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02-2013-MTCNA M2 Routing EN v2

The document provides an overview of routing concepts, including the importance of routing in enabling communication between different subnets. It explains static routing, its configuration, advantages, and limitations, as well as the management of dynamic routes. Additionally, it includes practical exercises for implementing static routing in a lab setting.

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8 views29 pages

02-2013-MTCNA M2 Routing EN v2

The document provides an overview of routing concepts, including the importance of routing in enabling communication between different subnets. It explains static routing, its configuration, advantages, and limitations, as well as the management of dynamic routes. Additionally, it includes practical exercises for implementing static routing in a lab setting.

Uploaded by

cfc2i.tg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Routing

Module 2

2013-01-01 1
Routing Overview

2013-01-01 2
Routing concepts

• Routing is a layer 3 process on the ISO’s OSI model.

• Routing defines where traffic is forwarded (sent).

• It’s required to permit different subnets to communicate.

– Even if they should be on the same “wire”

2013-01-01 3
Routing concepts, example 1

• Computers wont communicate.

2013-01-01 4
Routing concepts , example 2

• Computers can now communicate.

2013-01-01 5
Route flags

• Routes have statuses. In this course, we will familiarize ourselves


with the following:
– X : Disabled
– A : Active
– D : Dynamic
– C : Connected
– S : Static

2013-01-01 6
Route flags

• Disabled : Router is disabled. Has no influence in the routing process.


• Active : Route is active and used in the routing process.
• Dynamic : Route has been created by routing process, not through the
management interface.

2013-01-01 7
Route flags

• Connected : A route is created for each IP subnet that has an active


interface on the router.
• Static : Route created to force forwarding of packets through a certain
destination.

2013-01-01 8
Static Routing

2013-01-01 9
Static routes

• Routes to subnets that exist on a router are automatically created and


known by that router. But what happens if you need to reach a subnet
that exists on another router? You create a static route!
• A static route is a manual way of forwarding traffic to unknown
subnets.

2013-01-01 10
Static routes

2013-01-01 11
Static routes

• Understanding the fields


– Flags : The state of each route, as explained in previous slides
– Dst. Address : The destination addresses this route is used for.
– Gateway : Typically, the IP address of the next hop that will receive the
packets destined for “Dst. Address”.
– Distance : Value used for route selection. In configurations where various
distances are possible, the route with the smallest value is preferred.
– Routing Mark : Routing table containing this route. Default is “Main”.
– Pref. Source : The IP address of the local interface responsible for
forwarding packets sent by advertised subnet.

2013-01-01 12
Why use static routing

• Makes configuration simpler on very small network which will most


likely not grow.
• Limits the use of router resources (memory, CPU)

2013-01-01 13
Limits of static routing

• Doesn’t scale well.


• Manual configuration is required every time a new subnet needs to be
reached.

2013-01-01 14
Limits of static routing, example

Your network grows and you need to


add links to remote routers (and
subnets).
• Assume that all routers have 2
LAN subnets and 1 or more WAN
subnets.

2013-01-01 15
Limits of static routing, example

How many static routes to add on


router-1?
• Routers 3 to 5 : 9
• Router 2 : 2
• Router 6 and 7 : 4
Total of 15 static routes to add
manually!!

2013-01-01 16
Creating routes

• To add a static route :


– IP -> Routes
– + (Add)
– Specify destination subnet and
mask
– Specify “Gateway” (next hop)

2013-01-01 17
Setting the default route

• The route 0.0.0.0/0


– Known as the Default route.
– It is the destination where all traffic to unknown subnets will be forwarded.
– It is also a static route.

2013-01-01 18
Managing dynamic routes

• As mentioned before, dynamic routes are added by the routing process,


not by the administrator.
• This is done automatically.
• You can’t manage dynamic routes. If the interface to which the
dynamic route is linked goes down, so does the route!

2013-01-01 19
Managing dynamic routes, example

2013-01-01 20
Implementing static routing on simple networks

Consider the following example.

2013-01-01 21
Implementing static routing on simple networks

• Exercise:
Assuming ip addresses have been properly entered, what commands
would you use to enable complete communications for both subnets (LAN1
and LAN2)?

(Answer on next slide. Don’t peak )

2013-01-01 22
Implementing static routing on simple networks

• router-1
/ip route
add gateway=172.22.0.18
add dst-address=10.1.2.0/24 gateway=10.0.0.2

• router-2
/ip route
add gateway=10.0.0.1

2013-01-01 23
Time for a practical exercise

End of module 2

2013-01-01 24
Laboratory

• Goals of the lab


– Gain connectivity to other POD LANs
– Validate use of default route
– View and explain route flags

2013-01-01 25
Laboratory : Setup

2013-01-01 26
Laboratory : step 1

• Delete the default route that was created in module 1


• Ping other PODs’ computers. Note results
• Create static routes to other PODs’ LAN subnets
• Ping other PODs’ computers. Note results

2013-01-01 27
Laboratory : step 2

• Open a Web browser and try accessing Mikrotik’s Web page. Note

results

• Create the default route using the trainer’s router as the gateway

• Open a Web browser and try accessing Mikrotik’s Web page. Note

results

2013-01-01 28
End of Laboratory 2

2013-01-01 29

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