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Generations of Operating System

The document outlines the evolution of operating systems from the first generation in the 1940s, which operated without any OS, to the fourth generation, characterized by the rise of personal computers and Microsoft Windows. Each generation introduced significant advancements, such as batch processing in the second generation and multiprogramming in the third. The document highlights key developments, including the creation of GMOS, the introduction of personal computers, and the emergence of popular operating systems like Windows and Mac OS.

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99 views2 pages

Generations of Operating System

The document outlines the evolution of operating systems from the first generation in the 1940s, which operated without any OS, to the fourth generation, characterized by the rise of personal computers and Microsoft Windows. Each generation introduced significant advancements, such as batch processing in the second generation and multiprogramming in the third. The document highlights key developments, including the creation of GMOS, the introduction of personal computers, and the emergence of popular operating systems like Windows and Mac OS.

Uploaded by

puneee05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Generations of Operating System

The First Generation (1940 to early 1950s)

When the first electronic computer was developed in 1940, it was created without any
operating system. In early times, users have full access to the computer machine and
write a program for each task in absolute machine language. The programmer can
perform and solve only simple mathematical calculations during the computer
generation, and this calculation does not require an operating system.

The Second Generation (1955 - 1965)

The first operating system (OS) was created in the early 1950s and was known
as GMOS. General Motors has developed OS for the IBM computer. The second-
generation operating system was based on a single stream batch processing system
because it collects all similar jobs in groups or batches and then submits the jobs to the
operating system using a punch card to complete all jobs in a machine. At each
completion of jobs (either normally or abnormally), control transfer to the operating
system that is cleaned after completing one job and then continues to read and initiates
the next job in a punch card. After that, new machines were called mainframes, which
were very big and used by professional operators.

The Third Generation (1965 - 1980)

During the late 1960s, operating system designers were very capable of developing a
new operating system that could simultaneously perform multiple tasks in a single
computer program called multiprogramming. The introduction
of multiprogramming plays a very important role in developing operating systems that
allow a CPU to be busy every time by performing different tasks on a computer at the
same time. During the third generation, there was a new development of minicomputer's
phenomenal growth starting in 1961 with the DEC PDP-1. These PDP's leads to the
creation of personal computers in the fourth generation.

The Fourth Generation (1980 - Present Day)

The fourth generation of operating systems is related to the development of the personal
computer. However, the personal computer is very similar to the minicomputers that
were developed in the third generation. The cost of a personal computer was very high
at that time; there were small fractions of minicomputers costs. A major factor related to
creating personal computers was the birth of Microsoft and the Windows operating
system. Microsoft created the first window operating system in 1975. After introducing
the Microsoft Windows OS, Bill Gates and Paul Allen had the vision to take personal
computers to the next level. Therefore, they introduced the MS-DOS in 1981; however, it
was very difficult for the person to understand its cryptic commands. Today, Windows
has become the most popular and most commonly used operating system technology.
And then, Windows released various operating systems such as Windows 95, Windows
98, Windows XP and the latest operating system, Windows 7. Currently, most Windows
users use the Windows 10 operating system. Besides the Windows operating system,
Apple is another popular operating system built in the 1980s, and this operating system
was developed by Steve Jobs, a co-founder of Apple. They named the operating system
Macintosh OS or Mac OS.

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