VLANs

LAN Switching

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Objectives
 Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network.
 Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged
network.
 Configure VLANs on the switches in a converged
network topology.
 Troubleshoot the common software or hardware
misconfigurations associated with VLANs on switches
in a converged network topology.

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 VLANs

• Switches also have enabled the creation of Virtual LANs

(VLANs).
• VLANs provide greater opportunities to manage the flow
of traffic on the LAN and reduce broadcast traffic
between segments.
• VLANs are groups of computers in an intelligent
switched network.

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 Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
 Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network

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 Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
 Describe the different types VLANs

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 Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
 Describe the VLAN port membership modes

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 Port-Based VLANs
• Port-based VLANs use the physical port address to
form the groups for the VLAN.
• It is logical to connect computers that are physically
close together on the LAN into ports that are
physically close together on the switch, and to assign
ports that are physically close together into the same
VLAN.
• This is the approach used in traditional LAN design:
physical location determines the LAN, but is not
always the most effective approach.

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 MAC-Based VLANs
Layer-2 VLANs

• MAC-based VLANs use the same data link

layer addresses to form the VLAN groups.

• The advantage is that they are simpler to

manage when computers are moved.

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 Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
 Explain the role of a trunk when using multiple VLANs
in a converged network

Trunk ports send and receive

information from all VLANs

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Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
 Describe how a trunk works

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 Trunk
• A trunk is a point-to-point link between one or
more Ethernet switch interfaces and another
networking device, such as a router or a switch.
• Ethernet trunks carry the traffic of multiple
VLANs over a single link.
• A VLAN trunk allows you to extend the
VLANs across an entire network.

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 Voice VLAN
 Use with IP phone.
 Phone acts as a switch too.
 Voice traffic is tagged, given priority.
 Data not tagged, no priority.

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 Native VLAN

VLAN is identified by a “tag” in the frame.

 Native VLAN does not have a tag.
 any frame that has no tag will be put into native VLAN.

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 Default VLAN

 VLAN 1 on Cisco switches.

 Carries CDP and STP (spanning tree protocol) traffic.
 Initially all ports are in this VLAN.
 Do not use it for data, voice or management traffic for
security reasons.

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 Static VLAN
 The normal type. Port configured to be on a VLAN.
Connected device is on this VLAN.
 VLAN can be created using CLI command, given
number and name.
 If a port is put on a VLAN and the VLAN does not exist,
then the VLAN is created.

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 Static VLAN (Port-centric)

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 Dynamic VLAN
• Not widely used.
• Use a VLAN Membership Policy Server
(VMPS).
• Assign a device to a VLAN based on its MAC
address.
• Connect device, server assigns VLAN.
• Useful if you want to move devices around.

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Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
 Describe the switch port trunking modes

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 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the steps to configure trunks and VLANs

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 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
 Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a
VLAN on a Cisco Catalyst switch

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Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
 Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to manage
VLANs on a Cisco Catalyst switch

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Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
 Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a
trunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch

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Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
 Describe the common problems with VLANs and trunks

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Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
 Describe the common problems with VLANs and trunks

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 What is VTP?
 The VLAN Management Challenge
–As the number of switches increases on a
small- or medium-sized business network, the
overall administration required to manage
VLANs and trunks becomes a challenge.

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 VTP
 VTP allows a network manager to configure a
switch so that it will propagate VLAN
configurations to other switches in the network.
 Switch can be configured a VTP server or VTP
client
 The VTP server distributes and synchronizes
VLAN information to VTP-enabled switches
throughout the switched network, which
minimizes the configuration inconsistencies.

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 VTP

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 VTP Components
 VTP Domain - Consists of one or more interconnected
switches.
–All switches in a domain share VLAN configuration
details using VTP advertisements.
–Router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of
domain
 VTP Modes - 3 different VTP modes
–VTP Server - VTP servers advertise the VTP VLAN
information to other switches in the same VTP domain.
•VTP servers store the VLAN information for the
domain in NVRAM.
•The server is where VLAN can created, deleted, or
renamed for the domain.
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 VTP Components
–VTP Client - VTP clients function the same way as
VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or
delete VLANs.
•A VTP client only stores the VLAN information for
the entire domain while the switch is on.
•A switch reset deletes the VLAN information. You
must configure VTP client mode on a switch.
–VTP Transparent - Transparent switches forward
VTP advertisements to VTP clients and VTP servers.
•VLANs that are created, renamed, or deleted on
transparent switches are local to that switch only.
•Transparent switches do not participate in VTP.

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 VTP Components
 VTP Pruning - VTP pruning increases network available
bandwidth by restricting flooded traffic to those trunk links
that the traffic must use to reach the destination devices.

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 VTP Components

 VTP Advertisements - VTP uses a hierarchy of advertisements to

distribute and synchronize VLAN configurations across the network.

 VTP Revision Number

 The configuration revision number determines whether the configuration
information received from another VTP-enabled switch is more recent
than the version stored on the switch.
–The default revision number for a switch is zero.
–Each time a VLAN is added or removed, the configuration
revision number is incremented.
–Each VTP device tracks the VTP configuration revision
number that is assigned to it.

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 Summary
 VLANS
Allows an administrator to logically group devices
that act as their own network
Are used to segment broadcast domains
Some benefits of VLANs include
Cost reduction, security, higher performance,
better management

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 Summary
 Types of Traffic on a VLAN include
Data
Voice
Network protocol
Network management

 Communication between different VLANs requires the

use of
Routers

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 Thank you

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