PHYSICAL SCIENCES

REVISION BOOKLET
TERM 1
2024
 NEWTONS LAW

1. The sketch below shows TWO blocks of masses 2 kg and 3 kg joined by an inextensible
string of negligible mass, placed on a horizontal surface. When a force of 24,90 N is
NEWTONS LAW AND MOMENTUM
applied to the 3 kg block, the blocks accelerate to the right.
The co-efficient of kinetic friction between each block and the surface is 0,1.

T 3 kg 24,90 N
2 kg

1.1. Draw a free body diagram to show ALL the forces acting on the 2 kg block. (4)
1.2 Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the 2 kg block. (3)
1.3 Draw a free body diagram to show ALL the forces acting on the 3 kg block. (5)
1.4 Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the 3 kg block. (3)
1.5 Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the string joining the TWO blocks. (5)
2. The sketch below shows TWO blocks of masses 2 kg and 3 kg joined by an inextensible
string of negligible mass, placed on a horizontal surface. When a force of 49,80 N is
applied to the 3 kg block at an angle of 60° to the horizontal, the blocks accelerate to the
right.
The co-efficient of kinetic friction between each block and the surface is 0,1.
24,90 N

T 3 kg 60°
2 kg

2.1 Draw a free body diagram to show ALL the forces acting on the 3 kg block. (5)
2.2 Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the 3 kg block. (3)
2.3 Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the string joining the TWO blocks. (5)
3. The sketch below shows TWO blocks of masses 2 kg and 3 kg joined by an inextensible
string of negligible mass, placed on a surface inclined at an angle of 30° to the
horizontal. When a force of magnitude, 49,80 N is applied to the 3 kg block as shown,
the blocks accelerate up the incline.
The co-efficient of kinetic friction between each block and the surface is 0,1.

30°

Calculate the magnitude of T.

 MOMENTUM
4. In the sketch below car A of mass 1250 kg is travelling at 14 m.s-1. At the same time car B
of mass 800 kg is travellingNEWTONS
in the same
LAWdirection as car A but in front of car A at 9 m.s-1.
AND MOMENTUM
Car B Car A

14 m·s-1
9 m·s-1

Car A collides with car B. Immediately after the collision car A continues to move in its
original direction at 12 m.s-1.
4.1 Assume that the linear momentum is conserved during this collision and calculate
the speed of car B immediately after the collision. (4)
4.2 Explain why the assumption made in question 5.1 may not be valid if both cars A
and B are designed to crumple partially on impact. (2)
4.3 Consider the following statement: “The risk of injury for passengers in a lighter car is
greater than the risk of injury for passengers in a heavier car during a head-on collision”.
Use principles of Physics to explain the validity of this statement. (4)
5. Collisions happen on the roads in our country daily. In one of these collisions, a minibus of mass
3 000 kg, travelling at 30 m·s-1 to the right, collides with a car of mass 1 600 kg, travelling at a speed
of 20 m·s-1 to the right. The two vehicles move together as a unit in a straight line after the collision.

3 000 kg 1 600 kg
30 m·s-1 20 m·s-1

5.1 Calculate the velocity of the two vehicles after the collision.
5.2 Do the necessary calculations to show that the collision was inelastic.
6. A cricket ball of mass 0,2 kg is moving at a speed of 30 m.s-1. Calculate the average force
exerted by the
6.1 wicket keeper if he stops the ball in 0,3 s.
6.2 the bat, if the batsman hits the ball back to the bowler with a velocity of 20 m.s -1 and the
ball was in contact with the bat for 0,1 s.
7 A bullet of mass 200 g is fired from a rifle of mass 4 kg. The bullet leaves the muzzle of the rifle
with a velocity of 250 m.s-1. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the rifle.
8. A toy locomotive of mass 0,5 kg moving on a straight rail at 0,3 m.s-1, collides with a truck of
mass 0,3 kg moving in the same direction at 0,2 m.s-1. On colliding the two lock and remain
together thereafter. Calculate their combined velocity after the collision.
9. A car of mass 1 600 kg travelling at 20 m.s-1 collides with a wall and rebounds
(bounces off the wall) at 5 m.s-1.
9.1 Calculate the impulse of the car during the collision.
9.2 Calculate the average force exerted on the car by the wall if the collision
lasted 0,2 s.
9.3 Calculate the average force that would have been exerted on the car by the
wall if the car did not rebound but came to rest and the collision lasted 0,2 s.
9.4 Use principles in Physics to explain how crumple zones can help minimise
injuries during accidents.
 VERTICAL PROJECTILE MOTION

QUESTION 1

A stationary rocket on the ground is launched vertically upwards. After 4 s, the rocket's fuel is
used up and it is 225,6 m above the ground. At this instant the velocity of the rocket is 112,8 m∙s -
1. The diagram below shows the path followed by the rocket. Ignore the effects of air friction.

Assume that g does not change during the entire motion of the rocket.

1.1 Write down the direction of the acceleration of the rocket at point:

1.1.1 P

1.1.2 Q

1.2 At which point (P or Q) is the rocket in free fall? Give a reason for the answer.

1.3 Calculate the time taken from the moment the rocket is launched until it strikes the ground.

1.4 Sketch a velocity versus time graph for the motion of the rocket from the
moment it runs out of fuel until it strikes the ground. Take the time when the
rocket runs out of fuel as t = 0 s.

Indicate the following values on the graph:

• Velocity of the rocket when it runs out of fuel

• Time at which the rocket strikes the ground
QUESTION 2

A hot-air balloon is rising vertically upwards with a constant speed of 2.5 m.s -1(Figure 1). When
the balloon is at a certain height (h) above the ground, an object is accidentally dropped from the
balloon. The object reaches the ground 4 s later.

Figure 2 shows the velocity time sketch graph (where down is positive) for the vertical motion of
the object from the moment it is dropped until it hit the ground.

2.1 What is the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the object at point P. (2)

2.2 What physical quantity does the gradient of the graph correspond to? (1)

2.3 What is the significance of point Q on the graph with respect to the motion of
the object? (2)

2.4 USING THE GRAPH ONLY (No equations of Motion), calculate:

2.4.1 The gravitational acceleration (3)
2.4.2 The velocity with which the object hits the ground. (4)
2.4.3 The height, h, from which the object was dropped. (4)
2.4.4 The maximum height the object reaches above the ground (3)

2.5 Sketch the position-time graph for the object from the time it falls of the balloon
to the time she reaches the ground. Take the top of ground as the ZERO position.
Clearly show:
- The height from which the object was dropped
- The maximum height above the ground (4)
QUESTION 3

A stone is thrown vertically from the ground. It passes a 2,0 m high window whose sill is 10,0 m
above the ground. The stone takes 0,15 s to travel the 2,0 m height of the window. Diagram is not
drawn to scale

Neglect the effects of air resistance

3.1 Write down the term which describes the motion of the stone

3.2 Write down the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the stone at the maximum
height.

3.3 Calculate the:

3.3.1 Speed at which the stone is thrown

3.3.2 Maximum height above the ground that the stone reaches

3.4 Sketch the velocity versus time graph to illustrate the motion of the stone from the moment it
leaves the ground until it reaches its maximum height. (Take upwards as the positive direction).
Clearly show the velocity with which the stone leaves the ground.
QUESTION 4

A ball, A, is thrown vertically upward from a height, h, with a speed of 15 m∙s -1. AT THE SAME
INSTANT, a second identical ball, B, is dropped from the same height as ball A as shown in the
diagram below. Both balls undergo free fall and eventually hit the ground.

4.1 Explain the term free fall. (2)

4.2 Calculate the time it takes for ball A to return to its starting point. (4)

4.3 Calculate the distance between ball A and ball B when ball A is at its

maximum height. (7)

4.4 Sketch a velocity-time graph in the ANSWER BOOK for the motion of ball A from the time it is
projected until it hits the ground. Clearly show the following on your graph:

• The initial velocity

• The time it takes to reach its maximum height
• The time it takes to return to its starting point (4)
QUESTION 5

Ball A is projected vertically upwards from the ground, near a tall building, with a speed of 30 m∙s -
1. Ignore the effects of air friction.

5.1 Explain what is meant by a projectile. (2)

5.2 Calculate the total time that ball A will be in the air. (4)

5.3 Calculate the distance travelled by ball A during the last second of its fall. (4)
5.4 TWO SECONDS after ball A is projected upwards, ball B is projected vertically upwards
from the roof of the same building. The roof the building is 50 m above the ground. Both balls A
and B reach the ground at the same time. Refer to the diagram. Ignore the effects of air
friction.

Calculate the speed with which ball B was projected upwards from the roof. (4)

5.5 Sketch velocity-time graphs for the motion of both balls A and B on the same

set of axes. Clearly label the graphs for balls A and B respectively.
Indicate the following on the graphs:

(a) Time taken by both balls A and B to reach the ground

(b) Time taken by ball A to reach its maximum height (4)

QUESTION 6

Ball A is projected vertically upwards at a velocity of 16 m∙s-1 from the ground. Ignore the effects
of air resistance. Use the ground as zero reference.

6.1 Calculate the time taken by ball A to return to the ground. (4)

6.2 Sketch a velocity-time graph for ball A.

Show the following on the graph:

(a) Initial velocity of ball A

(b) Time taken to reach the highest point of the motion

(c) Time taken to return to the ground (3)

ONE SECOND after ball A is projected upwards, a second ball, B, is thrown vertically
-1
downwards at a velocity of 9 m∙s from a balcony 30 m above the ground. Refer to the
diagram.

6.3 Calculate how high above the ground ball A will be at the instant the two balls pass each
other. (6)
QUESTION 7

A ball is thrown vertically downwards from the top of a building and bounces a few times as it hits
the ground. The velocity-time graph below describes the motion of the ball from the time it is
thrown, up to a certain time T. Take downwards as the positive direction and the ground as zero
reference. The graph is NOT drawn to scale. The effects of air friction are ignored.

7.1 Write down the speed with which the ball is thrown downwards. (1)

7.2 ALL parts of the graph have the same gradient. Give a reason for this. (2)

7.3 Calculate the height from which the ball is thrown. (3)

7.4 Calculate the time (T) shown on the graph. (4)

7.5 Write down the:

7.5.1 Time that the ball is in contact with the ground at the first bounce (1)
7.5.2 Time at which the ball reaches its maximum height after the first
bounce (2)
7.5.3 Value of X (1)
7.6 Is the collision of the ball with the ground elastic or inelastic?

Give a reason for the answer using information in the graph. (2)
QUESTION 8

A small ball is dropped from a height of 2 m and bounces a few times after landing on a cement
floor. Ignore air friction.

The position-time graph below, not drawn to scale, represents the motion of the ball.

8.1 Define the term free fall.

8.2 Use the graph and determine:
8.2.1 The time that the ball is in contact with the floor before the first bounce
8.2.2 The time it takes the ball to reach its maximum height after the first
bounce
8.2.3 The speed at which the ball leaves the floor at the first bounce
8.2.4 Time t indicated on the graph
QUESTION 9

In the diagram shown, point A is at the top of a building. Point B is exactly

halfway between the point A and the ground. Ignore air resistance.

9.1 Define the term free fall. (2)

A ball of mass 0,4 kg is dropped from point A. It passes point B after 1 s.

9.2 Calculate the height of point A above the ground. (3)

When the ball strikes the ground it is in contact with the ground for 0,2 s and then bounces
vertically upwards, reaching a maximum height at point B.

9.3 Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the ball when it strikes the
ground. (3)
9.4 Calculate the magnitude of the average net force exerted on the ball while
it is in contact with the ground. (6)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
QUESTION 1

The letters A to D in the table below represent four organic compounds.

Use the information in the table to answer the questions that follow.

1.1 Write down the:

1.1.1 Letter that represents a ketone (1)
1.1.2 Structural formula of the functional group of compound C (1)
1.1.3 General formula of the homologous series to which compound A
belongs (1)
1.1.4 IUPAC name of compound A (3)
1.1.5 IUPAC name of compound B (2)

1.2 Compound D is a gas used in cigarette lighters.

1.2.1 To which homologous series does compound D belong? (1)
1.2.2 Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA and IUPAC NAME of a
structural isomer of compound D. (4)
1.2.3 Is the isomer in QUESTION 1.2.2 a CHAIN, POSITIONAL or
FUNCTIONAL isomer? (1)

1.3 Compound D reacts with bromine (Br2) to form 2-bromobutane.

Write down the name of the:
1.3.1 Homologous series to which 2-bromobutane belongs (1)
1.3.2 Type of reaction that takes place (1)
QUESTION 2

The letters A to F in the table below represent six organic compounds.

2.1 Write down the letter that represents EACH of the following:
2.1.1 A hydrocarbon (1)

2.1.2 An alcohol (1)

2.1.3 An ester (1)

2.2 Write down the IUPAC name of:

2.2.1 Compound A (1)

2.2.2 Compound B (3)

2.3 Compound C is a functional isomer of compound A.

Write down the structural formula of compound C. (2)

2.4 Compound D is used as one of the reactants to prepare compound F.

Write down the:

2.4.1 Type of reaction which takes place to prepare compound F (1)

2.4.2 IUPAC name of compound D (2)

2.4.3 Structural formula of the other organic reactant used (2)

2.4.4 IUPAC name of compound F (2)

 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
QUESTION 1

Learners investigate factors which influence the boiling points of alcohols.

They use equal volumes of each of the alcohols and heat them separately in a water bath. The
temperature at which each boils is measured. The results obtained are shown in the table below.

1.1 Define the term boiling point. (2)

1.2 What property of alcohols requires them to be heated in a water bath? (1)
1.3 The boiling points of the alcohols are compared with each other.

1.3.1 What structural requirements must the alcohols meet to make it a

fair comparison? (2)

1.3.2 Fully explain the trend in the boiling points. (3)

1.4 How will the boiling point of hexan-1-ol be affected if the volume of hexan-1-ol

used is doubled? Choose from INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS

THE SAME. (1)

1.5 In another investigation the learners compare the boiling points of hexan-1-ol
and hexanal.

1.5.1 Write down the independent variable for this comparison. (1)

1.5.2 They find that the boiling point of hexan-1-ol is higher than that of hexanal.

Fully explain this observation. (4)

QUESTION 2

Four compounds of comparable molecular mass are used to investigate the effect of
functional groups on vapour pressure.

The results obtained are shown in the table below.

2.1 Define the term functional group of an organic compound. (2)

2.2 Which ONE of the compounds (A, B, C or D) in the table has the:
2.2.1 Highest boiling point
(Refer to the vapour pressures to give a reason for the answer.) (2)
2.2.2 Weakest intermolecular forces (1)
2.3 Refer to the type of intermolecular forces to explain the difference between the
vapour pressure of compound A and compound B. (3)
2.4 The vapour pressures of compounds C and D are much lower than those of
compounds A and B. Name the type of intermolecular force in C and D that is
responsible for this difference. (1)
2.5 Briefly explain the difference in vapour pressure between compound C and
compound D. (2)

2.6 During a combustion reaction in a closed container of adjustable volume, 8 cm3

of compound A (butane) reacts in excess oxygen according to the following
balanced equation:
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)

If the initial volume of the oxygen in the container was 60 cm3, calculate the TOTAL
volume of the gases that are present in the container at the end of the reaction. All
the gases in the container are at the same temperature and pressure. (5)
QUESTION 3

Study the vapour pressure versus temperature graphs for three organic compounds, X, Y and Z,
below which belong to different homologous series. Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.

3.1 Write down the vapour pressure of compound Y at 90 °C. (1)

3.2 The graphs can be used to determine the boiling points of the three compounds.

3.2.1 Define boiling point. (2)

3.2.2 Determine the boiling point of compound X. (1)

3.3 The homologous series to which the three compounds of similar molecular

masses belong, were identified in random order as: alcohol; carboxylic acid; ketone

3.3.1 Which compound (X, Y or Z) is the carboxylic acid? (1)

3.3.2 Explain the answer to QUESTION 3.3.1 by referring to the type of

intermolecular forces in compounds of each of the homologous series

above. (4)
3.3.3 Compound X has three carbon atoms per molecule.

Write down the IUPAC name of compound X. (1)

 ORGANIC REACTIONS
QUESTION 1

The flow diagram below shows how an alkene can be used to prepare other organic compounds.
The letters A to G represent different organic reactions.

1.1 Write down the type of reaction represented by:

1.1.1 A (1)

1.1.2 B (1)
1.1.3 E (1)

1.2 Write down the IUPAC name of compound X. (2)

1.3 For reaction D, write down:

1.3.1 The type of elimination reaction (1)

1.3.2 TWO reaction conditions (2)

1.4 Write down the:

1.4.1 FORMULA of an inorganic reactant needed for reaction F (1)

1.4.2 Balanced equation, using structural formulae, for reaction G (4)

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QUESTION 2

2.1 Study the following incomplete equations for organic reactions I and II.

Compounds P and Q are ORGANIC compounds and T is an INORGANIC

compound.
CH3

I CH3 CH CHCH3 + NaOH (conc.) P + NaBr + T

(major product)
Br

II CH3COOH + compound Q → butyl ethanoate + H2O

For reaction I, write down the:

2.1.1 Type of reaction that takes place (1)

2.1.2 IUPAC name of compound P (2)

2.1.3 NAME or FORMULA of compound T (1)

For reaction II, write down:

2.1.4 TWO reaction conditions needed (2)

2.1.5 The STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound Q (2)

2.2 The cracking of a long chain hydrocarbon, C10H22, takes place in test tube A,
as shown below.

Two STRAIGHT CHAIN organic compounds, X and Z, are produced in test tube A
according to the following balanced equation:

C10H22(ℓ) → 2X(g) + Z(g)

 2.2.1 State the function of the Aℓ2O3(s) in test tube A. (1)

The organic compounds, X and Z, are now passed through bromine water, Br2(aq), at
room temperature in test tube B. Only compound X reacts with the bromine water.

2.2.2 Apart from gas bubbles being formed, state another observable
change in test tube B. (1)

2.2.3 Write down the TYPE of reaction that takes place in test tube B. (1)

2.2.4 Write down the molecular formula of compound Z. (3)

2.2.5 Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound X. (3)

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QUESTION 3

The flow diagram below shows how compound A can be used as a starting reactant to
prepare two different compounds.

I, II and III represent three organic reactions.

3.1 Is compound A a PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY haloalkane? Give a

reason for the answer. (2)

3.2 Consider reaction I.

3.2.1 Besides heat, write down the other reaction condition needed. (1)

3.2.2 Write down the type of reaction that takes place. (1)

3.2.3 Using STRUCTURAL FORMULAE for the organic compounds,

write down a balanced equation for the reaction. (5)

3.3 Consider reaction II.

Write down the:

3.3.1 STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound C (2)

3.3.2 NAME or FORMULA of the inorganic reagent needed (1)

3.3.3 Type of addition reaction that takes place (1)

3.4 Consider reaction III.

3.4.1 Write down of the type of reaction that takes place. (1)

3.4.2 Besides heat, write down the other reaction condition needed. (1)
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