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English Docs Assignment

The document outlines various types of grammar, including Descriptive, Prescriptive, Functional, and others, each with its own definition, use, and examples. It highlights the differences in how language is understood, taught, and applied in different contexts. The content serves as an educational assignment for a Functional English course at the University of the Punjab Lahore.

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Khan Sardar
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6 views8 pages

English Docs Assignment

The document outlines various types of grammar, including Descriptive, Prescriptive, Functional, and others, each with its own definition, use, and examples. It highlights the differences in how language is understood, taught, and applied in different contexts. The content serves as an educational assignment for a Functional English course at the University of the Punjab Lahore.

Uploaded by

Khan Sardar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Agricultural Science

University of the Punjab Lahore

Name: Muhammad Salman


Roll No: BS-AGS-16-F-24
Semester: 1st Morning
Topic: Assignment (All types of English Grammar)
Subject: FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Submitted to: Prof. Rizwan Bhatti sb

TYPES OF GRAMMAR

1. Descriptive Grammar:

Definition:
Describes how language is actually used by speakers without judgment.
Use:
Focuses on understanding linguistic patterns and variations in real-world
usage.
Example:
Observing how people use double negatives.
e.g., "I don't know nothing."
(Descriptively valid in some dialects, though prescriptively incorrect.)
2. Perspective Grammar:

Definition:
Specifies rules for how language should be used according to established
norms.
Use:
Enforces standard language usage in formal contexts.

Example:
Avoiding split infinitives.
e.g., "to boldly go"
(prescriptively corrected as "to go boldly").

3. Functional Grammar:

Definition:
Explains grammar based on the functions of language, emphasizing
meaning and context.

Use:
Analyzes how language fulfills communication purposes.
Example:
Examining how word order changes meaning.
e.g., “He gave her the book” vs. “He gave the book to her.”

4. Theoretical Grammar:
Definition:
Studies the abstract structure and rules of language as part of linguistics.

Use:
Investigates the universal properties of languages.
Example:
Researching why all languages differentiate between subjects and
predicates.
e.g; “Marry is loved by John”.

5. Traditional Grammar:

Definition:

Based on classical linguistic frameworks, emphasizing Latin and Greek


influences.
Use:
Taught in schools to understand sentence structures.
Example:

Classifying sentences into subject, verb, and object.


Performing an action.
e.g; “The cat chased the mouse.”

6. Structural Grammar:

Definition:
Focuses on language as a system of structures and relationships (syntax,
morphology).
Use:

Breaks language into smaller components for analysis.


Example:
Analyzing a sentence using phrase structure rules.
e.g; “The boy ate an apple.”

7. Generative Grammar:

Definition:
A theory by Noam Chomsky that seeks to define the rules generating all
possible sentences in a language.

Use:
Explains the cognitive ability to form grammatically correct sentences.
Example:
Studying transformations, like forming questions: e.g; “You are going” →
“Are you going?”

8. Comparative Grammar:

Definition:

Studies similarities and differences between two or more languages.


Use:
Aids in translation and understanding linguistic universals.
Example:
Comparing English and Spanish sentence structure: e.g; “I eat bread” vs.
“Yo como pan.”

9. Transformational Grammar:

Definition:

A type of generative grammar that describes transformations between deep


and surface structures.
Use:
Explains how simple ideas turn into complex sentences.
Example:
Transforming and underlying idea is same.

e.g; “She sings beautifully” into “Does she sing beautifully?”

10. Pedagogical Grammar:

Definition:
Simplified grammar rules designed for teaching and learning languages.
Use:
Helps language learners understand and use grammar effectively.
Example:

Teaching basic tense structures to ESL learners:


e.g; “I eat,” “I ate,” “I will eat.”
11. Applied Grammar:

Definition:
Focuses on the practical application of grammar in real-world scenarios.
Use:
Used in professional communication, editing, and language development.
Example:

Proofreading for correct grammar in business email.


Improved clarity and professionalism.
e.g; “Let me know.”

12. Lexical Grammar:

Definition:
Examines how words and their meanings fit into grammatical structures.
Use:
Explains the relationship between vocabulary and syntax.

Example:
Discussing why “go swimming” uses a verb followed by a gerund. Focusing
on individual words.
e.g; “This success depends on your efforts.”

13. Contextual Grammar:


Definition:
Considers grammar rules within specific contexts or discourse.
Use:

Helps analyze how meaning changes with context.


Example:
Choosing between formal and informal grammar, e.g., “Do not go” vs.
“Don’t go.”

14. UniversalGrammar:

Definition:
Chomsky’s theory that all languages share a common underlying structure.
Use:

Explains why humans can learn any language.


Example:
The existence of subject-predicate relationships in all languages.
e.g; “ She eats apples.”

15. Formal Grammar:

Definition:
A mathematical and logical approach to grammar used in computer
science and linguistics.
Use:
Applies to programming languages and artificial intelligence.
Example:
Defining syntax rules for a programming language like Python or C++.
e.g; “ The expression 5+ (3*2) follow this rule.”

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