EARTHQUAKE

B.SURFACE WAVES – travel through the surface rocks

Earthquake – sudden earth movement or vibration in the earth’s a. Love (L) waves – which
crust cause the surface rocks to move
Causes of earthquakes: from side to side, at right angles to
the direction of wave movements
a.One tectonic plate sliding over or past another plate along the
b.Rayleigh (R) waves –
line of a fault b. Volcanic eruptions
which cause the surface rocks to
Main types of regions where earthquake occurs: have a vertical circular movement
a.The mid-ocean ridges very similar to that of water in a
sea wave
b. The ocean deeps and volcanic islands
Seismograph – instrument that
c.Regions of crustal movements measures the intensity of an
*Major earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates earthquake
Nature of Earthquakes -This records the vibrations
produced by an earthquake
Focus – point at which Magnitude – refers to the total amount of energy released
an earthquake Richter Scale – the scale which gives the magnitude
originates (sometimes -this scale ranges from 0 to 8.9
it is several kilometers Intensity – refers to the effect produced by an earthquake
below the surface)

Epicentre – the point

on the earth’s surface
immediately above the
focus

This is where the shock

waves first hit the
surface

Types of SHOCK WAVES:

A.BODY WAVES – travel through the crust

a. Primary waves –
which cause the crustal
rock to move back and
forth in the direction of
wave movement
b.Secondary waves –
which cause the crustal
rock to move from side to
side, that is, at right angles
to the direction of wave
movement
*Most of the damage caused by an earthquake result from the 5.________________: point at which an earthquake originates
effects of the surface waves. 6.________________: refers to the effect produced by an earthquake
7.________________: refers to the total amount of energy released
8.________________: instrument that measures the intensity of an
earthquake
9.________________: the point on the earth’s surface immediately
above the focus
10.________________: the scale which gives the magnitude
B.Answer the following.

1.Give three regions where earthquakes occur.

2.Illustrate the relationship between the earth’s focus and

epicentre.

3.Illustrate how shock waves occur in R-waves and L-waves.

4.Sometimes earthquake is strong but the effect is minimal. Why?

Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________
Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________
Grade 7 Section: _______________________ Score: ___________
Grade 7 Section: _______________________ Score: ___________
GEOGRAPHY QUIZ
GEOGRAPHY QUIZ
A.Identify what is defined.
A.Identify what is defined.
P-waves L-waves focus intensity
seismograph P-waves L-waves focus intensity
seismograph
S-waves R-waves epicentre magnitude Richter
1._______________:body waves that cause the crustal rock to move S-waves R-waves epicentre magnitude Richter
from side to side 1._______________:body waves that cause the crustal rock to move
from side to side
2.__________________: body waves that cause the crustal rock to
move back and forth in the direction of wave movement 2.__________________: body waves that cause the crustal rock to
move back and forth in the direction of wave movement
3.___________________: surface waves that cause the surface rocks to
have a vertical circular movement 3.___________________: surface waves that cause the surface rocks to
have a vertical circular movement
4.___________________: surface waves that cause the surface rocks to
move from side to side 4.___________________: surface waves that cause the surface rocks to
move from side to side
5.________________: point at which an earthquake originates
6.________________: refers to the effect produced by an earthquake
7.________________: refers to the total amount of energy released
8.________________: instrument that measures the intensity of an
earthquake
9.________________: the point on the earth’s surface immediately
above the focus
10.________________: the scale which gives the magnitude
B.Answer the following.

1.Give three regions where earthquakes occur.

2.Illustrate the relationship between the earth’s focus and

epicentre.

3.Illustrate how shock waves occur in R-waves and L-waves.

4.Sometimes earthquake is strong but the effect is minimal. Why?