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BIOLOGY INFOGRAPHICS

The document discusses Archaeopteryx, the first fossil link between birds and dinosaurs, highlighting its unique blend of reptilian and avian characteristics. It also covers the evolution of angiosperms during the Late Cretaceous, their coevolution with pollinating insects, and the debate surrounding their origins. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of these discoveries in understanding the evolutionary connections between species.

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Clark Roquid
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7 views

BIOLOGY INFOGRAPHICS

The document discusses Archaeopteryx, the first fossil link between birds and dinosaurs, highlighting its unique blend of reptilian and avian characteristics. It also covers the evolution of angiosperms during the Late Cretaceous, their coevolution with pollinating insects, and the debate surrounding their origins. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of these discoveries in understanding the evolutionary connections between species.

Uploaded by

Clark Roquid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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jurassic

PERI D
wing claw
(reptilian character) toothed beak
(reptilian character)

airfoil wing with


contour wing feathers
(avian character)

long tail with


many vertebrae
(reptilian character)
Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx
- First found the fossil on limestone in Germany in 1961.
- Scientific name means ancient feather/wing.
- The only fossil link between birds and dinosaurs.
The characteristics of both a reptile and a bird with
feathers and feet of a bird and a reptile's features such as
a wishbone, pointy teeth in jaws, long bony tail, and an
ankle merged in a shin bone.
- It was neither a bird or a reptile. It's rather a missing
link between the two groups
Archaeopteryx lived in the Late Jurassic around 150
million years ago, in what is now southern Germany and
Portugal, when Europe was an archipelago of islands in a
shallow warm tropical sea closer to the equator than it is
now.
fossils of an Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx had more in common with other small
Mesozoic dinosaurs than with modern birds. In
particular, they shared the following features with the
dromaeosaurids and troodontids: jaws with sharp teeth,
three fingers with claws, a long bony tail, hyperextensible
second toes ("killing claw"), feathers (which also suggest
warm-bloodedness), and various features of the skeleton.

Evolution of Birds from Dinosaurs


Archaeopteryx is a breakthrough in understanding how claws of an Archaeopteryx
birds evolved over time.
250 million years ago when dinosaurs haven't yet become
truly dinosaurs, there were a group of reptiles called
Archosaurs that has characteristics like turtles, snakes,
and lizards.
After millions of years one of its lineages branched to
become dinosaurs, the other one became crocodiles, and
the last one emerged as pterosaurs or flying reptiles.
At the time of Darwin, fossils are found and observed,
wishbone and clavicles are missing in some fossils which
is hard to believe that would get lost in the natural
selection and will suddenly re-evolve itself out of
existence
Hence the theory that birds aren't descendent of
dinosaurs, based on the clavicles that birds have and
dinosaurs who lost them.
New studies were executed and it reveals that furcula are
delicate bones that might not get preserved well in
fossils.
In the 1990s and they saw how many of the fossils have
feathers which created a link between dinosaurs and
birds and the similarity that started from Archaeopteryx size of an Archaeopteryx
which is why knowing its existence became a compared to a human
breakthrough for this linkage of the evolution of birds
and dinosaurs
cretaceous
PERI D

petals

leaves

stem
Angiosperm
Angiosperm
- Angiosperms evolved during the Late Cretaceous
Period, about 125-100 million years ago.

- As angiosperms evolved in the Cretaceous period, many


modern groups of insects also appeared, including
pollinating insects that drove the evolution of
angiosperms; in many instances, flowers and their
pollinators have coevolved.

- Flowers have a wide array of colors, shapes, and smells,


all of which are for the purpose of attracting pollinators.
fossils of evidence
of an Angiosperm, -Angiosperms did not evolve from gymnosperms, but
leaf print to Ficus speciosissima instead evolved in parallel with the gymnosperms;
however, it is unclear as to what type of plant actually
gave rise to angiosperms.

- Fossil evidence indicates that flowering plants first


appeared in the Lower Cretaceous, about 125 million
years ago, and were rapidly diversifying by the Middle
Cretaceous, about 100 million years ago.

- A few early Cretaceous rocks show clear imprints of


leaves resembling angiosperm leaves. By the mid-
Cretaceous, a staggering number of diverse, flowering
a flower and a pollinator
plants crowd the fossil record. The same geological
period is also marked by the appearance of many modern
groups of insects, including pollinating insects that
played a key role in ecology and the evolution of
flowering plants.

- Rather than being derived from gymnosperms,


angiosperms form a sister clade (a species and its
descendants) that developed in parallel with the
gymnosperms.

- Paleobotanists debate whether angiosperms evolved


from small woody bushes, or were basal angiosperms
related to tropical grasses.
-The most primitive living angiosperm is considered to
be Amborellatrichopoda, a small plant native to the
rainforest of New Caledonia, an island in the South
Pacific. Analysis of the genome of A. trichopoda has
shown that it is related to all existing flowering plants
and belongs to the oldest confirmed branch of the
angiosperm family tree.

- A few other angiosperm groups, known as basal


size of Angiosperms compared to angiosperms, are viewed as primitive because they
a human branched off early from the phylogenetic tree.

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