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COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (COPAR)
Importance of COPAR
COPAR is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps
the community workers to generate community participation in development activities. COPAR
prepares people/clients to eventually take over the management of a development program(s) in
the future. COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement; community resources
are mobilized for community services.
Principles of COPAR
1. People, especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to change,
have the capacity to change, and are able to bring about change.
2. COPAR should be based on the interest of the poorest sector of society.
3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society.
Phases of the COPAR Process
1. Pre-Entry Phase
Preparation of the Institution
o Train faculty and students in COPAR.

o Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR.
o Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program.
o Coordinate participants of other departments.
Site Selection
o Initial networking with local government.

o Conduct preliminary special investigation.
o Make long/short list of potential communities.
o Do ocular survey of listed communities.
Criteria for Initial Site Selection
o Must have a population of 100-200 families.

o Economically depressed.
o No strong resistance from the community.
o No serious peace and order problem.
o No similar group or organization holding the same program.
Identifying Potential Municipalities
o Make long/short list.

Identifying Potential Barangay
o Do the same process as in selecting municipality.

o Consult key informants and residents.
o Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities.
Choosing Final Barangay
o Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.

o Determine the need of the program in the community.
o Take note of political development.
o Develop community profiles for secondary data.
o Develop survey tools.
o Pay courtesy call to community leaders.
o Choose foster families based on guidelines.
Identifying Host Family
o House is strategically located in the community.

o Should not belong to the rich segment.
o Respected by both formal and informal leaders.
o Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house.
o No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.
2. Entry Phase
Guidelines for Entry
o Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their
presence and activities.
o Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of
the community residents without disregard of their being role model.
o Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key
profile.
Activities in the Entry Phase
o Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe

community life.
 living with the community
 seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate
 lend a hand in household chores
 avoid gambling and drinking
o Deepening social investigation/community study

 verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey
 conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through community
assembly
Leader Spotting Through Sociogram.
Key persons - approached by most people

Opinion leader - approach by key persons
Isolates - never or hardly consulted
3. Organization-building Phase
Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formal procedure of
planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities. It is at this phase where the
organized leaders or groups are being given training (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their style
in managing their own concerns/programs.
Key Activities
o Community Health Organization (CHO)

 preparation of legal requirements
 guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group
 election of officers
o Research Team Committee
o Planning Committee
o Health Committee Organization
o Others
o Formation of by-laws by the CHO
4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase
Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the
community members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At this
point, the different committees setup in the organization-building phase are already expected to
be functioning by way of planning, implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the
overall guidance from the community-wide organization.
Key Activities
o Training of CHO for monitoring and implementing of community health

program.
o Identification of secondary leaders.
o Linkaging and networking.
o Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns.
o Implementation of livelihood projects.

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COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (COPAR)

Phases of the COPAR Process

Preparation of the Institution

o Train faculty and students in COPAR.

o Initial networking with local government.

Criteria for Initial Site Selection

o Must have a population of 100-200 families.

Identifying Potential Municipalities

o Make long/short list.

o Do the same process as in selecting municipality.

Choosing Final Barangay

o Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.

Identifying Host Family

o House is strategically located in the community.

Guidelines for Entry

Activities in the Entry Phase

o Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe

o Deepening social investigation/community study

Key persons - approached by most people

o Community Health Organization (CHO)

4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

o Training of CHO for monitoring and implementing of community health

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