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SECTION 1 Questions 1-14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-7.

Manly Beaches
Next time you visit Manly, 30 minutes by ferry from the centre of Australia ’s
biggest city, Sydney, of these less famous beaches

A Fairy
Located in a marine protection the water is perfect for paddling,
snorkelling or even scuba diving. There is a small gift shop for unusual
souvenirs, and a kiosk that rents stand-up paddleboards. Buses do not stop
nearby so a walk is necessary.

B Steyne
This popular beach is a little the ferry than the main beach and
it always feels less crowded . North Steyne has professional lifeguards on duty,
but the surf can be hazardous so check conditions if swimming with young
ones. If you want to try surfing for the first time, Manly Surf School operates
out of the surf club located on the beach. Please note that boards reserved
for students and are not available for rent.

C
Del wood ’s secluded cove is a scenic walk from the ferry along the harbour
walkway. There are no shops, so bring a picnic and have a peaceful swim off
the rocks. You ’ II have the beach to yourself.

D Little Manly
This popular harbour beach has a net that encloses the swimming area. It is a
good option for families as the area makes it easy to keep an eye on
kids playing in the water. is also a large playground, a public barbecue
that anyone can use and toilet facilities, which make this a spot for a
family day out.

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Test 3

E East Esplanade
Located next to Manly Wharf, East Esplanade is a popular spot all day. There is
no beach closer to the than this Kayakers meet for a paddle
here as the sun rises, and daytrippers sit on the sand during the day. People get
together on the grass after work, and bring drinks, snacks and music to watch
the sun go down.

F Shelly Beach
This is the best spot if you don ’t like big waves. Rent a beach chair or head
straight to the Boathouse Cafe, the perfect place Please
note that Shelly Beach gets overly crowded at times, so avoid it on a sunny
weekend afternoon.

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Questions 1-7

Look at the six beach descriptions, A-F, on pages 63 and 64.

For which beaches are the following statements true?

Write the correct letter, boxes on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 You can buy food at this beach.

2 You can learn to do a sport at this beach.
3 This beach can be busy.
4 Adults can supervise their children without much difficulty at this beach.
5 This beach is nearest to public
6 People are employed to swimmers at this beach.
7 You can hire sports equipment at this beach.

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Test 3

Read the text below and answer Questions 8-14.

Sydney Water: advice for customers paying a bill

About your bill
Sydney Water services over five million people in greater Sydney, and if you own a
property, you'll get a bill from us. Generally, this is just for your water and wastewater
services, but there could be other charges. We send most bills quarterly, read
the meter. If your property has no meter, we send the bill at the start of each quarter.

When do we send the bill?

If you’d like monthly bills, simply ask us to read your meter monthly. It costs $32.52
a quarter to be billed this way and this additional fee will appear on the first bill each
quarter. To arrange it, just call us on 13 20 92.

What if you can’t

We understand that it might be hard to pay your bill. If you’re having we
have a range of options to help. If you receive a pension, we may give you a reduction
on your bill, but you must own and live in your home to qualify for this.

How can you get your billing history?

• Register for eBill. When you register for Sydney Water’s online billing facility,
eBill, you'll be able to see your past bills at any time. Once you’ re registered,
you'll stop getting paper bills and start getting electronic ones.
Still want paper bills? Simply cancel your registration after you have saved the
electronic bills you need. Then you'll go back to paper bills, but you
access to the online bills after you cancel.
Contact us. Simply contact us and we'll give you a statement that shows the
amounts we charged you and the payments we received on your last five bills.
Need more history? If you need information that’s older than your bills,
you need to pay $28.04 for a ‘ billing record search statement'.

How do you stop a charge on a bill?

We'll stop charge on your bill if a licensed plumber cuts off your water or
wastewater service. Your plumber must apply for this disconnection and follow
Sydney Water’S standard procedures.

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Questions 8-14

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on page 66?

In boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

8 All property owners receive Sydney Water bills.

9 Customers who don ’t have a water meter must pay an extra charge.
10 Customers who choose to receive a bill pay extra.
11 Pensioners who live in rented accommodation might get a discount.
12 Customers registered for eBill receive both paper and electronic bills.
13 Customers who request the period before their last five bills must
pay a fee.
14 A fixed charge can be avoided when the water supply is disconnected by a
licensed plumber.

• 1'1 p. 128 I 67
Test 3

SECTION 2 15-27
Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20.

Company car parking policy

DG Contracts recognises that many people working in the organisation require a vehicle
for business and aims to provide parking facilities for as many individuals
as possible. However, car parking provision is limited. DG Contracts therefore actively
staff to reduce footprint by using public walking or
cycling, or by organising ways of sharing the use of cars.

The car parking policy aims to allocate parking on a fair and equitable basis with spaces
being given first to those employees who claim above a certain mileage of travel
business Individuals who are allocated a space will be issued with a
parking permit and a number which to a car parking space. If there are any
non-allocated car spaces, these can be utilised by employees on a first-come,
first-served basis. In some cases, designated areas are required for company
vehicles, which must be parked securely at night. However, employees may in
these areas in the daytime.

If any individual leaves the company prior to the expiry of their permit, this will
be handed on to the member of staff who acts as their replacement, assuming that
this person requires it. If any individual who has been issued a permit takes
maternity leave or is signed off for a lengthy period, their parking permit will be re-
allocated to the staff member appointed as cover individual during their absence.

Employees who park their cars in a DG company car park do so at their own risk
and must follow the rules laid down in the policy. If you have any complaints
concerning any aspect of car parking at DG company please address them to
the HR Manager.

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Questions 15-20

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.

15 is limited, so the use of alternative methods of and the

..............…. of cars is encouraged.

16 Staff with the highest ......................……………........... .... are given spaces first.

17 Some parking spaces are reserved for company vehicles the

... but may be used by staff at other times.

18 If an employee leaves the company permanently, their parking space will normally
be given to their .....

19 If an employee takes extended leave, their parking space will be given to the
person who provides ................................................…...... for the absent employee.

20 All .....……......… …… ………........... about car parking should be sent to the HR Manager.

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Test 3

Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27.

Ensuring safety in the office

It’s fairly obvious that safety and health hazards can exist on worksites filled with heavy
equipment. However, a surprising number of hazards can also be
present in the office.

The most common types of injuries slips, trips and falls. Boxes, files and other items
piled in walkways can create a tripping hazard. Be certain that all materials are safely
stored in their to prevent build-up of clutter. Further, in addition to posing
an electrical wires across walkways a tripping hazard, so
ensure they are and covered.

Standing on rolling office chairs is a significant fall Workers who need to

something at an elevated height should use a stepladder, which must be fully opened
and placed on level ground.

Workers can collide when making turns in the hallways and around blind corners.
This can be by installing mirrors in these places so workers can see who is
coming. Floors may also present a hazard. Marble can become
when wet. The use of carpets can help to reduce falls and can be especially
helpful at main doors, where workers are likely to be coming in with wet shoes.

Another type of from being struck by an Filing cabinets

may be in danger of tipping over if drawers are left open , and filing cabinets and desks
may also create a tripping hazard if they are not closed. High piles of materials
and equipment can cause major injuries if they are knocked over. Heavy objects should
always be stored close to the ground, and the load capacity of shelves never
be exceeded.

Because office workers spend most of their day seated at a desk, they are to
and other related to and repetitive movement. Desks, seating,
monitor stands, etc. should all be adjustable in order to accommodate the widest
possible range of employees. Typing from hard copy can lead to neck strain if a worker
is forced to look down repeatedly to the desk at the document being copied and back to
the computer screen. This can be prevented by providing holders, which help to prevent
muscle imbalance by positioning the document at the same level as the screen. Another
cause of neck is incorrect placement of the computer mouse - this should
always be kept beside the keyboard, and at the same level.

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Questions

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.

Making sure offices are safe

slips, trips, falls and ensure that

• boxes, files, etc. correctly stored

• items such as 21 .. ...... ...... ...................…........ ... .......... do not create a tripping hazard
• workers do not use 22 …........................................…··…...... to reach high objects
• 23 ...... ....….......….......….......….............. are fixed at corners
• floors are covered by 24 .................................................. , especially at entrances

injuries caused by objects, ensure that

• 25 ..........…………………. .…..................... in office furniture are kept closed
• objects which are heavy are kept near the floor

injuries due and repetitive ensure that

• office furniture is 26 ................ .
• 27 ………..................... ......... .….......….... are provided for documents
• the mouse is placed next to the computer keyboard

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Test3

SECTION 3 Questions

Read the text below and answer Questions 28-40.

Roman Roads
A The long straight roads built by the Romans have, in many cases, become
just as famous in as their greatest emperors and Building
upon ancient routes and creating a huge number of new ones, Roman
engineers were fearless in their plans to join one point to another in as
straight a line as possible, whatever the difficulties in geography and the
costs in roads required bridges, tunnels, viaducts
and many other architectural and engineering features to create a series of
breathtaking but highly useful monuments, which spread from Europe to
eastern of the Roman empire.

B The Romans did not invent roads, but, as in so many other areas, they took an
idea which went back as far as the Bronze Age and extended that concept,
daring to squeeze from it the fullest possible potential. The first and most
great Roman road was the Via Appia, or Appian Way. Constructed from
312 BCE, and covering 196 kilometres, it linked Rome to ancient Capua in Italy
in as straight a line as possible and was appropriately known to the Romans
as the Regina Viarum or ’ Queen of Roads ’. Much like a modern highway, it
bypassed small towns along the way, and it largely ignored geographical
obstacles. The road would later be extended to 569 kilometres in length.

C The network of public roads covered over 120,000 kilometres. Besides

permitting the rapid deployment of troops and, more importantly, the
wheeled vehicles which supplied them with food and equipment, Roman roads
allowed for an in trade and cultural exchange. Roads were also one
of the ways Rome could demonstrate its authority. For this reason, many roads
began and ended in a triumphal arch, and the prestige associated
with a road project was demonstrated in the fact that roads were very often
named after the officials who funded them; for example, the Via Appia takes
its name from the Roman Appius Claudius Caecus.

D To achieve the objective of constructing the shortest routes possible between

two points, all manner of difficulties had to be overcome. Once
extensive surveying had been out, to the proposed route was
actually straight and to determine what various engineering methods were
needed, marshes had to be drained, forests cut through, creeks diverted,
bedrock channelled, mountainsides cut into, rivers crossed with bridges, valleys
traversed with viaducts and tunnels built through mountains. When all that
was done, roads had to be levelled, reinforced with support walls or terracing
and then, of course, maintained, which they were for over 800 years.

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E Major roads were around a standard 4.2 metres wide, which was enough space
for two vehicles to pass each other. First a trench was dug in the and a
layer of large stones was used to form the foundation. This was followed by
a substantial deposit of smaller broken materials - often crushed brick was
used for this purpose, and on top of this, a layer of fine gravel was added. This
upper section of the road was referred to as the nucleus and was then surfaced
with blocks or slabs. Mountain roads might also have running
the surface of the slabs, to give animals better grip, and have ruts cut into the
stone to guide wheeled vehicles.

Roads were purposely inclined slightly from the centre down to the to
allow rainwater to run off along the sides. Many also had parallel ditches that
collected the runoff and a drainage canal on each side of the road. A
path of packed gravel typically ran along each side of the road,
varying in width from 1 to 3 metres. Separating the path from the road were
the kerb stones, which were slabs. Busier stretches of main
roads had areas where vehicles could pull over, and some of these had services
for travellers and their animals. Milestones were also set up at
along the road and these often who was responsible for the upkeep
of that stretch of the road and what repairs had been made.

F Lasting symbols of the imagination of Roman engineers are the many arched
bridges and viaducts still standing today that helped achieve the engineers ’
goal. The Romans built to last, and the piers of bridges which
crossed rivers, for example, were often built with a resistant prow-shape and
used massive durable blocks of stone, while the upper might be built
of stone blocks strengthened with iron clamps. Perhaps the most impressive
bridge was at Narni; 180 metres long, 8 metres wide and as high as 33 metres,
it had 4 massive semicircular arches, one of which, 32.1
ranks as one of the longest block-arch spans in the ancient world. Recently
hit by earthquakes, it is now having to undergo restoration work to repair
the effects.

Such was the engineering and surveying skill of the Romans that many of their
roads have provided the basis for hundreds of today’s routes Europe
and the Middle East. Many roads in Italy still use the original Roman name for
certain stretches, and some bridges, such as at Tre Ponti in Venice, still carry
road today.

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Test 3

Questions 28-33

The text on pages 72 and 73 has six sections, A-F.

Which section mentions the following?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

28 the various functions of Roman roads

to some current remains of Roman road building
30 a description of preparations for building a road
31 the in history when road building began
32 the consequence of damage caused by a natural disaster
33 the total distance once by Roman roads

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Questions 34-37

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 34-37 on your answer sheet.

34 Which aspect of Roman road building does the writer mention in Section A?
A the strength and permanence of the roads
B the magnificence and practicality of the roads
C the number of people involved in building
D the people who financed the roads

35 The writer compares the Appian Way to a modern highway because

A it was lengthened over time.
B it took a long time to construct.
C It was used by a large number of travellers.
D it was designed to avoid certain areas.

36 According to the writer, the of the triumphal arches was to

A display the power of Rome.
B celebrate the opening of a road.
C show the name of important roads.
D provide access for important officials.

37 What common use of a milestone is mentioned in Section E?

A indicating to travellers the total length of the road
B highlighting areas of the road that needed repair
C noting details regarding the maintenance of the road
D marking rest places along the road for travellers and their animals

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Test 3

Questions 38-40

Label the diagram below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.

Cross-section of a Roman road

Nucleus made
of 38 .... ... .. ... ..... …… …
E

…~
Stone slabs - may be ridged
to help 39 ...... ........ .. .... .. .... using
slabs
positioned
;~;~"! kerb

1 I I I I I I I ...

drainage canal

Large stones Layer of materials such Pedestrian pathway

as 40 .. .. ...

p. 128\