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EE2204-Ch3

The document discusses feedback amplifiers, detailing the differences between negative and positive feedback, with a focus on their advantages and disadvantages. It explains key concepts such as ideal closed-loop signal gain, gain sensitivity, and bandwidth extension, as well as the four basic feedback topologies. The document also covers the series-shunt configuration and its impact on input resistance and output resistance in feedback systems.

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21 views17 pages

EE2204-Ch3

The document discusses feedback amplifiers, detailing the differences between negative and positive feedback, with a focus on their advantages and disadvantages. It explains key concepts such as ideal closed-loop signal gain, gain sensitivity, and bandwidth extension, as well as the four basic feedback topologies. The document also covers the series-shunt configuration and its impact on input resistance and output resistance in feedback systems.

Uploaded by

mussiegirmay27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog Electronics II

By Abreha Teklu (MSc. In Microelectronics Engineering)

1
Chapter Three
Feedback Amplifiers

2
Introduction
 Feedback can be either negative or positive.
 In negative feedback, a portion of the output signal is subtracted from
the input signal;
 In positive feedback, a portion of the output signal is added to the
input signal.
 Negative feedback, for example, tends to maintain a constant value of
amplifier voltage gain against variations in transistor parameters, supply
voltages, and temperature.
 Positive feedback is used in the design of oscillators.

3
Advantages and Disadvantages of Negative Feedback

Advantages
• Decreased gain sensitivity
• Bandwidth extension
• Decreased noise sensitivity
• Reduction of nonlinear distortion
• Control of impedance levels
Disadvantages
• Decreased circuit gain.
• Stability: There is a possibility that the feedback circuit may become
unstable (oscillate) at high frequencies
4
Basic feedback concepts
• In the diagram, the various signals S can be either currents or
voltages.

Fig 3.1: Basic configuration of a feedback amplifier

5
Ideal Closed-Loop Signal Gain

6
• Where T is the loop gain. T is positive for negative feedback.
So=ASε
BSo=BASε
T = Aβ =Sfb/Sε
Normally, the error signal is small; therefore, Af=1/β

7
Gain sensitivity

8
• Above equation shows that the percent change in the closed-loop
gain Af is less than the corresponding percent change in the open-
loop gain A by the factor (1+βA).
• The change in open-loop gain may result from variations in individual
transistor parameters in the basic amplifier.

9
Bandwidth extension

10
Ideal feedback topologies
• There are four basic feedback topologies, based on the parameter to be amplified (voltage or
current) and the output parameter (voltage or current).
• The four feedback circuit categories can be described by the types of connections at the input and
output of circuit.
• The four connections are referred to as:
• series–shunt (voltage amplifier),
• shunt–series (current amplifier),
• series–series (transconductance amplifier), and
• shunt–shunt (transresistance amplifier).
• The first term refers to the connection at the amplifier input, and the second term refers to the
connection at the output.
• Also, the type of connection determines which parameter (voltage or current) is sampled at the
output and which parameter is amplified.
11
12
Series–Shunt Configuration

13
• An increase in the output voltage produces an increase in the
feedback voltage, which in turn decreases the error voltage due to
the negative feedback.
• Then, the smaller error voltage is amplified producing a smaller
output voltage, which means that the output signal tends to be
stabilized.

14
Input Resistance
• The input resistance including feedback is denoted by Rif,
Vi = Vε +Vfb= Vε +βvVo = Vε +βv(AvVε)
𝑉𝑖
Vε =
(1+𝛽𝑣𝐴𝑣)

• The input current is


Vε Vi
Ii = =
Ri Ri(1+βvAv)
• and the input resistance with feedback is then
V
Rif = i
Ii
= Ri(1+βvAv)

15
Output Resistance

16
Thanks?
17

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