MAXIMA AND MINIMA

PREVIOUS EAMCET BITS

1. The function f ( x ) = x + ax + bx + c, a 2 ≤ 3b has
3 2
[EAMCET 2009]
1) one maximum value 2) one minimum value
3) no extreme value 4) one maximum and one minimum value
Ans: 3
Sol. f ( x ) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c
f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2ax + b
∴ Δ = 4a 2 − 12b = 4 ( a 2 − 3b ) < 0
∴ f ′ ( x ) never zero.
log x
2. The maximum value of , 0 < x < ∞ is [EAMCET 2009]
x

.in
1) ∞ 2) e 3) 1 4) e–1
Ans: 4

Sol. f ( x ) =
log x
x
di
Ba
⎛1⎞
x ⎜ ⎟ − log x (1)
1 − log x
∴ f ′( x ) = ⎝ ⎠ 2
x
= 0 ⇒ f ′(x) = =0
et

x x
⇒x=e
.N

1
∴ Max. f =
e
w

If m and M respectively denote the minimum and maximum of f ( x ) = ( x − 1) + 3 for x ∈ [ −3,1]

2
3.
w

then the order pair (m, M) [EAMCET 2008]

1) (-3, 19) 2) (3, 19) 3) (–19, 3) 4) (–19, –3)
w

Ans: 2
Sol. f ( x ) = ( x − 1) + 3 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 ( x − 1) ⇒ f ′′ ( x ) = 2 > 0
2

f ′ ( x ) = 0 ⇒ x = 1 . Minimum value = f(1) = 3

−3 ≤ x ≤ 1 ⇒ −4 ≤ x − 1 ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 1) + 3 ≤ 19
2

Minimum value = 3 ∴ (m, M) = (3, 19)

4. The condition for f ( x ) = x 3 + px 2 + qx + r ( x ∈ \ ) to have no extreme value, is [EAMCET 2007]
1) p 2 < 3q 2) 2p 2 < q 3) p 2 < 1/ 4 q 4) p 2 > 3q
Ans: 1
Sol. f(x) has no extreme value then f ′ ( x ) = 0 have no real roots.
f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2px + q
4p 2 − 12q < 0 ⇒ p 2 < 3q

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 Maxima and Minima
5. Observe the statements given below: [EAMCET 2007]
Assertion (A) : f ′ ( x ) = xe − x has the maximum at x = 1
Reason (R) : f ′ (1) = 0 and f ′′ (1) < 0
Which of the following is correct ?
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason for A
2) Both A and R are true , but R is not the correct reason for A
3) A is true, R is false
4) A is false, R is true
Ans: 1
Sol. f ( x ) = xe − x ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = (1 − x ) e− x
f ′( x) = 0 ⇒ x = 1
1
f ′′ ( x ) = ( 2 − x ) e − x ⇒ f ′′ (1) = − < 0
e
∴ f(x) has maximum at x = 1

.in
x 3
6. In the interval (- 3, 3) the function f ( x ) = + , x ≠ 0 is
3 x
1) increasing 2) decreasing
3) neither increasing nor decreasing
Ans:
di
4) partly increasing and partly decreasing
Ba
x 3
Sol. f ( x ) = + , x ≠ 0
3 x
1 3
f ′( x) = − 2 = 0
et

3 x
x2 − 9
f ′(x) =
.N

3x 2
x 2 − 9 < 0, ∀x ∈ ( −3,3)
w

i.e., f ′ ( x ) < 0 ∀x ∈ ( −3,3)

w

∴ decreasing
7. The perimeter of a sector is a constant. If its area is to be maximum, the sectorial angel is
w

[EAMCET 2006]
π c
π c
1) 2) 3) 4c 4) 2c
6 4
Ans: 4
Sol. A + 2r = k ( say )

θ l
r

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 Maxima and Minima
but A = rθ
rθ + 2r = k
k
r=
θ+2
1 2 k2θ
Area A = r θ=
2 ( θ + 2)
2
2

k2 ⎧⎪ 2 ( θ + 2 ) θ − ( θ + 2 )2 ⎫⎪
A =
1
⎨ ⎬=0
( θ + )
4
2
⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪
⇒ θ = 2c

8. Observe the following statements : [EAMCET 2005]

A : f ′ ( x ) = 2x 3 − 9x 2 + 12x − 3 is increasing in [ −∞,1] ∪ [ 2, ∞ ]
R : f ′ ( x ) < 0 for x ∈ (1, 2 )

.in
Then which of the following is true?
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason for A
di
2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason for A
3) A is true, R is false
Ba
4) A is false, R is true
Ans: 4
Sol. A : f ′ ( x ) = 6x 2 − 18x + 12 > 0
et

⇒ x ∈ ( −∞,1) ∪ ( 2, ∞ )
∴ A is false
.N

B : f ′ ( x ) < 0, ∀x ∈ (1, 2 ) True

w

9. The minimum value of 2x2 + x – 1 is [EAMCET 2003]

w

1 3 9 9
1) 2) 3) − 4)
w

4 2 8 4
Ans: 3
4ac − b 2 −9
Sol. Min. value = =
4a 8
2x
10. If log (1 + x ) − is increasing then ….. [EAMCET 2002]
2+x
1) 0 < x < ∞ 2) – ∞ < x < 0 3) – ∞ < x < ∞ 4) 1 < x < 2
Ans: 1
2x
Sol. f ( x ) = log (1 + x ) −
2+ x
( 2 + x ) − 2x (1) > 0
2
1
f ′( x) = −
1+ x (2 + x)
2

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 Maxima and Minima
x2
⇒ >0 ∴x>0
(1 + x )( 2 + x )
2

⇒ 0<x < ∞
11. The minimum value of ( x − α )( x − β ) is [EAMCET 2001]
1 −1
2) αβ ( α − β) ( α − β)
2 2
1) 0 3) 4)
4 4
Ans: 4
Sol. x 2 − ( α + β ) x + αβ
4ac − b 2
The min. value of ax 2 + bx + c is
4a
4αβ − ( α + β ) − (α − β)
2 2

∴ =
4 4
12. The maximum value of xy subject to x + y = 7 is [EAMCET 2001]

.in
1) 12 2) 10 3) 49/4 4) 55/4
Ans: 3
Sol. Given x + y = 7
xy = x(7 – x)
Let f ( x ) = x ( 7 − x ) ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 7 − 2x = 0
di
Ba
7 7
⇒ x = ;y =
2 2
13. The minimum value of xx is [EAMCET 2000]
et

−1/ e
1) e 2) ee 3) e 4) e 1/ e

Ans:
.N

dy
Sol. y = x x ⇒ log y = x log x ⇒ = x x (1+ logx)
dx
w

(1 + log x ) = 0 ⇒ x = e−1
∴ Min.value = e −1/ e
w
w

”””

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