondered why he (laugh). I could see nothing funny in what (go on). 2. What you two (talk) about? You (discuss)
his plan? 3. You (leave) the town early this summer? 4. When you (speak) to her about her lessons? 5. She (wear) dark
spectacles. They are not just sun glasses. She (not/see) very well. 6. Why you (wear) sun glasses on a gray day like this?
7. He (live) with his parents now. I think, he (look) for a job. 8. I could not see his face, he (sit) so that his face was in
shadow. 9. When I (see) her last she (try) on hats at Angela's. 10. For some fifteen minutes he (write) in silence without
once raising his eyes from what he (write). 11. We (walk) for some time. The road (get) worse, just a narrow goat trail.
12. You (leave) us soon. It (get) colder every day. 13. We were friendly at school. I still (see) him from time to time. 14.
You (hear) from me one of these days. 15. Phone as late as you can. I (be) up. I (watch) the football game on TV. It's
the semi-finals tonight. 16. The rain started when I (wait) for my bus. 17. Why did you speak to him so? He only (try) to
help. 18. I hate the place in autumn. It always (rain) there. It (rain) when we came and it (rain) when we left.

2. Translate into English.

1. Вы сегодня пойдете на лекцию по истории языка? 2. Нина пишет что-нибудь? 3. Вы долго ждали его вчера?
4. Почему вы в свитере и брюках? У вас сегодня урок ходьбы на лыжах? 5. Обычно он ждет меня у входа в
метро, и мы едем домой вместе. 6. Вечно ты возражаешь. 7. Я не могу с Вами встретиться, завтра приезжает
мама. 8. Ты что, целую библиотеку несешь в портфеле? Он очень тяжелый. 9. У нее обычно пять или шесть
книг в сумке, поэтому она такая тяжелая. 10. День был очень холодный. На мне был свитер и лыжная куртка, и
все же мне было очень холодно. 11. Ты увидишь ее сегодня в институте? 12. Звонок раздался, когда я
заканчивала писать сочинение. 13. Он вошел в комнату, где его ждал экзаменатор. 14. Кто-нибудь читает эту
газету? Я хочу ее взять. 15. Где он сейчас работает? 16. Приходи сегодня, я буду ждать.

The Present Perfect Tense

have/has + past participle
statement: I/You/We/They have flown... He/She/It has flown...
negative: I/You/We/They haven't flown... He/She/It hasn't flown...
question: Have l/you/we/they flown... ? Has he/she/it flown... ?
Use Example

Situations and states that started in the past and are still true She's had her motorbike for over six years.
A series of actions continuing up to now We've travelled by taxi, bus, plane and train - all in
the last twenty-four hours!

Completed actions at a time in the past which is not Have you ever flown in a helicopter?
mentioned
Completed actions where the important thing is the present I've booked the coach tickets.
result
NB •
Phrases such as It’s the first /the second / etc time … are followed by the Present Perfect Tense
It’s the second time I’ve been on a plane.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
• Questions beginning with When? Where? and How? are not used in the Present Perfect Tense. Use the Past Indefinite
instead. Where did you see him?

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

statement: I/You/We/They have been travelling... He/She/It has been travelling...

negative: I/You/We/They haven't been travelling... He/She/It hasn't been travelling...
Has he/she/it been travelling... ?
question: Have l/you/we/they been travelling... ?
Use Example

Actions continuing up to the present moment We have been driving for hours. Can't we have a break soon?

Actions stopping just before the present moment I'm out of breath because I've been running to get here in time.

The present perfect continuous is often used with words and phrases like all day/week/year/etc, for, since, just, etc.
We've been walking for hours and I need a rest.
• The present perfect continuous is not normally used with the words ever and never.
Have you ever flown in a helicopter before?
X Have you ever been flying in a helicopter before?
• Sometimes there is very little difference in meaning between the present perfect simple and the present perfect
continuous and sometimes there is a difference in meaning.
I have worked at the airport for four years. = I have been working at the airport for four years.
I have read that book about cruise ships. (I have finished it.) ≠ I have been reading that book about cruise ships. (I have
not finished it.)
Stative verbs
Stative verbs are not normally used in continuous tenses because they don't describe actions.
I see what you mean. X / am seeing what you mean.

1. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.

A. 1. At last I (do) my homework. I can go for a walk now. 2. The delegation already (arrive) but we (not, speak) with
its members yet. 3. Last month I (read) two interesting books but I (not, read) anything so far this month. 4. 'You
(make) any spelling mistakes in your test?' — 'No, I (not, make) any mistakes.' 5. 'Where is Jane?' 'She (go) to the
shops. She'll be back soon.' 6. 'You ever (be) to the USA?' 'Yes, I (be) to New York several times.' 7. Hello! I've just
(be) to the shops. Look! I (buy) lots of things. 8. We (not, see) John this morning but we (see) him a couple of days ago.
9. Harry is ill. He (have) an accident. He (break) his leg. 10. 'You (finish) typing?' 'Not yet. In fact I just (begin).' 11.
'How many records you (bring)?' 'Five'. 12. 'You ever (find) anything valuable?' 'No, I... .' 13. 'Mr West (sell) his house
yet?' 'Yes, he ... . He (sell) it last week.' 'He (move) to his new house yet?' 'No, not yet.'

2. Translate into English.

A. 1. Вы когда-либо играли в шахматы с Виктором? Он хорошо играет? — Не знаю. Я никогда с ним не играл.
2. Как поживает Аня? Я ее не вижу в последнее время.— Спасибо, хорошо.— А как ваш сын? Он уже окончил
школу? — Да, он уже студент. 3. Я должна упаковать чемодан.— Не беспокойся, я его уже упаковал. 4. Моему
племяннику только 5 лет, но он уже научился хорошо читать. 5. Вы когда- либо бывали в Англии? — Да, я был
там два года назад. 6. Что случилось? — Я разбила свою любимую чашку. 7. Мы купили новый телевизор. Мне
он очень нравится. 8. Нина очень расстроена. Она не сдала экзамен. 9. Ник придет на вечер? — Нет, он уехал в
командировку. 10. Будем смотреть сегодня вечером телевизор? — Я его еще не починил. 11. Вы уже подписали
документы? — Да, вы можете их забрать.

3. Respond to the following using the Present Perfect and the Past indefinite.
— Why don't you buy this dictionary? (yesterday)
— I've already bought it. I bought it yesterday.
1. Why don't you send her a telegram? (this morning) 2. Will you make tea, please? (a few minutes ago) 3. Do your
homework. (before supper) 4. You should read the book. (in summer) 5. Put the towel into the suitcase. (some minutes
ago) 6. Why don't you speak to the boss? (the day before yesterday) 7. What about seeing 'Oliver'? (on Tuesday) 8. You
should build a garage. (last year) 9. Why don't you phone Peter? (in the afternoon) 10. Tell Dick about the expedition.
(last Friday) 11. Why don't you invite the Browns? (yesterday) 12. You must repair the TV set. (yesterday morning) 13.
You should book the tickets in advance. (last Saturday) 14. Give her your typewriter for a few days. (yesterday)

4. Say ‘when'.
Henry has fallen ill. He fell ill on Tuesday.

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Revision of tenses, first year.
1. They have begun the experiment. 2. I've found my ticket. 3. He has finished the work. 4. They have rung him up. 5. I
have written the letter. 6. He has passed his exam. 7. She has paid for the furniture. 8. They have bought a boat. 9. They
have seen the museum. 10. The porter has already brought our suitcases. 11. I've lost my umbrella again. 12. They have
changed their flat. 13. She has broken her watch. 14. They have got married. 15. I've already had dinner. 16. The
delegation has already arrived. 17. The train has left. 18. Victor has gone to Moscow on business. 19. I've already swum
in the sea today. 20. Kitty has already woken up. 21. I have sold my garage. 22. I have told Jack about the picnic.

5. Answer the questions using the prompts.

— Has he seen Ann? (yesterday)
— Yes, he saw her yesterday.
1. Have you sold your car? (last month) 2. Have you spoken Jack? (on Friday morning) 3. Have you written to Mary?
(the day before yesterday) 4. Have you thrown the letter away? (some minutes ago) 5. Have you burnt the documents?
(three hours ago) 6. Have you found your keys? (this morning) 7. Has your husband ever forgotten your birthday? (last
year) 8. Have you rung Tom? (yesterday afternoon) 9. Has Jack ever been to Italy? (in 1990) 10. Have you heard the
news? (yesterday) 11. Has she begun work yet? (at 10 o'clock) 12. Have you eaten the cake? (in the morning)

6. Ask your friend whether he has done certain things and when he did them. Use the prompts.
buy a house
— Have you bought a house?
— Yes, I have.
— When did you buy it?
— Two months ago.
1. pay the bill; 2. send for the doctor; 3. see 'Gone with the Wind'; 4. book a ticket; 5. read 'War and Peace'; 6. have
dinner; 7. receive the documents; 8. type the papers; 9. do one's homework; 10. rest in the Crimea; 11. hear 'Aida'; 12.
choose a present; 13. write the test paper; 14. sell one's tent.

7. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.

1. You (hear) about Bob? He (break) his leg.— Really? How that (happen)? 2. I just (return) from Yalta. — You (go)|
there alone? — Together with my son.— How long you (stay) there? — Three weeks. 3. Your hair looks different. You
(have) a haircut? — Yes.— You (cut) it yourself? — No, Ann (cut) it for me. 4. Look! Somebody (spill) milk on the
carpet. — Well, it (not, be) me. — I wonder who it (be) then. 5. You, (see) the film on television last night? 6. My
bicycle isn't here any more. Somebody (take) it. 7. I (not eat) anything yesterday because I (not, feel) hungry. 8. Why
Jim (not, want) to play tennis last Friday? —He (be) busy on Friday. 9.Hello, Susan. Is Alan here? — No, I'm afraid he
(go) out. — What a pity! When exactly he (go) out? — About ten minutes ago.
10. You (see) 'War and Peace' yet? — Yes., I.... I (see) it last week. — What you (think) of it? — I (not, like) it very
much. 11. I (go) to a new Indian restaurant last night with Mary. — To that new place in Marchmount Street? — Yes.
You ever (be) there? — No, but Barbara already (be) there. She (love) it. She says she never (eat) such delicious Indian
food. What you (order)? — I (have) a prawn curry and Mary (try) a Tandori chicken. They (be) both fantastic 12. I
never (be) to Cambridge. — Oh, I (go) there last summer. I (do) a language course there. — You ever (be) to Oxford?
— No, but a friend of mine (stay) there for a month two years ago. He (enjoy) it very much.

8. Translate into English.

A. 1. Я никогда не бывал в Китае, но я был в Японии. Это было три года назад. 2. Где мой учебник? Я только
что оставил его здесь. Здесь кто-нибудь был? 3. Катя ушла в кино два часа назад и еще не вернулась. 4. Виктор
уже починил магнитофон? - Нет еще. 5. Ты заказала билеты? - Нет еще. - Почему ты не сделала этого вчера? -
Я совершенно забыла об этом. 6. Вы когда-либо бывали в Большом театре? - Да. - Что вы смотрели? -
"Лебединое озеро". - Вам понравился балет? - Да, музыка прекрасная, актеры танцевали великолепно. 7. Я
пойду домой после того, как я закончу работу. 8. Она будет обедать после того, как распакует свои вещи.
9. — Привет, Андрей! Рад тебя видеть.
— Здравствуй, Виктор! Не видел тебя целую вечность. Где ты пропадал?
— Видишь ли, я только что вернулся из Англии. Ты когда-либо там бывал?
— К сожалению, нет. Но я собираюсь поехать туда в следующем году. Ты доволен своей поездкой?
— Конечно. Лондон один из красивейших городов, которые я когда-либо видел. Я пробыл там две недели и
прекрасно провел время. Приходи ко мне на днях. Я покажу тебе свои фотографии.
— Хорошо. До скорой встречи.

The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous Tenses Compared.

1. Say how long the action has been going on.

Ann is looking for a job. She began looking for a job six months ago.
Ann has been looking for a job for 6 months.
1. Jane is writing letters. She began writing letters an hour ago. 2. George smokes. He started smoking five years ago. 3.
Helen studies French. She began studying French eight months ago. 4. The boys are playing football. They started
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Revision of tenses, first year.
playing football two hours ago. 5. It is raining. It began raining three hours ago. 6. Helen is preparing for her exam. She
began preparing for it two weeks ago.
Lucy began typing at 9 o'clock. She is still typing.
Lucy has been typing since 9 o'clock.
1. Dick started reading that book on Friday. He's still reading it. 2. Helen began translating the text at 10 o'clock. She's
still translating it. 3. They began to discuss the plan at 12 o'clock. They are still discussing it. 4. Dick began to watch
TV at 6. He's still watching it. 5. Mr Smith began to work for this company last year. He's still working for the
company. 6. They began to talk at 12. They are still talking.

2. Answer the questions. Use since or for.

— Is John still sleeping? (hours)
— Yes, he's been sleeping for hours,
— Is Mary still typing? (two o'clock)
— Yes, she's been typing since two o'clock.
1. Is Dick still waiting for Lucy? (more than an hour) 2. Is Susan still playing tennis? (ten o'clock) 3. Are they still
sitting in the garden? (lunchtime) 4. Is Bill still trying to learn Japanese? (ten years) 5. Are you still living in London?
(three years now) 6. Are you still smoking those French cigarettes? (a couple of months) 7. Are you still waiting to see
the boss? (ages) 8. Are they still discussing the project? (nine o'clock) 9. Is Mrs Smith still teaching English? (thirty
years) 10. Are Helen and Alice still shopping? (morning) 11. Are you still looking for your glasses? (half an hour) 12.
Are you still working for the same company? (I left school) 13. Is Bill still swimming? (an hour already)

3. Give additional information.

Mike is ill. (for a week)
He has been ill for a week.
1. My brother is married. (for two years) 2. I know Steve Baxter. (since I was a child) 3. Nick is absent. (for a week) 4.
Jack lives in Bishopton. (since he was born) 5. Helen is in the library. (all day long) 6. Mr Morgan is away. (for two
months) 7. Bill is unemployed. (since April) 8. Ann has a bad cold. (for the last few days) 9. My cousin is in the army.
(since he was 18) 10. The shop is open. (since 8 o'clock) 11. The Baxters are at the seaside. (the whole month)

4. Answer the questions using the words in brackets.

— When did you last smoke? (for two years)
— I haven't smoked for two years.
1. When did it last rain? (for ages) 2. When did they last visit you? (since June) 3. When did you last play tennis? (for a
long time). 4. When did you last drive? (for six months) 5. When did she last write to you? (since last summer) 6. When
did you last eat caviar? (never) 7. When did you last hear from George? (for ages) 8. When did you last go to the
theatre? (for months) 9. When did you last see Bob? (since February) 10. When did you last go to Spain? (never)

5. Translate into English.

1. Виктор только что вернулся из Лондона. Я не видел его с прошлого года. 2. Сколько времени ты женат? - Три
года. 3. Ты когда-нибудь читал английские книги в оригинале? - Нет. Я изучаю английский язык только
полгода. 4. Где ты был? Я жду тебя с пяти часов. 5. Чем ты сейчас занимаешься? - Я уже два часа печатаю. 6. Я
давно не вижу твою сестру.- Она уже целый месяц находится в Крыму. 7. Кто взял мой словарь? Я уже пол часа
ищу его. 8. Я устал. Целый день я работал в саду. 9. Сколько времени ты готовишься к экзаменам? - Уже
месяц. 10. Роберта нет сегодня на занятиях. Он уже две недели болеет. 11. Как давно ты занимаешься коллек -
ционированием марок? - Десять лет. 12. Чем ты занимался все это время? - Смотрел телевизор. 13. Ты давно
здесь сидишь? - С десяти часов. 14. Мой брат в Москве. Он не пишет мне уже целый месяц. 15. Я не видел
Павла с тех пор, как мы сдали последний экзамен. 16. Студенты только что ушли. Они находились здесь весь
день.

6. Complete the situations. Do it as in the example.

Tom is reading a book. He started reading two hours ago and he is on page 53.
He has been reading for two hours. He has read 53 pages so far.
1. Captain Hay is a 'million-mile' pilot. He started flying 20 years ago. 2. It is a 3-mile walk from Bob's house to the
city-centre. He started an hour ago and he has just reached it. 3. Laura started the washing-machine up an hour ago.
There are now 30 clean shirts in the basket. 4. You are just finishing the 5 th and last page of homework. You sat down
at the writing-desk 2 hours ago. 5. The tourist came into the old town an hour ago. He is leaving now with 60 new
photographs. 6. The typist started an hour ago. Six letters are ready now. 7. Bill is smoking. When he started smoking
there were 20 cigarettes in the packet. He's smoking his last cigarette.

7. Ask questions.
— I've been picking pears.
— How many have you picked?
— He's been making a lot of money.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
— How much has he made?
1. I've been planting apple trees. 2. I've been making cakes. 3. He's been writing letters. 4. I've been saving money. 5.
I've been ironing shirts. 6. Ann's been losing weight. 7. Sue has been washing blankets. 8. He's been selling tea. 9. He's
been collecting stamps. 10. I've been cutting sandwiches. 11. Mary's been sending out invitations. 12. I've been taking
photographs.

8. Use the Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Past Indefinite and Past Continuous Tenses.
A. 1. Look! Somebody (break) the window. 2. I wonder if John (forget) my number. I (expect) him to call for the past
two hours. 3. You look very upset. What (happen)? 4. You (not, finish) that book yet? You (read) it for more than a
week. 5. The meat must be nearly ready. I (cook) it for nearly an hour. 6. What you (do) for the last two hours? - I (sit)
here working at this problem. 7. I (lose) my key. Can you help me look for it? 8. You look tired. You (work) hard? 9.
My brother is an actor. He (appear) in several films. 10. Hello! I (clean) the windows. So far I (clean) five of them and
there are two more to do. 11. Sorry! I'm late.- That's all right. I (not, wait) long.
B. 1. Mr Clark (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 2. Mary lives in Dublin. She (live) there all her life. 3.
Bob and Alice are married. They (be) married for 20 years. 4. When we (be) on holiday the weather (be) awful. 5. The
weather (be) very nice recently, don't you think? 6. I don't know Carol's husband. I never (meet) him. 7. Yesterday I met
my school mate. We (speak) about our school years for an hour. 8. How's your son getting on at school? — I don't
really know. I (not, speak) to the teachers for some time.
C. 1. It still (rain) when I (come) in just now. It (rain) all morning. 2. I (sit) here waiting for you for nearly an hour. I
already (drink) four whiskies. 3. What you (do) all this time? I (not, see) you for weeks. 4. They (not, work) for several
days now. They (be) too ill. 5. It (not, rain) for a month now. The grass is very dry. 6. I (go) to this pub every evening
for the last ten years. 7. Peter (write) letters since two o'clock. He already (write) five letters. 8. I (sleep) for the last two
hours and I (not, wake) up properly yet. 9. I (buy) a new tie last week, but I (not, wear) it yet. 10. He already (see) that
film. He (see) it when he (be) in London. 11. 'When you (meet) Mr Smith?' 'I (meet) him the day before yesterday.' 12.
'You ever (speak) to him?' 'Yes. I (speak) to him before the party.' 13. Peter (live) in Greece for the last three years. He
(live) in Africa before he (go) to Greece. 14. I just (have) my lunch. I (finish) eating five minutes ago. 15. I (make) five
mistakes so far today. Yesterday I only (make) three mistakes altogether. 16. I never (play) rugby in my life, but I (play)
football when I (be) at school. 17. I (not, hear) from Kate since she (go) abroad. 18. On Sunday I was at the beach. I
(lie) in the sun for two hours. 19. 'You ever (travel) by sea?' 'Yes, I (go) to Batumi by sea last year.' 20. 'What a lovely
old village Overton is! You (live) here long?' 'I (live) here all my life. I (be born) in Overton.' 'You (be) to other
countries?' 'Yes, I (go) to France two years ago.' 21. 'Hello, Mr Thompson. Glad to see you in London. How long you
(be) here?' 'Oh, only a few days. I (arrive) here on Monday.' 'Is it your first visit to London?' 'No, I (be) here several
times before.' 'You (see) many places of interest in London?' 'Yes, quite a lot.' 22. Charles and Barbara Williams (live)
in a village called Harpole. They only (live) there for a few weeks. They (arrive) on 28 August and they quickly
(arrange) the furniture in their new house. They (not, make) many friends yet, but they (think) that they soon will. The
neighbours (be) very kind so far, and Mr Williams (invite) some of them to a party he (hold) next week. His friends
from London and Oxford (come) to the party. The Williams family (live) in London before they (come) to Harpole. Mr
Williams (not, like) living in London. While he (visit) some friends in Southampton last year, he (meet) a company
director who (offer) him a job. Mrs Williams (want) to stay in London, but when they (arrive) at the village, the sun
(shine) and she (begin) to enjoy her country surroundings. 23. Jack (look) at his watch for the twentieth time. Suddenly
Jill (arrive). 'I (wait) for over an hour', he (say) angrily. 'You never come on time.' 'Oh, is that so?' Jill answered. 'You
(be) here at 2.30?' Jack (go) red. 'Well,' he (say), 'I (get) here five minutes late myself, but you (not, be) here.' 'I (come)
here at exactly 2.30,' Jill said, 'and (wait) for five minutes, but you (not, come).' 'What you (do) since then?' Jack (ask).
'I just (be) to the hairdresser's,' Jill answered brightly.

9. Translate into English.

A. 1. Целый вечер я печатаю. Я уже напечатала десять страниц. 2. Мы пишем контрольную работу уже 45
минут. Некоторые студенты уже закончили ее. 3. Ты давно ждешь меня? - Нет, я только что пришел. 4. Чем вы
занимались сегодня утром? - Сажали деревья в саду.- Сколько деревьев вы посадили? - Семь. 5. Я перевожу
статью уже два часа, но еще не перевела ее.
B. 1. Вчера мы с Аней договорились пойти в кино. Я прождала ее полчаса у кинотеатра, но она не пришла. Я не
знаю, что с ней случилось. 2. Когда ты в последний раз видел Роберта? - Я не видел его уже две недели. 3. Как
долго ты женат? - Я женился три года назад. 4. Где ты отдыхал прошлым летом? - На Кавказе.- Сколько
времени ты там пробыл? - Около месяца. 5. Вчера я вернулся домой с работы в 6 часов, отдохнул около часа, а
затем пошел навестить друга. 6. Где ключ? Я ищу его уже полчаса. 7. Ты давно здесь находишься? - Я пришел
сюда час назад.- Ты встретил Виктора? - Да, мы поговорили с ним минут десять, и он ушел. 8. Сколько времени
у тебя этот автомобиль? - Пять лет. 9. Сколько времени вы живете в Минске? - С 1978 года.
C. — Вас ждет мистер Смит.
— Он давно ждет?
— Около двадцати минут.
— Пусть войдет.
— Где письма? Я хочу отправить их сегодня.
— Секретарь только что их принесла. Она печатала целый день.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
— Могу я поговорить с мистером Вороновым?
— Боюсь, что нет. Он только что вышел.
— Давай сходим в кино. Мы не были в кино уже целую вечность.
— Хорошая идея. Ник говорит, что он видел интересный детектив в кинотеатре "Москва". Хочешь посмотреть
его?
— Да, я очень люблю детективы.
— Когда ты окончил институт?
— В 1990 году.
— Сколько времени ты работаешь на этом заводе?
— Пять лет.
— Где ты работал раньше?
— В научно-исследовательском институте.

The Past Perfect Tense

Form
had + past participle
Use Example

Situations and states before the past We'd lived next to the gym for a couple of months before 1 decided to
join.
Completed actions before a moment in the I'd already bought the computer game when 1 saw it was cheaper in
past another shop.
Completed actions where the important thing We didn't feel like playing Scrabble because we had just finished a
is the result at a moment in the past long game of Monopoly.

There is often little or no difference in meaning between the past perfect simple and the past simple.
We'd lived next to the gym for a couple of months before I decided to join.
We lived next to the gym for a couple of months before I decided to join.
• After we have used the past perfect simple once, we often then use the past simple instead of continuing to use the past
perfect.
I had already had one flying lesson, which was great fun, and I knew immediately that I wanted to get my pilot's licence.
• Phrases such as It was the first/second/etc time... are followed by the past perfect simple.
It was the second time I'd been on a plane.
Past Perfect Continuous
Form
statement: I/You/He/She /It/ We/They had been playing...
negative: I/You/He/She/It/We/They hadn't been playing...
question: Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been playing... ?
Use Example

Actions continuing up to a moment in the past When you saw us, we had been running for six miles - and we still had
a mile to go!
Actions stopping just before a moment in the Sarah looked tired because she had been exercising all the morning.
past

1. Make up sentences using the words in brackets:

e.g. I wasn't hungry, (I/just/have/lunch)
I had just had lunch.
1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived. (he/just/go out) 2. We arrived at the cinema late. (the film/already/begin) 3. They
weren't eating when I went to see them. (they/just/finish/their dinner) 4. I invited Ann to dinner last night but she
couldn't come. (she/already/arrange/to do smth. else) 5. I was very pleased to see Nora after such a long time.
(I/not/see/her/for 5 years) 6. I knew the actor well. (I/see/him/ in/ many plays) 7. Jane was busy in the kitchen.
(she/not/cook/dinner/yet) 8. Robert was late for the lecture. (he/miss/the 8 o'clock train)

2. Join the sentences together. Do it as in the examples.

e.g. We came to the stadium. The football match started.
When we came to the stadium the football match had already started.
1. She phoned me. I packed my luggage. 2. I found her carriage. She got off the train. 3. I returned home. The guests
left. 4. We got to the station. Our train went out. 5. I came home. My son went to the cinema. 6. I phoned Lucy. She left
the house.
e.g. The inspector examined my suitcases. I went to the train.
After the inspector had examined my suitcases I went to the train.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
1. He had dinner. He went to the movies. 2. She wrote the letter. She went to the post-office. 3. He finished work. He
left the office. 4. He saw his friend off. Then he returned home. 5. She felt well. She took some pills.
e.g. The rain stopped. We went out.
The rain had stopped before we went out.
1. She got off the-train. I reached the platform. 2. She passed all her exams. She left for Moscow. 3. I listened to the
news. I began to do my exercises. 4. She studied English well. She went to London. 5. We returned home. It got dark.
e.g. I booked a ticket. I phoned Bill.
As soon as I had booked a ticket I phoned Bill.
1. He reserved a room at the hotel. He went to the post-office. 2. He paid the bill. He left the hotel. 3. She finished
work. She went out for a walk. 4. I cooked dinner. I began to lay the table. 5. I did the test. I left the Institute.
e.g. Mr Jones came home. His son repaired the TV set.
By the time Mr Jones came home his son had repaired the TV set.
1. The boss returned. The secretary typed the documents. 2. I got to the station at 6. My friend bought the tickets. 3. He
came home. His wife made supper. 4. She phoned me. I packed my suitcases. 5. We reached the station. The train left.

3. Complete the following:

e.g. By five o'clock yesterday...
By five o'clock yesterday I had translated the article.
1. By the end of the month.... 2. ... by 1992. 3. ... by 6 o'clock. 4. By the beginning of the year... . 5. By 8 o'clock ... .
6. By January ... . 7. ... by the end of the lesson.

4. Complete the situations:

e.g. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/hard/all day)
He had been studying hard all day.
1. When I entered the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. Somebody (smoke). 2. When Mary came
back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie in the sun too long) 3. The two boys came into the
house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play) 4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She
was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she/dream) 5. The streets were wet. (it/rain)

5. Make your own sentences for these situations:

e.g. It was 3 o'clock when Jill went out to look for her son and 6 o'clock when she found him.
Jill had been looking for her son for 3 hours before she found him.
1. Roger Morgan got his first job in the film industry when he was 20. He made his first film when he was 25. 2. Roy
started studying for his doctorate when he was 25. He got it when he was 30. 3. Mary started in the shop when she was
19. When she was 29 she became the manageress. 4. Miss Roach began her driving lessons in January 1992. She didn't
pass her test until January 1993. 5. She started the composition at 8 in the evening. She gave it up at midnight and went
to bed. 6. Roger went to the bus stop at 7. It was 7.30 when the bus came. 7. You ordered the meal at 2, and the waiter
brought it at 3. 8. They went for a walk in the park at 11. It was 12 when it began to rain. 9. Peter and I arranged to meet
at 6 but he came only at 6.30. 10. The programme was interesting. I started to watch TV at 9 when the telephone rang at
10.

6. Put the verb into the proper form.

A. 1. Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He (run). 2. I tried to catch Tom but I couldn't. He (run/very
fast). 3. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He (look) for his cigarette lighter. 4. We (walk) along the road for
about 20 minutes, when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift. 5. When I arrived everyone was sitting round the
table with their mouths full. They (eat). 6. When I arrived, Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because
she (wait) for a long time.
B. 1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed. 2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go)
straight to bed. 3. I had been looking for my textbook for an hour when at last I (find) it in the laboratory. 4. Mary
looked happy. She said she (find) her ring. 5. Julia (not, finish) work when Jim got to the office. 6. I (finish) my
homework at 6 and went out for a walk. 7. Jane (wash) the dishes, dried them and put them into the cupboard. 8. Tom
called me this afternoon and invited me to go out for a walk, but I couldn't as I (not, wash) the windows yet.
C. 1. Deborah, woke up with a terrible headache because she and Arthur (hold) a party the night before. 2. When Peter
(go) along the street he (see) a friend of his whom he (not, meet) for a long time. 3. I (not fall asleep) yet when I (hear)
the sound of the bell. 4. I (speak) to the woman because I (think) I (meet) her somewhere before. 5. When we (get) to
the station, we (find) that the 8 o'clock train already (leave) and we had to wait until the next train came in. While I
(wait) I (read) a newspaper. 6. As soon as they (go), I (go) straight to bed. 7. When I (get) back to the shop, they (sell)
the book I wanted. 8. He (be) tired because he (work) in the garden all day. 9. First she (open) the parcel, and then she
(read) the letter. 10. They (sit) there for more than an hour when the taxi finally (arrive). 11. They (leave) the room as
soon as he (finish) speaking. 12. He quickly (forget) all he (learn) at school. 13. When we (come) to Harpole, the
Smiths already (live) there for ten years. 14. He (tell) me that he (fish) in the river every weekend for the last two years
but he never (catch) anything. 15. As soon as she (hear) the news, she (phone) her mother. 16. When he (look) around
he (understand) that he (get off) at the wrong station.17. Jack (do) his work by 8 o'clock. He (go) out into the street. The
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Revision of tenses, first year.
weather (be) fine. It (stop) snowing and the moon (shine) high in the sky. 18. Errol and his girlfriend, Judy, were very
excited because Judy's father (manage) to get them two tickets for the football Cup Final at Wembley Stadium. They
(catch) an early train to London and (spend) the morning looking round the shops. They (arrive) at Wembley at two
o'clock and (join) the queue to get in. Imagine their horror at the turnstile when they (realise) they (leave) the tickets at
home.

7. Translate into English.

A. 1. Когда я пришел к Виктору, его не было дома. Он ушел на вокзал встречать своего приятеля. 2. Туристы
ждали автобус очень долго, и когда он подошел, было уже очень поздно, и им уже никуда не хотелось ехать. 3.
Когда я рассказал ему все, то он понял, что случилась. 4. Она посмотрела на часы. Было около 12. Она ра-
ботала над докладом в течение 6 часов. 5. К концу июня я сдал все экзамены и был свободен. 6. В пятницу его
не было на работе. Накануне он уехал в командировку. 7. Когда я позвонил Николаю, я узнал, что он уже 2
недели болеет. 8. Я работал на заводе до того, как поступил в институт. 9. Собрание еще не началось, когда мы
пришли. 10. Когда я вернулся домой, дети уже спали. Жена сказала, что они спят с 9 часов. 11. Виктор сказал,
что он заказал номер в гостинице «Украина». 12. Он жил три года за границей до того, как приехал в Минск.
B. 1. Oна поссорилась с моим мужем десять минут назад. 2. На старой даме было бархатное платье, которое не
видело света двадцать лет. 3. Гости ушли. Теперь они сидели одни перед камином в гостиной. 4. Люди, которых
она встречала по дороге домой, улыбались ей и спрашивали, как она провела отпуск. 5. Я думаю, он показал
мне около тридцати картин. Это был результат шести лет, в течение которых он рисовал. 6. Она больше не
получала от него писем. Он перестал писать за три года до этого. 7. Я переписал письмо от Элизы, положил его
в конверт и пошел на почту. Снег уже прекратился. Когда я вернулся, я выпил чаю и сел к пианино. 8. Она
изучала искусство рисования три года, прежде чем стала работать в издательстве. Когда я попросил ее сделать
иллюстрации к моей книге, она заканчивала иллюстрировать свою первую книгу. 9. Когда я вчера принимала
ванну, как всегда, зазвонил телефон. 10. Перед отъездом мы зашли к миссис Чандлер. Мы не видели ее
некоторое время, и моя сестра заметила, она сильно изменилась. 11. Не успели они проехать и пяти миль, как
их остановила полиция. 12. Он путешествовал уже два дня, но выглядел свежим и не чувствовал усталости. 13.
Буря утихла, небо прояснилось, и опять светило солнце. 14. Мистер Мэтлок посмотрел на своего сына, его
взгляд смягчился. 15. Прошлым летом я посетила места, где я провела детство. Деревца, которые отец посадил,
когда я была еще ребенком, стали теперь большими высокими деревьями.

The Future Continuous Tense

Form will/won't + be + -ing form

Use Example

I Actions in progress at a point in the future This time next week, I'll be taking my biology exam.

Habits or repeated actions at a point in the future In the future, we'll all be flying around using jet-packs.

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Form
will/won't + have + been + -ing form
Use Example

Actions in progress up to a point in the At seven o'clock, I'll have been doing my chemistry homework for three
future hours!

1. Make sentences with the Future Perfect.

Eg. Tom and Ann are going to the cinema. The film begins at 7.30 and it is already 7.20 and it will take them 20
minutes to get there.
When they get there, the film will have already started.
1. Jim goes to bed at 11 o'clock. Tom is going to visit him at 11.30 this evening. When Tom arrives, Jim (go) to bed. 2.
Dick is on holiday. He has very little money and he is spending too much too quickly. Before the end of his holiday he
(spend) all his money. 3. Mike came to Britain from the US nearly three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three
years since he arrived. Next Monday he (be) in Britain exactly three years. 4.1 know Janet Smith. By the end of the
month I (know) her a whole year. 5. The train arrives at 6. Peter thinks it arrives at 6.30. It is 6 o'clock now. Peter is on
his way to the station to meet his mother. By the time he reaches the station his mother (get) off the train.

2. Make one sentence with either by or until for each situation.

Eg. All the men in the factory are working. The whistle blows at 4.
They will work until 4.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
Sometimes the boss goes home at 5.30, but he never goes home later than six.
He'll have gone home by 6.
1. Richard is watching a programme that ends at 9. He wants to go to bed then. 2. The latest possible time Richard can
get up is 7.30. 3. That bus never leaves later than 8. 4. Old Mr Howard is reading a very good book in the library. It
closes in a few minutes, at 9. 5. Mr Jackson is staying at a hotel. He will leave on Friday. 6. Some students are sitting in
the language laboratory at the Institute. The lesson ends at 3 o'clock. 7. The professor sometimes comes at 9.15 and
never later than 9.30. 8. It is the middle of the morning and Lawrence Morrel is writing. He always has lunch at 12. 9.
Lawrence may finish today at 4, certainly, not later than 4.30. 10. Lawrence is waiting for some money from his
publisher. The publisher has told him that it will arrive not later than Tuesday.

3. Answer the questions using the prompts.

Eg. Have you been waiting for two hours? (midday) By midday I'll have been waiting for three hours.
1. Have you been learning English for three years? July 2. Have they been staying here for five weeks? Monday 3. Have
you been living here for nineteen years? Christmas 4. Has he been playing tennis for three hours? tea time 5. Has she
been studying in London for a year? next June 6. Has he been sleeping for eight hours? breakfast time 7. Have I been
talking non-stop for an hour? seven o'clock
Eg. Can you tell me what you want to do by Monday? decide
No. I won't have decided by then.
1. Can Sid bring the car back tomorrow? repair 2. Can they go to Spain on Tuesday? finish school 3. Shall we have
breakfast at seven? wake up 4. Can we leave in ten minutes' time? eat 5. Shall I go to meet the plane at two o'clock?
land 6. Can you let me know on Saturday? make up one's mind

4. Use the Future Perfect or the Future Perfect Continuous.

1. We (finish) this exercise by 8 o'clock. 2. We are late. The lesson (start) by now. 3. By the end of March he (live) here
for three years. 4. Young Billy is growing up. By this time next year he (begin) school. 5. They will be tired when they
get there. They (travel) all day. 6. She (have) lunch by the time we arrive. 7. They (build) the road by the end of the
year. 8. I (spend) all my money by tomorrow. 9. We (fly) for twelve hours by the time the plane lands. 10. The play
(begin) before we reach the theatre. 11. Before the end of the year they (complete) the project. 12. I (work) for this
company non-stop for thirty years by the end of October. 13. By the end of this month we (learn) this language for ten
years. 14. When my daughter goes to school we (live) here for over five years. 15. When the new century begins, they
(reconstruct) this church for nearly 25 years. 16. We can get there at 7 at the earliest. They will be painting the fence. If
we arrive at 8.30, they (paint) it for 3 hours at least; and if we come at 9.30, they probably (finish) the work.

5. Translate into English.

A. 1. Завтра к двум часам мы уже сдадим все экзамены. 2. К тому времени, как вы вернетесь, я уже уеду. 3. Если
вы позвоните в восемь часов, то они еще не приедут. 4. Они надеются, что отремонтируют квартиру к осени. 5.
Мы напишем статью к утру, но мы еще не закончим иллюстрации. 6. Я окончу школу к лету. 7. Надеюсь, что я
найду работу к концу года. 8. Мы уверены, что узнаем новости к вечеру. 9. Если вы придете до девяти часов
утра, то они еще не уйдут. 10. Она накроет на стол до того, как придут гости.
В. К тому времени как встанет солнце завтра утром, мы уже два часа будем лететь над Атлантическим
Океаном. 2. К первому сентября этого года я уже десять лет буду изучать английский язык. 3. Ей понадобится
отдых. Она весь день будет работать. 4 . К концу года мы будем жить в Москве уже двадцать лет. 5. Когда
приедет полиция, Эрик уже три часа будет ехать в Техас. 6. К тому времени как дети вернутся из школы, их
мама уже несколько часов будет работать в саду. 7. В июле будет год, как я живу в этом городе.
С. 1. К тому времени, как он окончит университет, его родители проработают в Южной Африке два года. 2. Мы
будем рекламировать эти товары несколько месяцев к тому времени, как они появятся на рынке. 3. На будущий
год к этому времени она будет изучать французский уже два года. 4. К тому времени, когда она приедет, я уже
буду жить здесь в течение двух лет. 5. К тому времени, как ты вернешься, я буду писать уже третий портрет. 6.
Сколько времени они будут показывать этот фильм, пока ты не привезешь новый?

Reported speech / reported questions

Direct speech Reported Example
speech
present past simple “I need a credit card,”' said Tim. Tim said he needed a credit card.
simple
present past '” I'm taking Lizzie shopping,” said Tim. Tim said he was taking Lizzie shopping.
continuous continuous
present past perfect “I've bought Tom a present,” said Tim. Tim said he'd bought Tom a present
perfect
present present perfect “I’ve been thinking about buying a new car,” said Tim.
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Revision of tenses, first year.
perfect continuous Tim said he'd been thinking about buying a car.
continuous
past simple past perfect “I spent six euros,” said Tim. Tim said he'd spent six euros.
past past perfect 7 “I was hoping to find a new top,” said Tim.
continuous continuous T Tim said he'd been hoping to find a new top.
past perfect past perfect 'I'd looked everywhere for my credit card before I found it, 'said Tim.
Tim said he'd looked everywhere for his credit card before he found it.
past perfect past perfect “I’d been looking for that book for weeks before I found it,' said Tim.
continuous continuous T Tim said he'd been looking for that book for weeks before he found it.
will would I'll need a credit card, 'said Tim. Tim said he would need a credit card.
must / have to must / had to “I must go to the supermarket,' said Tim.
T Tim said he must/had to go to the supermarket.

With reported speech, we also usually have to change words and phrases connected to time and place. These changes
include:

Direct speech Reported speech Example

here there 'I usually shop here,' said Tim. Tim said he usually shopped there.
now/at the moment then/at that moment 'I'm shopping at the moment, 'said Tim.
Tim said he was shopping then / at that moment.
tomorrow the next/following day 'I'm going shopping tomorrow, 'said Tim.
Tim said he was going shopping the next/following day.
tonight that night 'I'm going shopping tonight, 'said Tim.
Tim said he was going shopping that night.
next week/month/ the following week/ 'I'm going shopping next week, 'said Tim.
year month/year Tim said he was going shopping the following week.
yesterday the day before /the I went shopping yesterday,' said Tim.
previous day Tim said he'd been shopping the day before / the previous day.
last week/month/ the week/month/year I went shopping last week,' said Tim.
year before / the previous Tim said he'd been shopping the week before/the previous week.
week/month/year
ago before / previously I went shopping two days ago, 'said Tim.
Tim said he'd been shopping two days before/previously.

• We do not need to make any changes to time words/phrases when the information is still true at the moment of
speaking/writing.
I'm going shopping tomorrow, 'said Tim to Ben.
Ben immediately called Lizzie and said, 'Tim said he's going shopping tomorrow.'

Reported questions
Direct speech Reported speech Example

have, do, be or modal use if or whether “Can you get me an ice cream,” Tom asked Tim.
(ie yes/no questions) Tim asked Tom if/ whether he could get him an ice cream.
what, who, which, what, who, which, when, “Why did you buy these shoes?” asked Tim.
when, where, why and where, why and how Tim asked me why 1 had bought those shoes.
how
1. Alan is thinking of buying a car. He asks his colleague Bill, a number of questions, which Bill later reports to another
car-owner.
A: Have you (got) a car?
B: He asked me if I had a car.
1. What kind of car have you (got)? 2. What does it cost to run it? 3. How many kilometres does it do to the litre? 4.
Does it belong to you or you and your wife? 5. Can your wife drive? 6. Is she a safe driver? 7. How many kilometres do
you drive; a month? 8. Did you pass your test the first time? 9. Do you think driving tests are any use? 10. Do you give
lifts? 11. How long have you been driving? 12. Have you ever had an accident? 13. Was it your own fault? 14. Do you
do your own repairs? 15. Do you always wear a safety belt? 16. Do you take the car to work? 17. Are you thinking of
getting a new car? 18. Do you let your wife take the car shopping?
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Revision of tenses, first year.
2. Mrs Adams, who is rather inquisitive, wants to know about Mrs Brown's new tenant. Mrs Brown reports the
questions to her husband.
A: Who is he?
B: She asked me who he was.
A: What does he do for a living?
B: She asked me what he did for a living.
1. How long has he been here? 2. Where does he come from? 3. Does he teach in the Technical College? 4. How long
has been working there? 5. Is he married? 6. Where is his wife? 7. Does he get many letters? 8. Where do his letters
come from? 9. Where does he do his shopping? 10. Does he do his own cooking? 11. Do you clean his flat? 12. Has he
a car? 13. Does he ever speak to you? 14. What does he do in the evenings? 15. Does he go away at the weekends? 16.
Does he wear a wig? 17. Why has he shaved off his beard? 18. Is he thinking of buying a house here? 19. Do you like
him? 20. What do your other tenants think of him?
3. Report the following utterances.
Mike to Peter: I'm taking my exam in June. Will you also take your exam in June?
Mike told Peter he was taking his exam in June and asked whether Peter would also take his exam in June.
1. Robert to Lucy: Yalta is a wonderful place. Have you ever been there? 2. Mary to Kate: The day is lovely. Shall we
go for a walk? 3. Bob to Alec: I've bought a new suit. Would you like to see it? 4. Mrs Smith to her friend: You look
pale. Have you been ill? 5. Mrs Brown to Kate: Mary is at the Institute. Will you see her there? 6. Jack to his brother:
Mike was at home in the evening. Did you phone him? 7. Mary to Steve: You speak English fluently. Did you study it
long? 8. Helen to her sister: Mary has already returned. Have you seen her? 9. Mike to Peter: Lucy is worried. Have you
sent her a letter? 10. Jack to Helen: I took an interesting book from our library. Do you want to read it? 11. George to
Alec: I am fond of tennis. Can you play tennis? 12. Bob to Lucy: The train is leaving in an hour. Must I take a taxi? 13.
Nick to Victor: I'm learning French. Can you speak French? 14. Betty to her mother: I have a headache. Can I have an
aspirin? 15. Mike to Helen: We are going for a walk. Will you join us? 16. Mr Brown to his son: The task is difficult.
Can I help you? 17. John to Mary: It's time to start. Have you packed everything? 18. Kitty to the doctor: I feel well.
May I go out?
The hotel is full up. Why didn't you reserve a room in advance?
The clerk said the hotel was full up and asked why Mr Smith hadn't reserved a room in advance.
1. Mr Brown to his wife: I've been waiting for you for half an hour. When will you be ready? 2. Bob to his mother: I'm
very hungry. When can I have dinner? 3. Peter to his sister: I must write some letters. What date is it? 4. Bob to his
brother: I want to speak to Mike. When will he come? 5. Alec to Steve: Jane is leaving for London. How long will she
stay there? 6. Lucy to Dick: You look tired. What have you been doing? 7. Mrs Smith to her husband: You look ill.
When will you consult the doctor? 8. Helen to Ann: Bill is going abroad. When is he leaving?
How long have you been studying Spanish? Your accent is good.
Peter asked Mary how long she had been studying Spanish and added that her accent was good.
1. Harry to Donald: Where are the Greens spending their holidays? They usually go to the seaside. 2. Mrs White to her
friend: What time does the concert start? I think it's time to go. 3. Jack to Lucy: What time is it? My watch has stopped.
4. Mary to her sister: Why don't you want to phone Helen? She is always ready to help. 5. Mike to Nick: What suit will
you take? I'd like to have the grey one. 6. Mr Brown to his son: Where have you put my umbrella? I can't find it
anywhere. 7. The teacher to Alec: Why can't you answer at once? You are always so slow.
4. Translate from Russian into English.
А. 1. Я думал, что ты занят. 2. Мы сказали, что хотели пойти в оперу. 3. Мы надеялись, что вы умеете плавать.
4. Она заявила (announce), что хочет идти с нами. 5. Том спросил, сколько раз в неделю мы занимаемся
английским. 6. Врач сказал, что я должен остаться дома. 7. Мне было жаль, что ему пришлось остаться дома. 8.
Она сказала, что любит исторические романы. 9. Я не знал, что он живет на этой улице. 10. Петр сказал, что
музей сегодня закрыт. 11. Я думал, что моя сестра хорошо их знает. 12. Он решил, что его товарищи все еще
играют в шахматы. 13. Она сказала, что они обычно встают в 8 часу. 14. Я не знала, что вы тоже любите
музыку.
В. 1. Ты знал, что он уехал за город? 2. Она мне не сказала, что говорила с вами. 3. Мама сказала, что они уже
пообедали. 4. Генри спросил меня, где я достал эту книгу. 5. Он позвонил на вокзал и узнал, что поезд уже
ушел. 6. Сказала ли вам Ольга, что oна приняла ваше предложение? 7. Она отрицала, что говорила с Ниной. 8.
Неужели он знал, что дети ушли в лес? 9. Она думала, что он уже окончил институт. 10. Том сказал, что видел
этот фильм.
С. 1. Она говорила, что примет участие в работе. 2. Мать надеялась, что сын вернете через неделю. 3. Мы
сказали, что вернемся через час. 4. Он полагал, что они будут работать вместе. 5. Мы надеялись, что вечером
сможем пойти в кино. 6. Я не знал, что твои друзья поедут отдыхать без тебя. 7. Отец сказал нам, что мы будем
делать в субботу. 8. Они сказали, что лекция начнется в 5 часов. 9. Мы им сказали, что не будем ждать их. 10. Я
думаю, что у каждого из нас будет месяц отпуска летом.
D. 1. Когда Павел сел в автобус, он вспомнил, что оставил дома свой проездной билет. 2. Вчера я спросил
своего сынишку, где его велосипед. Я был потрясен, когда он сообщил мне, что продал его своему приятелю. 3.
Когда Петр получил обратно свою работу, то он пожалел, что не занимался лучше. 4. Я попросил друга
поторопиться, так как я боялся, что мы опоздаем на (пропустим) автобус. 5. Когда лодка перевернулась, я был
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Revision of tenses, first year.
счастлив, что мой друг умел плавать. 6. Когда Нина упала, то она была уверена, что слома ла палец. 7. Когда я
спросил Юлию, хочет ли она пойти на вечер, она ответила, что не может, так как должна присмотреть за
сестренкой. 8. Когда я пришел в офис, я поинтересовался, где Джек. Секретарь сказала, что он уехал в
Шеффилд навестить свою сестру. 9. Мама спросила меня, буду ли я дома вовремя к обеду. Я ответил, что буду
дома около пяти часов. 10. Я спросила нашего гида, был ли он когда-либо в Японии. Он ответил, что был там
несколько раз.
Commands, Requests, and Suggestions in the Indirect Speech.

Reporting verbs used to report:

order — order; request — ask, beg; instruction — tell, advice — advise; reminder — remind; warning — warn;
invitation — invite; suggestion — suggest; offer — offer; permission — allow; prohibition — forbid; persuasion —
persuade; recommendation — recommend.
1. A supervisor is giving instructions to a group of exam students.
One of these, Bill, reports the instructions after the exam.
a) A: Sit at the numbered desks.
B: He told us to sit at the numbered desks.
b) A: Don't smoke.
B: He told/warned us not to smoke.
1. Hang up your coats. 2. Don't write in the margin. 3. Put your name on each sheet. 4. Read the questions carefully. 5.
Start each question on a fresh sheet. 6. Answer the questions in order. 7. Don't spend too much time on the first
question. 8. Don't talk to your neighbour. 9. Don't try to copy your neighbour's answers. 10. Keep to the point. 11.
Watch the time. 12. Be careful about your spelling. 13. Write clearly. 14. Count the number of words in your essays. 15.
Look over your work before you hand it in. 16. Number your sheets. 17. Tie the sheets together. 18. Go out quietly
when you've finished. 19. Don't take any paper out of the room. 20. Come back at two o'clock.
2. Mr Jones calls Ann into his office and gives her some instructions. She then returns to the main office and tells
a colleague what she has been asked to do.
A: Would you please file these letters?
B: He asked/told me to file these letters.
Would you please...
1. copy this contract? 2. correct this spelling mistake? 3. add something to this letter? 4. pin up these notices in the
canteen? 5. look up our MP's address? 6. order some more paperclips? 7. contact our American branch? 8. send this
report to our head office? 9. check these figures? 10. bring your tape-recorder to the meeting? 11. type out a full report?
12. put these documents in the safe? 13. lock the safe? 14. leave the key on my desk? 15. take these books back to the
library? 16. buy some flowers for my wife? 17. tell my wife I won't be home tonight? 18. remind the cleaners to empty
my ash-tray? 19. advertise for a new office boy? 20. book two plane tickets for New York?
3. Bill is at his office where he has just heard that he has won £200,000. Ann, his secretary, and Tom, a colleague, are
giving him advice which he later reports to a friend he meets on the train home.
A (= Ann): Why don't you give up your job?
B: Ann advised me to give up my job.
A (= Tom): Don't do anything in a hurry.
B: Tom warned me not to do anything in a hurry.
1. You should send out for a bottle of champagne. 2. You'd better wait till lunchtime. (Tom) 3. Why don't you spend
£5,000 on a terrific holiday? (Ann) 4. Invite all your friends to a party. (Ann) 5. Don't begin entertaining lavishly.
(Tom) 6. You'd better give some of it to a charity. (Ann) 7. Don't offer to help everyone. (Tom) 8. You should get a new
car. (Ann) 9. Why don't you visit your sister in Australia? (Tom) 10. You should buy presents for your wife and the
children. (Ann)
4. Translate into English.
1. Вчера у меня был выходной день. Я предложила Ане сходить в кино, но она отказалась, сказав, что гото-
вится к экзамену по немецкому языку. Мы договорились, что сходим в кино на следующей неделе. 2. Препо-
даватель спросил меня, почему я пропустил так много занятий. Я ответил, что я уезжал в командировку. 3.
Когда я собирался уходить, мой брат напомнил мне, чтобы в следующий раз я принес ему свой русско-
испанский словарь. Он сказал, что ему нужно перевести статью по электронике. Я ответил, что приду к нему
через два дня и пообещал, что не забуду о его просьбе. 4. Когда я вернулся домой, мой сын уже спал. Я хотел
поговорить с ним, но жена сказала, чтобы я не будил его, потому что он очень устал, так как целый вечер чинил
автомобиль. 5. Врач посоветовал мне, чтобы я проводил больше времени на свежем воздухе и не ложился спать
поздно. 6. Нина поинтересовалась, пойду ли я на вечер, и я ответила, что пойду.

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