Solution

DERIVATIVES PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(b) continuous but not differentiable at x = 1
Explanation: continuous but not differentiable at x = 1
2.
d 2y
( )
dy
(c) 1 − x 2 − x dx + m 2y = 0
dx 2

Explanation: Given, y = sin(m(sin-1x)) ...(i)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get

( )
dy m
= cos msin − 1x ×
dx
√1 − x 2
dy
mcos ( msin x )
−1

⇒
dx
= ...(ii)
√1 − x 2
mcos ( msin x )
−1

⇒ y′ = ...(iii)
√1 − x 2
⇒
(√ )
1 − x 2 y ′ = mcos msin − 1x ( )
Differentiating again w.r.t. 'x', we get

(√ )
( − 2x )
y ′′ 1 − x2 + y′
2 1 − x2
√
( )√
1
= − m 2sin msin − 1x
1 − x2

⇒ y"(1 - x2) - xy' = -m2y

⇒ y"(1 - x2) - xy' + m2y = 0
d 2y dy
(
or 1 − x 2 ) dx 2
− x dx + m 2y = 0

cos 2 ( a + y )
3. (a) cos a
sin y
Explanation: sin y = x cos(a + y) ⇒ x= cos ( a + y )
Differentiating with respect to x,
dy dy
cosy = − xsin(a + y) + cos(a + y)
dx dx
dy dy
cosy dx + xsin(a + y) dx = cos(a + y)
dy
[cosy + xsin(a + y)] dx = cos(a + y)

[ cosy + cos
sin y
(a+y)
sin(a + y) ] dy
dx
= cos(a + y)

[ cos ( a + y ) cos y + sin ysin ( a + y )

cos ( a + y ) ] dy
dx
= cos(a + y)
cos a dy
= cos(a + y)
cos ( a + y ) dx
dy cos 2 ( a + y )
=
dx cos a

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4.
(
y − 4x x 2 + y 2 )
(d)
(
4y x 2 + y 2 − x )
Explanation: Given, (x2 + y2)2 = xy
⇒ x4 + 2x2y2 + y4 - xy = 0
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

[
4x 3 + 2 2xy 2 + 2x 2y
dy
dx ] + 4y 3
dy
dx [
− y+x
dy
dx ] =0

dy
dx [4x y + 4y − x ]+ [4x
2 3 3 + 4xy 2 − y = 0 ]
dy [ − ]
4x 3 + 4xy 2 − y
=
dx
[ 4x y + 4y − x ]2 3

y − 4x ( x + y ) 2 2
dy
or dx =
4y ( x + y ) − x 2 2

5.
(d) 25y
Explanation: We have,
y = ae5x + be−5x
On differentiating w.r.t x, we get
d 2y
= 5ae5x − 5be−5x
dx 2
d 2y
= 25(ae5x+be−5x)
dx 2
d 2y
= 25y
dx 2
Hence, this is the answer.
6.
(b) 1.5
Explanation: [x] is always continuous at non-integer value of x. Hence, f(x) = [x] will be continuous at x = 1.5.
7.
(d) 2
Explanation: Since the given function is continuous,
Sinx
∴ k = lim x
+ Cosx
x→0
⇒ k=1+1=2
cos x
8. (a) 2y − 1
Explanation: ∵ y = (sinx + y) 1 / 2
dy 1 d
∴ = (sinx + y) − 1 / 2 ⋅ (sinx + y)
dx 2 dx

⇒
dy
dx
=
1
2
⋅
( sin
1
x + y )1 / 2
⋅
( cosx +
dy
dx )
⇒
dy
dx
=
1
2y ( cosx +
dy
dx )[ ∵ (sinx + y) 1 / 2 = y ]
⇒
dy
dx ( ) 1− 2y
1
=
cos x
2y
dy cos x 2y cos x
∴
dx
= 2y
⋅
2y − 1
= 2y − 1
.
Which is the required solution.

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 9.
mπ
(b) n = 2

{
π
mx + 1, if x ≤ 2 π
Explanation: We have, f(x) = π
is continuous at x = 2
sinx + n, if x > 2

∴ LHL = lim (mx + 1) = lim

x→ 2
π h→0
[( ) ]
m
π
2
−h +1 =
mπ
2
+1

and RHL = lim (sinx + n) = lim

x→ 2
π′ h→∞
[ ( ) ]
sin
π
2
+h +n

= lim cosh + n = 1 + n
n→0
Since the function is continuous, we have
LHL = RHL
π
⇒ m⋅ +1=n+1
2
π
∴ n=m⋅ 2

10.
− 4x
(d)
1 − x4

Explanation: We have, y = log

( ) 1 − x2
1 + x2

⇒
dy
dx
=
1
1 − x2
1 + x2
×
d
dx ( ) 1 − x2
1 + x2

dy [ ( 1 + x ) ( − 2x ) − ( 1 − x ) ( + 2x ) ]
1 + x2
2 2

⇒
dx
= × 2
1−x
(1+x ) 2 2

dy ( 1 + x ) [ − 2x − 2x − 2x + 2x ]
2 3 3

⇒
dx
= ×
(1−x ) (1+x )
2 2 2

⇒
dy
dx
=
1
1 − x2
1 + x2
⋅
dx
d
( ) 1 − x2
1 + x2

[
− 2x 1 + x 2 + 1 − x 2 ] − 4x
= =
1 − x4
( 1−x ) (1+x
2 ⋅
2
)
dy 1 × − 4x
⇒ =
dx
( 1−x ) (1+x )
2 2

dy − 4x
∴ =
dx 1 − x4

11.
(b) continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0
Explanation: Let u(x) = | x | and v(x) = ex
∴ f(x) = vof(x) = v[u(x)]

= v | x | = e |x|

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 Since, u(x) and v(x) are both continuous functions.
So f(x) is also continuous function but u(x) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0, whereas v(x) = ex is differentiable at everywhere.
Hence, f(x) is continous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0.
12.
(d) f is everywhere continuous but not differentiable at x = nπ, n ∈ Z
Explanation: We have, f(x) = | sinx |
Let f(x) = vou(x) = v[u(x)][where, u(x) = sinx and v(x) = | x | ]
= v(sinx) = | sinx |
Where, u(x) and v(x)are both continuous.
Hence, f(x) = vou(x)is also a continuous function but v(x)is not differentiable at x = 0
So, f(x) is not differentiable where sinx = 0 ⇒ x = nπ, n ∈ Z
Hence, f(x) is continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = nπ, n ∈ Z
13.
(c) 0

Explanation: We have, f(x) = x 2sin

()1
x
, where x ≠ 0

Since the function is continuous at x = 0, we have

f(0) = lim x 2sin

x→0
1
() 1
x
...(i)

Now, − 1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1
1
⇒ − x 2 ≤ x 2sin x ≤ x 2
1
⇒ lim ( − x 2) ≤ lim (x 2sin x ) ≤ lim (x 2)
x→0 x→0 x→0
1
⇒ 0 ≤ lim (x 2sin x
)≤0
x→0
Therefore by squeeze principle, we have
1
f(0) = lim (x 2sin x ) = 0
x→0
Hence, value of the function f at x=0 so that it is continuous at x=0 is 0.
14.
(d) discontinuous at exactly three points

4 − x2 (4−x )
2

Explanation: We have, f(x) = =

4x − x 3
x (4−x )
2

(4−x ) 2
4 − x2
= = x(2+x) (2−x)
x (2 −x )2 2

Clearly, f(x) is discontinuous at exactly three points x = 0, x = -2 and x = 2.

15.
(b) 2

(
Explanation: let u = cos − 1 2x 2 − 1 and v = cos − 1x )
du −1 − 4x
∴
dx
= .4x =
√1 − ( 2x2 − 1 ) 2 √1 − ( 4x 4 + 1 − 4x 2 )
− 4x − 4x
= =
√ − 4x 4 + 4x 2 √4x 2 ( 1 − x 2 )
−2
=
√1 − x 2

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 dv −1
and dx
=
√1 − x 2
du du / dx −2/ √1 − x 2
∴
dv
= dv / dx
= = 2.
− 1 1 − x2
√
Which is the required solution.

16.
(d) {x = nπ : n ∈ Z}
Explanation: We have f(x) = cot x is continuous in R − {nπ : n ∈ Z}
cos x
Since, f(x) = cotx = sin x
[since, sin x = 0 at nπ, n ∈ Z]
Hence, f(x) = cot x is discontinuous on the set {x = nπ : n ∈ Z}

{
1 − sin 3x π
2
, if x <
3cos x 2
π π
17. Given, f(x) = p, if x = is continuous at x = 2
2
q(1 − sinx) π
, if x >
(π − 2x) 2 2

We shall use definition of continuity to find the values of constants a and b.

π
Since f(x) is continuous at x= 2 ,

Therefore,(LHL) x = π = (RHL) x = π = f
2 2 () π
2
........(i)

Now, LHL = lim f(x) = lim f

x→ 2
π− h→0
( )
π
2
−h

1 − sin 3 ( )π
2 −h

= lim
h→0
3cos 2 ( ) π
2 −h

1 − cos 3 h
= lim 2
h → 0 3sin h

( )
( 1 − cos h ) 1 2 + cos 2 h + 1 × cos h
= lim
h→0 3 ( 1 − cos h ) 2

( 1 − cos h ) ( 1 + cos h + cos h ) 2

= lim 3 ( 1 − cos h ) ( 1 + cos h )

h→0

( 1 + cos 2 h + cos h )
= lim 3 ( 1 + cos h )
h→0
2
1 + cos 0 + cos 0
= 3 ( 1 + cos 0 )
1+1+1 3 1
= 3(1+1)
= 3×2
= 2
.......(ii)

and RHL = lim f(x) = lim f

x→ 2
π h→0
( ) π
2
+h

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 [ ( )]
q 1 − sin
π
2 +h

= lim
h→0
[ ( )]
π−2
π
2 +h
2

q ( 1 − cos h ) q ( 1 − cos h )
= lim 2
= lim
h → 0 ( π − π − 2h ) h→0 4h 2

(
q 2sin 2 2
h
)
= lim
h→0 4h 2 [ ∵ cosx = 1 − 2sin 2 2
x
]

[ ] () h 2
sin 2
q
= 8
lim h
h→0 2

=
q
8
×1=
q
8 [ ∵ lim
x→0
sin x
x ]
= 1 ...........(iii)

On substituting the values from Eqs. (ii) and (iii) to Eq.(i), we get
1
2
=
q
8
=f
() π
2

⇒
1
2
=
q
8
=p [ () ∵ f
π
2
= p( given ) ]
1 q 1
⇒
2
= 8
and 2
=p
1
∴ q = 4 and p = 2
dy π
18. If x = a (θ - sin θ) and y = a (1 + cos θ), then,we have to find find dx
at θ = 3
.
Now, x = a (θ - sin θ)
and y = a (1 + cos θ)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t θ, we get
dx dy
dθ
= a(1 − cosθ) and dθ
= − asinθ
dy dy / dθ − asin θ
∴ = =
dx dx / dθ a ( 1 − cos θ )
θ θ
dy − 2asin 2 cos 2
⇒ = θ
dx
a × 2sin 2 2
dy θ
⇒
dx
= − cot 2
π
On putting θ = 3
, we get

[] dy
dx
θ= 3
π = − cot 6 = − √3
π

dy π
Hence, dx
at θ = 3
is − √3.
19. Given,

x = sin
( ) 1
a
logy

(log y) = a sin-1x
−1
y = e asin x ...(i)
To prove: (1 - x2) y2 - xy1 - a2y = 0
We notice a second-order derivative in the expression to be proved so first take the step to find the second-order derivative.
d 2y
Let's find
dx 2

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 As,
d 2y
dx 2
=
d
dx ()dy
dx

So, lets first find dy/dx

−1
∵ y = e asin x

Let t = asin-1x

⇒
dt
dx
=
a

√ ( 1 − x2 ) [ d
dx
sin − 1x =
1

√ ( 1 − x2 ) ]
And y = et
dy dy dt
dx
= dt dx
−1
dy a ae asin x

dx
= et = ...(ii)
√ ( 1 − x2 ) √ ( 1 − x2 )
Again differentiating with respect to x applying product rule:

d 2y
dx 2
= ae asin
−1 x
dx
d

( ) √
1

1 − x2
+
a

√ ( 1 − x2 )
d
dx
e asin
− 1x

Using chain rule and equation (ii)

−1 −1
d 2y ae asin x a 2e asin x
= − ( − 2x) +
dx 2
(
2 1 − x2 ) √1 − x 2
( 1−x ) 2

d d 1
[using dx (x ) = nx
n n−1
dx
sin − 1x =
√ ( 1 − x2 )
]

−1 −1
d 2y xae asin x
a 2e asin x
= +
dx 2
( 1 − x ) √1 − x
2 2
(1−x ) 2

−1
d 2y xae asin x
( 1 − x2 ) dx 2
= a 2e asin
− 1x
+
√1 − x 2
Using equation (i) and equation (ii)
d 2y
( )
dy
1 − x2 = a 2y + x dx
dx 2

∴ (1 - x2) y2 - xy1 - a2y = 0

Hence proved.

20. Let u = tan − 1

( ) √1 − x 2
x

Put x = sinθ
⇒ θ = sin-1x

⇒ u = tan − 1
( sin θ

√1 − sin 2 θ )
⇒ u = tan − 1
( ) sin θ
cos θ

⇒ u = tan-1(tan θ) ...(i)
And
Let v = sin − 1(2x 1 − x 2) √
v= sin − 1(2sinθ √1 − sin2θ)
v = sin-1(2 sin θ cos θ)

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 v = sin-1(sin 2θ) ...(ii)
Here,
1 1
− <x<
√2 √2
1 1
⇒ − < sinθ <
√2 √2
π π
⇒ − 4
<θ< 4
So, from equation (i)

[
u = θ since, tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈
( π π
− ,
2 2 )]
⇒ u = sin-1x
Differentiating it with respect to x,
du 1
dx
= ....(iii)
√1 − x 2
from equation (ii),

[
v = 2θ since, sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈
[ π π
− 2, 2 ]]
⇒ v = 2sin-1x
Differentiating it with respect to x,
dv 2
dx
= ...(iv)
√1 − x 2
Dividing equation (iii) by (iv),

( )( )
du
dx 1 √1 − x 2
dv = 2
dx √1 − x 2
du 1
∴
dv
= 2
.

21. Given: (log x)x + xlog x

Let y = (log x)x + xlog x
Let y = u + v
⇒ u = (log x)x and v = xlog x
For, u = (log x)x
Taking log on both sides, we get
log u = log (log x)x
⇒ log u = x.log (log (x))

Now, differentiate both sides with respect to x

d d
(logu) = [x ⋅ log(logx)]
dx dx

⇒
1 du
u dx
=x⋅
d
dx )
log(logx) + log(logx) ⋅
d
dx
(x)

⇒
du
dx
=u x⋅ [ 1
log x dx
d
(logx) + log(logx) ⋅ (1) ]
⇒
du
dx
= (logx) x [ x
log x
⋅
1
x
+ log(logx) ⋅ (1) ]
⇒
du
dx
= (logx) x
[
1 + log ( log x ) ⋅ ( log x )
log x ]
du
⇒ = (logx) x − 1[1 + logx ⋅ log(logx)]
dx

For, v = xlog x

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 Taking log on both sides, we get
log v = log (xlog x)
⇒ log v = log x. log x

Now, differentiate both sides with respect to x

d d
dx
(logv) = dx [(logx) ] 2

1 dv d
⇒
v dx
= 2 ⋅ logx dx (logx)

⇒
dv
dx
=v 2⋅ [ log x
x ]
⇒
dv
dx
= x log x 2 ⋅
[ log x
x ]
dv
⇒ = 2 ⋅ x log x − 1 ⋅ logx
dx
Because, y = u + v
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
dy
⇒
dx
= (logx) x − 1[1 + logx ⋅ log(logx)] + 2 ⋅ x log x − 1 ⋅ logx
22. Given,
x = a (cosθ + θ sinθ) ...(1)
y = a (sinθ - θ cosθ) ...(2)
To prove:
d 2x
(i) = a(cosθ − θsinθ),
dθ 2
d 2y
(ii) = a(sinθ + θcosθ)
dθ 2
d 2y sec 3 θ
(iii) =
dx 2 aθ
We notice a second order derivative in the expression to be proved so first take the step to find the second order derivative.
d 2y
Let's find
dx 2

As
d 2y
dx 2
=
d
dx () dy
dx
dx d
= a(cosθ + θsinθ)
dθ dθ
= a (-sinθ + θ cosθ + sinθ)
[differentiated using product rule for θ sinθ]
= aθ cosθ ...(3)
Again differentiating w.r.t. θ using product rule:
d 2x
= a( − θsinθ + cosθ)
dθ 2
d 2x
∴ = a(cosθ − θsinθ) ...proved (i)
dθ 2
Similarly,
dy d d d
dθ
= dθ
a(sinθ − θcosθ) = a dθ sinθ − a dθ (θcosθ)
= a cosθ + a θ sinθ - a cosθ
dy
∴
dθ
= aθsinθ ...(5)
Again differentiating w.r.t θ using product rule:
d 2x
= a(θcosθ + sinθ)
dθ 2
d 2x
∴ = a(sinθ + θcosθ) ...proved (ii)
dθ 2

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 dy
dy dθ
∵
dx
= dx
dθ

Using equations (4) and (5)

dy aθsin θ
dx
= aθcos θ
= tanθ

As
d 2y
dx 2
=
d
dx () dy
dx

∴ Again differentiating w.r.t x:

d 2y d
= tanθ
dx 2 dx
dθ
= sec 2θ [using chain rule]
dx
dx dθ 1
∵
dθ
= aθcosθ => dx
= aθcos θ
Putting a value in the above equation
We have:
d 2y 1
= sec 2θ ×
dx 2 aθcos θ
d 2y sec 3 θ
= ...proved (iii)
dx 2 aθ
Section B
23. According to the question, xy = ex − y
Taking log both sides ,
⇒ ylog x = (x − y)log e
e e
⇒ ylog ex = (x − y)
⇒ y(1 + logx) = x
x
⇒ y=
1 + log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,
d d
dy ( 1 + log x ) dx ( x ) − x dx ( 1 + log x )
⇒ = [ Using quotient rule of derivative]
dx ( 1 + log x ) 2
1
1 + log x − x ⋅ x 1 + log x − 1
= =
( 1 + log x )2
( 1 + log x ) 2
dy log x
∴ =
dx ( 1 + log x ) 2
Hence Proved

24. Given, y= tan − 1

( √1 + x 2 + √1 − x 2
√1 + x 2 − √1 − x 2 )
Put x2 = sinθ ⇒ θ = sin − 1x 2

∴ y = tan − 1
( √1 + sin θ + √1 − sin θ
√1 + sin θ − √1 − sin θ )

( )
θ θ θ θ θ θ θ θ

√ cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 + 2sin 2 cos 2 +

√ cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 − 2sin 2 cos 2

= tan − 1
√
θ θ θ θ

√
θ θ θ θ
cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 + 2sin 2 cos 2 − cos 2 2 + sin 2 2 − 2sin 2 cos 2

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 [ √( ) √( )
]
θ θ 2 θ θ 2
cos 2 + sin 2 + cos 2 − sin 2

= tan − 1

√( θ
cos 2 + sin 2
θ
) √(
2
−
θ
cos 2 − sin 2
θ
) 2

[ ( ) ( )
]
θ θ θ θ
cos 2 + sin 2 + cos 2 − sin 2

= tan − 1
( θ
cos 2 + sin 2
θ
) ( −
θ
cos 2 − sin 2
θ
)

( )
θ
2cos 2
−1
= tan θ
2sin 2

= tan − 1 cot 2
( ) θ

= tan − 1 tan [ ( )] π
2
−
θ
2
π θ
= 2
− 2
π 1
⇒ y= 2
− 2 sin − 1x 2
Therefore, on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
dy 1 1
dx
= − 2
(2x)
√1 − ( x2 ) 2
−x
=
√1 − x 4
25. Given,x = cos t(3 − 2cos 2t)
⇒ x = 3cos t − 2cos t
3

Differentiating both sides w.r.t t,

dx
dt
=3( − sin t) − 2(3)cos 2t( − sint)
dx
⇒
dt
= − 3sin t + 6cos 2tsin t..........(i)
Also, y = sin t(3 − 2sin 2t)
⇒ y = 3sin t − 2sin 3t
Differentiating both sides w.r.t t,
dy
⇒
dt
= 3 cos t - 2 × 3 × sin2t cos t
dy
⇒ = 3 cos t - 6 sin2t cos t ..........(ii)
dt
dy dy dt 3cos t − 6cos tsin 2 t
Now, = × = [From Eqs.(i) and (ii)]
dx dt dx − 3sin t + 6cos 2 tsin t
cos t − 2cos tsin 2 t
= 2
− sin t + 2cos tsin t

(
cos t 1 − 2sin 2 t ) cos t ⋅ cos 2t
= = sin t ⋅ cos 2t
sin t ( 2cos 2 t−1 )

= cot(t)

∴
dy
dx | at t = 4
π = cot
()
π
4
=1

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26. Given function is

{ {
| x | + 3, x≤ −3 − x + 3, x ≤ − 3
f(x) = − 2x, −3 < x < 3= − 2x, − 3 < x < 3
6x + 2, x≥3 6x + 2, x ≥ 3
First, we verify continuity at x = - 3 and then at x = 3
Continuity at x = -3
LHL = lim f(x) = lim ( − x + 3)
x→ ( −3)− x→ ( −3)−
⇒ LHL = lim [ − ( − 3 − h) + 3]
h→0
= lim (3 + h + 3)
h→0
=3+3=6
and RHL = lim f(x) = lim ( − 2x)
x→ ( −3)+ x→ ( −3)+
⇒ RHL = lim [ − 2( − 3 + h)]
h→0
= lim (6 − 2h)
h→0
⇒ RHL = 6
Also, f(-3) = value of f(x) at x = - 3
=-(-3) + 3
=3+3=6
∵ LHL = RHL = f(-3)

∴ f(x) is continuous at x = - 3 So, x = - 3 is the point of continuity.

Continuity at x = 3
LHL = lim f(x) = lim [ − (2x)]
x→3− x→3−
⇒ LHL = lim [ − 2(3 − h)]
h→0
= lim ( − 6 + 2h)
h→0
⇒ LHL = -6
and RHL = lim f(x) = lim (6x + 2)
x→3+ x→3+
⇒ RHL = lim [6(3 + h) + 2]
h→0
⇒ RHL = 20
∵ LHL ≠ RHL
∴ f is discontinuous at x = 3 Now, as f (x) is a polynomial function for x < -3 , -3< x < 3 and x > 3 so it is continuous in these

intervals.
Hence, only x = 3 is the point of discontinuity of f(x).
27. Let u = y x, v = x y, w = x x, then
u + v + w = ab
du dw dv
Therefore, dx
+ dx
+ dx
= 0 ...(1)
u= yx
Taking log both sides, we get
logu = logy x
logu = x. logy
Differentiate both sides w.r.t. to x
1 du 1 dy
u
. dx
= x. y . dx
+ logy.1

du
dx
=u [ x dy
.
y dx
+ logy ]
du
dx
= yx
( x dy
y dx
.
)
+ logy ...(2)

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 v = xy
Taking log both sides, we get
logv = logx y
logv = y. logx
1 dv 1 dy
v
. dx
= y. x
+ logx. dx

dv
dx
=v
[y
x
+ logx.
dy
dx ]
dv
dx
= xy
[ y
x
+ logx.
dy
dx ] ...(3)

w = xx
Taking log both sides, we get
logw = logx x
logw = xlogx
1 dw 1
.
w dx
= x. x
+ logx.1
1 dw
.
w dx
= 1 + logx
dw
dx
= w(1 + logx)
dw
dx
= x x(1 + logx)... (4)
dy − x x ( 1 + log x ) − y . x y − 1 − y xlog y
= (by putting(2), (3) and (4) in (1))
dx x . y x − 1 + x ylog x
28. According to the question, x = acosθ + bsinθ......(i)
and y = asinθ − bcosθ........(ii)
Differentiating both sides of Equations. (i) and (ii) w.r.t θ ,
dx
dθ
= − asinθ + bcosθ......(iii)
dy
and dθ
= acosθ + bsinθ.....(iv)
dy dy / dθ acos θ + bsin θ
Now, = = [ dividing Eq(iv) by Eq(iii) ]
dx dx / dθ bcos θ − asin θ
dy x
⇒
dx
= −y
[ From Equations. (i) and (ii)]........(v)
Differentiating both sides of Equation.(v) w.r.t x,

[ ]
dy
d 2y y ⋅ 1 − x ⋅ dx
⇒ = − [ Using quotient rule of derivative]
dx 2 y2

d 2y dy
∴ y2 − x dx + y = 0
dx 2
Hence Proved
29. We have, xy + yx = ab.........(i)
Let xy = v and yx = u......(ii)
Therefore,on putting these values in Eq. (i), we get,
v + u = ab
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get,
dv du
dx
+ dx
= 0........(iii)

Now consider, xy = v [ from Eq.(ii)]

Therefore,on taking log both sides, we get,
log xy = logv
⇒ y log x = log v

Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get,

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 1 dy 1 dv
y⋅ x
+ logx ⋅ dx
= v dx

⇒ v
( y
x
+ logx ⋅
dy
dx ) =
dv
dx

⇒
dv
dx
= xy
( y
x
dy
)
+ logx dx .........(iv) [ From Eq.(ii)]

Also, yx = u [From Eq(ii)]

Therefore,on taking log both sides, we get,
log yx = log u ⇒ x log y = log u
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t. 'x', we get,
1 dy 1 du
x⋅ y dx
+ 1 ⋅ logy = u dx
x dy 1 du
⇒
y dx
+ logy = u dx

⇒ u
[ x dy
y dx
+ logy =
] dy
dx

⇒ yx [ x dy
y dx
+ logy = ] du
dx
........(v) [ From Eq(ii)]

dv du
Therefore,on substituting the values of dx
and dx
from Eqs. (iv) and (v) respectively in Eq. (iii), we get

xy ( y
x
+ logx ⋅
dy
dx ) ( + yx
x dy
y dx
+ logy = 0 )
y dy x dy
⇒ x y + x ylogx ⋅ + yx ⋅ + y xlogy = 0
x dx y dx
dy x dy y
⇒ x ylogx ⋅ dx
+ yx y ⋅
dx
= − x y x − y xlogy

⇒
dy
dx [ x ylogx + y x ⋅
x
y ] = − xy ⋅
y
x
− y xlogy

dy − x y − 1 ⋅ y − y xlog y
∴ =
dx x ylog x + y x − 1 ⋅ x
30. We seek to show that
d 2y
( )
dy
1 − x2 − x dx − 2 = 0 where y = (sin-1 x)2
dx 2
Using the result:
d 1
dx
(sin − 1x) =
√1 − x 2
In conjunction with the chain rule, then differentiating y = (sin-1 x)2 w.r.t. x we have:
dy 2sin − 1x
dx
=
√1 − x 2
And differentiating a second time, in conjunction with the quotient rule, we have:

( ) ( )
1
2 2
( − 2x )
( √ 1 − x2 )
√1 − x 2
−
√1 − x 2
( 2sin − 1x )

d 2y
=
dx 2 ( √1 − x 2 ) 2
2xsin − 1x
2+
√1 − x 2
=
1 − x2
, considering the LHS of the given expression:
d 2y dy
LHS = 1 − x 2 ( ) dx 2
− x dx − 2

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 { }
2xsin − 1x

{ }
2+
√1 − x 2 2sin − 1x
(
= 1 − x2 ) 1 − x2
-x
√1 − x 2
-2

2xsin − 1x 2xsin − 1x
=2+ - -2
√1 − x 2 √1 − x 2
=0
31. Given, x sin(a + y) + sin a cos(a + y) = 0
− sin acos ( a + y )
⇒ x= sin ( a + y )
On differentiating both sides w.r.t y,we get

dx [ d d
sin ( a + y ) dy { sin acos ( a + y ) } − sin acos ( a + y ) dy { sin ( a + y ) }
]
=− ...[ By using quotient rule of derivative]
dy sin 2 ( a + y )

=
{ sin ( a + y ) ⋅ sin asin ( a + y ) + sina cos ( a + y ) cos ( a + y )

sin a
sin 2 ( a + y ) }
= {sin2(a + y) + cos2(a + y)}
sin 2 (a+y)

[ ]
sin a
= ⋅ 1 ∵ sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 1
sin 2 ( a + y )
dy sin 2 ( a + y )
∴
dx
= sin a
Hence Proved.
32. According to the question, y = x x
Taking log both sides,
⇒ log y = log x
x

⇒ log y = xlog x

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,

1 dy d d
⇒ =x (logx) + logx (x) [Using product rule of derivative]
y dx dx dx
1 dy 1
⇒
y dx
=x× x
+ logx ⋅ 1
1 dy
⇒
y dx
= (1 + logx)
dy
⇒
dx
= y(1 + logx).......(i)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,
d 2y d dy
⇒ = y dx (1 + logx) + (1 + logx) dx [Using product rule of derivative]
dx 2
d 2y 1 dy
⇒ =y× + (1 + logx) dx
dx 2 x
d 2y y dy
⇒ = + (1 + logx) dx
dx 2 x

⇒
d 2y
dx 2
=
y
x
+
1
y ( )( )
dy
dx
dy
dx
[ Using Equation(i)]

∴
d 2y
dx 2
−
1
y () dy 2
dx
−
y
x
=0

Hence Proved
33. Differentiating both sides of the given relation with respect to x, we get
d
dx {log (x 2 + y2 )} = 2
d
dx { ( )}
tan − 1
y
x
q

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 ⇒
1
x2 + y2
× dx
d
(x 2
+ y2 = 2 ×) 1+
1
( y / x )2
×
d
dx ()y
x

{ }
dy

{ (x ) + (y ) } = 2 ×
1 d d x2 x dx − y × 1
⇒
2 2
x2 + y2 dx dx x2 + y2 x2

⇒
1
x2 + y2 { 2x + 2y dx
} { dy
=
2
x2 + y2
dy
x dx − y
}
⇒
{
2 x + y dx
dy
} { }
= 2 x dx − y
dy

dy dy
⇒ x + y dx = x dx − y
dy
⇒
dx
(y − x) = − (x + y)
dy x+y
⇒ =
dx x−y
LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.
34. According to the question,
x = a (cos t + t sin t)
dx
dt
= -a sin t + a t cos t + a sin t
= a t cos t
d 2x
= -a t sin t + a cos t
dt 2
y = a(sin t - t cos t)
dy
dt
= a cos t - a cos t + a t sin t
= a t sin t
d 2y
= a t cos t + a sin t
dt 2
dx d 2y dy d 2x
− dt 2
d 2y dt dt 2 dt
=
dx 2
( ) dx 3
dt

atcos t ( atcos t + asin t ) − atsin t ( − atsin t + acos t )

=
( atcos t ) 3
a 2t 2cos 2 t + a 2tcos tsin t + a 2t 2sin 2 t − a 2tsin tcos t
=
( atcos t ) 3
a 2t 2 1
= =
a 3t 3cos 3 t atcos 3 t
Put the value of t in above equation,

d 2y
dx 2 | x
t= 4
= π
1

a × 4 cos 3 4
x
π =
8√ 2

πa

35. Given,(x − y)e x − y = a

Taking log both sides,

[ ]
x
⇒ log (x − y) ⋅ e x − y = log a

x
⇒ log(x − y) + loge x − y = log a [log(mn) = log m + log n]
x
⇒ log(x − y) + x−y
log ee = log a [log ee = 1]
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,

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 ⇒
d
dx
[log(x − y)] + dx
d
( )x−y
x

d
=
d
dx
(loga)
d
1 d ( x − y ) dx ( x ) − x dx ( x − y )
⇒ (x − y)+ = 0 [Using quotient rule of derivative]
x − y dx ( x − y )2
dy
where,y ′ =
dx
⇒ (x − y)(1 − y ′ ) + x − y − x(1 − y ′ ) = 0
⇒ yy ′ + x − 2y = 0
dy
∴ y dx + x = 2y
Hence Proved.

36. Let u = tan-1 ( ) cos x

1 + sin x

Let u = tan-1 tan [ ( )] π

4
−
x
2
⇒ u=
π
4
−
x
2

Differentiating it with respect to x

du
dx
=0− ()1
2
du
dx
= −
1
2
......(i)

Let v = sec-1 x
Differentiating it with respect to x
dv 1
dx
= ......(ii)
√
x x2 − 1
du
dx 1 √
x x2 − 1 du √
− x x2 − 1
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), dv = − 2
× 1 dx
= 2
.
dx

37. According to the question, x = ae θ(sinθ − cosθ)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t θ,

[ ]
dx d
⇒
dθ
= a dθ e θsinθ − e θcosθ

=a [ d
dθ (e sinθ ) −
θ
dθ
d
(e cosθ ) ]
θ

[
= a eθ
d
dθ
(sinθ) + sinθ
dθ
d
(e ) − eθ θ
d
dθ
(cosθ) − cosθ
d
dθ (e )][using product rule of derivative]
θ

[ ]
= a e θcosθ + e θsinθ − e θ( − sinθ) − e θcosθ

= a [e cosθ + e sinθ + e sinθ − e cosθ ]

θ θ θ θ

dx
⇒
dθ
= a [2e sinθ ] = 2ae sinθ.....(i)
θ θ

We have y = ae θ(sinθ + cosθ)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. θ,

⇒
dy
dθ
=a [ d
dθ (e sinθ ) + (e cosθ ) ]
θ
dθ
d
θ

[ d d
( )
d
= a e θ dθ (sinθ) + sinθ dθ e θ + e θ dθ (cosθ)+ cosθ dθ e θ ] [ using product rule of derivative]
d
( )
[
= a e θcosθ + e θsinθ − e θsinθ + e θcosθ ]
= a [2e cosθ ]θ

dy
⇒ = 2ae θcosθ......(ii)
dθ

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 dy dy dθ 2ae θcos θ
Now, = × = [ From Equations(i) and (ii)]
dx dθ dx 2ae θsin θ
= cot θ
π dy π
At, θ = 4 dx
, = cot 4 = 1​

38. Let, y = tan − 1

( cos x + sin x
cos x − sin x )

[ ]
cos x + sin x
cos x
⇒ y = tan − 1 cos x − sin x
cos x

[ ]
cos x sin x
cos x + cos x
⇒ y = tan − 1 cos x sin x
cos x − cos x

⇒ y = tan − 1 [ 1 + tan x
1 − tan x ]

[ ]
π
tan 4 + tan x
⇒ y= tan − 1 π
1 − tan 4 tan x

⇒ y = tan − 1 tan
[ ( )] π
4
+x

π
⇒ y= 4
+x
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy
dx
=0+1
dy
∴
dx
=1
The differentiation of the given function y is as above.
dy 1
39. According to the question,we have to prove that = − if x√1 + y + y√1 + x = 0
dx ( 1 + x )2
where x ≠ y.
we shall first write y in terms of x explicitly i.e y=f(x)
Clearly, x√1 + y = − y√1 + x
Squaring both sides,we get,
x2(1 + y) = y2 (1 + x)
⇒ x2 + x2y = y2(1 + x)
⇒ x2 - y2 = y2x - x2y
⇒ (x - y)(x + y) = -xy(x - y)
⇒ (x - y)(x + y) + xy(x - y) = 0
⇒ (x - y)(x + y + xy) = 0
∴ Either, x - y = 0 or x + y + xy = 0
Now, x - y = 0 ⇒ x = y
But, it is given that x ≠ y
So, it is a contradiction
Therefore, x - y = 0 is rejected.
Now, consider y + xy + x = 0

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 −x
⇒ y(1 + x) = -x ⇒ y= 1+x
..........(i)
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
d d
dy ( 1 + x ) × dx ( − x ) − ( − x ) × dx ( 1 + x )
= [By using quotient rule of derivative]
dx ( 1 + x )2
dy (1+x) ( −1) +x(1)
⇒ =
dx ( 1 + x )2
dy −1−x+x
⇒ =
dx ( 1 + x )2
dy −1
∴ =
dx ( 1 + x )2

40. According to the question, if y = ex(sin x + cos x).............(i)

then,we are required to prove that,
d 2y dy
−2 + 2y = 0..........(ii)
dx 2 dx
We shall make use of product rule of differentiation in order to prove the required result.
Therefore,on differentiating both sides of Eq(i) w.r.t x, we get,

( )
dy d d
dx
= e x dx (sinx + cosx)+ (sinx + cosx) dx e x

= ex(cos x - sin x) + (sin x + cos x)ex

=e x [cos x - sin x + sin x + cos x]
= ex(2 cos x)
dy
⇒
dx
= 2e xcosx...............(iii)
Therefore,on differentiating both sides of Eq(iii) w.r.t x, we get,
d 2y d d
dx 2
= 2e x ( ) dx ( )
(cosx) + cosx dx 2e x [ By using product rule of derivative]

= 2ex(- sin x) + cos x.2ex

= 2excos x - 2ex sin x.........(iv)
d 2y dy
Therefore, on putting the value of and from Eq.(iv) and (iii) along with the value of y in LHS of Eq.(ii), we get,
dx 2 dx
d 2y dy
LHS = 2 − 2 dx + 2y
dx

= x
(2e cos x - 2ex sin x) - 2(2excos x) + 2ex(sin x + cos x)
= 2excos x - 2ex sin x - 4excos x + 2exsin x + 2excos x
= 4excos x - 4excos x = 0 = RHS
41. xy ⋅ yx = xx
⇒ y log x + x log y = x log x (taking log both sides)

differentiate both sides w.r.t. x, we get

⇒
( y⋅
1
x )(
+ logx ⋅
dy
dx
+ x⋅
1
y
⋅
dy
dx
+ logy ⋅ 1 =x ⋅
) 1
x
+ logx ⋅ 1

⇒
y
x
+ log () (y
x
− 1 =− logx +
x
y ) ⋅
dy
dx

dy
y
1 − x − log () y
x

⇒
dx
= x
log x + y

or
y
x [ x + xlog x − y − xlog y
ylog x + x ]

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42. Let, y = sin − 1
( ) ( ) x

√1 + x 2
+ cos − 1
1

√1 + x 2
Put x = tanθ

∴ y = sin − 1
( tan θ

√1 + tan 2
θ ) ( + cos − 1
1

√1 + tan 2 θ )
()
sin θ

⇒ y = sin − 1
cos θ

sec θ
+ cos − 1
( )1
sec θ

()
sin θ
cos θ
⇒ y= sin − 1 1 + cos − 1(cosθ)
cos θ

⇒ y = sin − 1(sinθ) + cos − 1(cosθ) ...(i)

Here, 0 < x < ∞
⇒ 0 < tan θ < ∞
π
⇒ 0<θ<
2
So, from equation (i),

y=θ+θ
[ since , sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈
[ − 2,
π π
2 ] , cos − 1(cosθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [0, π]]

⇒ y = 2θ
⇒ y = 2 tan-1x ... [Since, x = tan θ]
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy 2
∴ =
dx 1 + x2
LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.
43. We have, (cos x)y = (cos y)x
On taking log both sides, we get
log(cos x)y = log(cos y)x
⇒ y log(cos x) = x log(cos y)

On differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get

d d
y⋅ dx
log(cosx) + logcosx ⋅ dx
(y)

=x
dx
d
(
log cosy) + log(cosy)
dx
d
(x) [by using product rule of derivative]

1 d dy 1 d
⇒ y⋅ (cosx) + log(cosx) =x⋅ (cos y) + log cos y.1
cos x dx dx cos y dx
1 dy 1 dy
⇒ y⋅ cos x
( − sinx) + log(cosx) ⋅ dx
=x⋅ cos y
(-sin y) dx + log cos y.1
dy dy
⇒ - y tanx + log(cos x) dx =-x tan y dx + log(cos y)
dy
⇒ [ x tan y + log (cos x)]​​ dx = log(cos y) + y tan x
dy log ( cos y ) + ytan x
∴
dx
= xtan y + log ( cos x )
44. We know that, x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t) and y = b cos 2t (1 – cos 2t)
dy
⇒ = a[-2sin 2t sin 2t + 2cos 2t (1 + cos 2t)]....(I)
dt

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 dx
and dt
= b[2sin 2t cos 2t - 2sin 2t (1 - cos 2t)]...(ii)
dy dy dt b [ 2sin 2tcos 2t − 2sin 2t ( 1 − cos 2t ) ]
∴ = × = . [Using (i) and (ii)]
dx dt dx
[
a − 2sin 2 2t + 2cos 2t ( 1 + cos 2t ) ]
[ π
b 2sin 2 cos 2 − 2sin 2
π π
( π
1 − cos 2
)]
⇒
dy
dx ] at t = π / 4
=
a [ − 2sin 2 () π
2 + 2cos 2
π
( 1 + cos 2
π
)]
=
b
a
⋅
(0−1)
( −1−0)
=
b
a

45. x = a sin 2t(1 + cos 2t) and y = b cos 2t(1 - cos2t)

x = a sin 2t(1 + cos 2t)
y = b cos 2t(1 - cos 2t)
dx
= a[2cos 2t (1 + cos 2t) + sin 2t(-2 sin 2 t)]
dt

= 2a [cos 2t + (cos2 2t - sin2 2t)]

= 2a (cos 2t + cos 4t)
dy
dt
= b[-2 sin 2t(1-cos 2t) + cos 2t(2sin 2t)]
= 2b[-sin 2t + 2 sin 2t cos 2t]
= 2b(-sin 2t + sin 4t)
dy
dy dt

dx
= dx
dx
dy 2b ( − sin 2t + sin 4t )
dx
= 2a ( cos 2t + cos 4t )

dy
b ( π
− sin 2 + sin π )
=
dx
(
a cos 2 + cos π
π
)
b( −1+0) b
= a(0−1)
= a
x2 − 1
46. Given y=xsinx - cosx +
x2 + 1
x2 − 1
Let u = xsinx - cosx and v =
x2 + 1
Therefore, the given equations become,
y=u+v
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,we get,
dy du dv
= + ..........(i)
dx dx dx

Consider, u = xsinx - cosx

Therefore,on taking log both sides, we get,
log u = (sin x - cos x). log x
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
1 du 1
u dx
= (sinx − cosx) ⋅ x + log x.(cos x + sin x)

⇒
du
dx
= x sin x − cos x [ sin x − cos x
x
+ logx ⋅ (cosx + sinx) .......(ii) ]
x2 − 1 2
Now, consider v = =1−
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
d d

dv (x +1 )
2
dx ( 2 ) − 2 dx x 2 + 1( )
dx
=0− [By using quotient rule of derivative]
(x +1 ) 2 2

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 ⇒
dv
dx
= −
[ ] 0 − 2 ⋅ 2x

(x +1 )
2 2
=
4x

(x +1 )
2 2
................(iii)

Therefore,on substituting the values from Eqs.(ii) and (iii) to Eq.(i), we get,
dy
dx
= x sin x − cos x [ sin x − cos x
x
+ logx(cosx + sinx) + ] 4x

(x +1 )
2 2

47. x = aet (sin t + cos t) and y = aet (sin t - cos t) (Given)

dx
∴
dt
= a[et(cos t - sin t) + et(sin t + cos t)]
= -y + x
dy
and dt
= a[et (sin t - cos t) + et(sin t + cos t)]
=y+x
Therefore
dy dy / dt
dx
= dx / dt
dy x+y
or dx
= x−y
48. According to the question, y = sin − 1x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,
dy 1 dy
⇒
dx
=
√ 1 − x2
⇒
√1 − x 2 dx = 1
Squaring both sides,

⇒ (1 − x 2) − () dy 2
dx
=1

Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,

⇒
(1 − x ) 2 ( 2
dy
dx )( d 2y
dx 2 )() +
dy 2
dx
( − 2x) = 0

Dividing both sides by 2 () dy

dx
,

d 2y
(1 − x )
dy
2
⇒ − x dx = 0
dx 2
Hence Proved.
( cos x ) . . . ∞
49. We have, y = (cosx) ( cos x )
⇒ y = (cosx) y
∴ logy = log(cosx)
y

⇒ logy = ylogcosx

On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

1 dy d dy
.
y dx
= y. dx
logcosx + logcosx. dx
1 dy y d dy
⇒
y
.
dx
= cos x
. dx
cosx + logcosx. dx
1 dy y dy
⇒
y dx
. = cos x
. ( − sinx) + logcosx dx

⇒
dy
dx [ 1
y
− logcosx = ] − ysin x
cos x
= − ytanx

dy − y 2tan x
∴
dx
= ( 1 − ylog cos x )
y 2tan x
= ylog cos x − 1
Hence Proved.
50. Given,
y = (log(x + √x2 + 1)) 2

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 ⇒
dy
dx
= 2(log(x + √x2 + 1)) x + √x + 1
1
2 ( )
1+
√
1

2 x2 + 1
(2x)

⇒
dy
dx
= 2(log(x + √x2 + 1)) x + √x + 1
1
2 ( ) 1+
x

√x 2 + 1

( ) √x 2 + 1
x+
dy 1
⇒
dx
= 2(log(x + √ x 2 + 1))
x+ √x 2 + 1 √x 2 + 1
dy 2 ( log ( x + √x 2 + 1 )
⇒
dx
=
√x 2 + 1

( )
x
1+
√1 + x 2 x
2
x + √1 + x 2
× √1 + x 2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) ×
√1 + x 2
d 2y
⇒ =
dx 2
(√ ) 1 + x2
2

⇒
d 2y
=
2
( )√
√
1

1 + x2
× 1 + x 2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) × √1 + x
x
2

dx 2
(1+x ) 2

2
2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) × √1 + x 2
d y
⇒ =
dx 2
(1+x ) 2

We have to find out ,

d 2y
( )
dy
LHS = x 2 + 1 +x
dx 2 dx
x
2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) × √1 + x 2 2 ( log ( x + √x 2 + 1 )
= ( x2 +1 × ) (1+x ) 2
+x×
√x 2 + 1

2
x 2x ( log ( x + √x 2 + 1 )
= 2 − 2(log(x + √1 + x )) × √1 + x 2
+
√x 2 + 1
=2
= RHS
Hence Proved.
51. Given: x = a(cosθ + θsinθ)
dx
⇒
dθ
= a{( − sinθ) + sinθ + θcosθ} = aθcosθ ..... (i)
y = a(sinθ − θcosθ)
dy
⇒
dθ
= a{cosθ − cosθ− θ( − sinθ)} = aθsinθ ...... (ii)
dy
(2) ÷ (1) ⇒
dx
= tanθ

⇒
d
dx () dy
dx
=
d
dx
(tanθ)

d 2y d dθ
⇒ = (tanθ) ⋅
dx 2 dθ dx
1
= sec 2θ ⋅
aθcos θ
1
=
aθcos 3 θ

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52. According to the question, if, y = sin − 1 x√1 − x − √x 1 − x 2 . [ √ ]
We have to find the derivative of y w.r.t x.We shall make use of the substitution to find the derivative.

Now,y can be rewritten as y = sin − 1 x 1 − (√x) 2 − √x 1 − x 2 [√ √ ]

Now, put √x = sinθ and x =sinϕ, so that

[ √
y = sin − 1 sinϕ 1 − sin 2θ − sinθ 1 − sin 2ϕ √ ]
⇒ y = sin − 1[sinϕcosθ − sinθcosϕ] [ ∵
√1 − sin2x = cosx ]
⇒ y = sin − 1sin(ϕ − θ)[ ∵ sinϕcosθ − cosϕsinθ = sin(ϕ − θ)]

⇒ y=ϕ−θ [ ∵ sin − 1sinθ = θ ]

⇒ y = sin − 1x − sin − 1√x [ ∵ ϕ = sin − 1x and θ = sin − 1√x ]
On differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get

dy
dx
=
1

√1 − x
dy
2
−

1
√ 1 − ( √x )
1
2

1
×
d
dx
(√x)

1
[ ∵
d
dθ (sin θ ) = √
−1
1

1 − θ2 ]
⇒
dx
= − ⋅

√1 − x 2 √1 − x 2√ x
dy 1 1
Hence, dx
= −
√ 1 − x2 2 x − x2
√
53. Given,y = (x) x + (sinx) x
Let u = (x) x
andv = (sinx) x
Then, given equation becomes,y = u + v
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
.........(i)
x
Consider, u = x
Taking log both sides,
⇒ log u = logx
x

⇒ log u = xlogx

Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,

1 du d d
⇒
u dx
=x⋅ dx
(logx) + logx ⋅ dx
(x)[ using product rule of derivative]
1 du 1
⇒
u dx
=x⋅ x
+ logx. 1
1 du
⇒
u dx
= 1 + logx
du
⇒
dx
= u(1 + logx)
du
⇒ = x x(1 + logx)........(ii)
dx

Consider, v = (sin x)x

Taking log both sides,
⇒ logv = log(sinx)
x

Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,

1 dv d d
⇒
v dx
=x⋅ dx
log(sinx) + log(sinx) ⋅ dx
(x)[using product rule of derivative]
1 dv 1 d
⇒
v dx
=x⋅ sin x
⋅
dx
(sinx) + log sinx
1 dv 1
⇒
v dx
=x⋅ sin x
⋅ cosx + log sinx
1 dv
⇒
v dx
= xcotx + logsinx

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 dv
⇒
dx
= v(x cot x + log sin x)
dv
⇒ = (sin x)x(x cot x + log sin x).......(iii)
dx
Now, from Eqs.(i), (ii) and (iii), we get
dy
= xx(1 + log x) + (sin x)x(x cot x + log sin x).
dx
54. Let y = u + v
When u = x sin x, v = (sinx) cos x
dy du dv
dx
= dx dx
+ ...(i)
u= x sin x
Taking log both side
log u = logx sin x
log u = sinx. logx
diff. both side w.r. to x
1 du 1
u dx
= sinx. x
+ logxcosx

du
dx
=u
[ sin x
x
+ logx. cosx
]
du
dx
= x sin x
[ sin x + xlog x . cos x
x ]
v = (sinx) cos x
Taking log both sides
log v = log(sinx) cos x
logv = cosx. log(sinx)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t to x
1 dv 1
.
v dx
= cosx. sin x
(cosx) + log(sinx)(− sinx)
dv
dx
= v[cotx. cosx − log(sinx). sinx]
dv
dx
= (sinx) cos x[cotx. cosx − log(sinx). sinx]
Hence
dy
dx
= x sin x [ sin x + xlog x . cos x
x ] + (sinx) cos x[cotxcosx − log(sinx). sinx]

55. y = 3cos(logx) + 4sin(logx)

Differentiating both side w.r.t. to x
− 3sin ( log x ) 4cos ( log x )
y1 = x
+ x
xy 1 = − 3sin(logx) + 4cos(logx)
Again differentiating,
− 3cos ( log x ) 4sin ( log x )
xy 2 + y 1.1 = x
− x
x 2y 2 + xy 1 = − 3cos(logx) − 4sin(logx)
x 2y 2 + xy 1 = − y
x 2y 2 + xy 1 + y = 0
56. We have,
1
y = xsin − 1x 1 − x 2 ( ) −1/2
+ 2 log 1 − x 2 ( )
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
dy
dx
= dx
d
{ xsin − 1x 1 − x 2 ( ) −1/2
} +
1 d
2 dx {log(1 − x ) } 2

x (1 − x ) (x) + x ( sin x )(1 − x ) (1 − x ) (1 − x )

dy d d d 1 1 d
⇒ = sin − 1 2 −1/2 −1 2 −1/2 + xsin − 1x 2 −1/2 + × × 2
dx dx dx dx 2 1 − x2 dx

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 ⇒
dy
dx
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2
×1+x×
1

√1 − x 2
×
1

√1 − x 2
+ xsin − 1x × ( −
1
2 ) (1 − x ) 2 −3/2
d
dx (1 − x ) + ( ) (0 − 2x)
2
1

2 1 − x2

dy sin − 1 x x x ( sin x )−1

x
⇒ = + − (0 − 2x) −
dx 1 − x2 2 2
√1 − x 2 (1−x ) 2 3/2 1−x

⇒
dy
dx
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2
+
x 2sin − 1 x

(1−x ) 2 3/2
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2 { }
1+
x2
1 − x2
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2
×
1
1 − x2
=
sin − 1 x

(1−x )2 3/2

57. Given,
y = sin (sin x) ...(i)
d 2y dy
To prove: + tanx ⋅ + ycos 2x = 0
dx 2 dx
To find the above equation we will find the derivative twice.

As
d 2y
dx 2 =
d
dx () dy
dx

So, lets first find dy/dx

dy d
dx
= dx
sin(sinx)
Using chain rule, we will differentiate the above expression
Let t = sinx
dt
⇒ = cosx
dx
dy dy dt
dx
= dt dx
dy
dx
= cos t cos x = cos(sinx) cosx ...(ii)
Again differentiating with respect to x applying product rule:
d 2y d d
= cosx dx cos(sinx) + cos(sinx) dx cosx
dx 2
Using chain rule again in the next step-
d 2y
= -cos x cos x sin (sinx) - sin x cos (sin x)
dx 2
d 2y
= -y cos2x - tan x cos x cos (sin x)
dx 2
[using equation (i) : y =sin (sin x)]
And using equation (ii) we have:
d 2y dy
= − ycos 2x − tanx dx
dx 2
d 2y dy
+ ycos 2x + tanx =0
dx 2 dx
Hence proved.
58. ATQ,
x = ae θ(sin θ - cos θ), y = ae θ(sin θ + cos θ)

⇒
dx
dθ [ d
( ) ] and = a [e (sinθ + cosθ) + (sinθ + cosθ) (e ) ]
= a e θ dθ (sinθ − cosθ) + (sinθ − cosθ) dθ e θ
d dy
dθ
θ
d
dθ
d
dθ
θ

= a [e (cosθ + sinθ) + (sinθ − cosθ)e ] and = a [e (cosθ − sinθ) + (sinθ + cosθ)e ]

dx dy
⇒
θ θ θ θ
dθ dθ
dx dy
⇒
dθ
= a [2e sinθ ] and
θ = a [2e cosθ ]
dθ
θ

dy
dθ (
a 2e θcos θ )
∴
dx
= = cotθ
dθ a ( 2e sin θ )
θ

dy
dx
= Cotθ
The differentiation of the given function y wrt x is as above.

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 sin − 1 x d 2y dy
59. According to the question, if y =
√1 − x 2
, then we have to show that 1 − x 2 ( ) dx 2
− 3x dx − y = 0.

sin − 1 x
Now,we have, y =
√1 − x 2
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
d d

dy √1 − x 2 × dx ( sin − 1 x ) − ( sin − 1 x ) × dx √1 − x 2
dx
=
(√ ) 1 − x2
2

=
[√ 1 − x2 ×
√1 − x 2
1
− sin − 1x .
√
2 1 − x2
1
⋅
d
dx (1−x ) 2
]
(√ ) 1 − x2
2

=
[√ 1 − x2 ⋅
√
1

1 − x2
(
− sin − 1x ) ⋅
− 2x

√
2 1 − x2 ]
1 − x2
xsin − 1 x
1+
√1 − x 2
=
(1−x ) 2

dy 1 + xy
⇒ =
dx 1 − x2
dy
⇒
(1 − ) x 2 dx = 1 + xy
Therefore,on differentiating both sides of above equation w.r.t x, we get,

(1 − x ) ( )
d dy dy d d
2 ⋅
dx dx
+ dx ⋅
dx (1 − x ) = 2
dx
(1 + xy) [By using product rule of derivative]

d 2y dy dy
⇒
(1 − x ) 2
dx 2
+ dx
( − 2x) = 0 + x dx + y.1
d 2y dy dy
⇒
(1 − x ) 2
dx 2
− 2x dx − x dx − y = 0
d 2y dy
∴
(1 − x ) 2
dx 2
− 3x dx − y = 0

60. We have, LHS =

d
dx [ x
2 √ a2 − x2 +
a2
2
sin − 1 a
x

]
=
[ x
2
×
d
dx √ a2 − x2 + √ a2 − x2 × dx
d
() x
2
+
a2
2
× dx
d x
sin − 1 a ](By using product rule of derivative)

=
x
2
⋅
1

2 a 2 − x 2 dx
√
d
( a2 − x2 + ) √ a2 − x2 ⋅
1
2
+
a2
2
⋅
1
2
⋅
d
dx ()
x
a
(By using chain rule of derivative)

√
x
1−
a2

=
[ x
2
⋅
2 √
− 2x

a2 − x2
+ √ a2 − x2 ⋅ 2 +
1 a2
2
×

√ 1−
1
x2
a2
⋅
1
a
]

− x2 √a 2 − x 2 a2 1
= + + ⋅
2 2a
√
2 a2 − x2

√
a2 − x2
a2

− x2 √a 2 − x 2 a2 a
= + 2
+ 2a
×
2 √ a2 − x2 √ a2 − x2

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 − x2 √a 2 − x 2 a2
= + 2
+
2 a2 − x2
√ 2 a2 − x2
√
(
− x2 + a2 − x2 + a2 )
=
√
2 a2 − x2
2a 2 − 2x 2
=
√
2 a2 − x2

(
2 a2 − x2 )
=
√
2 a2 − x2

= √a 2 − x 2
= RHS
Hence Proved
2x 2 − 3
61. Here, it is given that y = xcot x +
x2 + x + 2
y=u+v
2x 2 − 3
Let u = xcot x and let v =
x2 + x + 2
log u = cot x log x
1 du 1
u dx
= cotx × x
+ log x × (-cosec2 x)

du
dx
= x cot x cotx × ( 1
x
- log x × cosec2 x)

2x 2 − 3
v=
x2 + x + 2

dv ( x + x + 2 ) × 4x − ( 2x − 3 ) ( 2x + 1 )
2 2

dx
=
(x +x+2 ) 2 2

4x + 4x + 8x − ( 4x + 2x − 6x − 3 )
3 2 3 2
dv
dx
=
(x +x+2 ) 2 2

dv 4x 2 − 2x 2 + 8x + 6x + 3
dx
=
(x +x+2 )
2 2

dv 2x 2 + 14x + 3
dx
=
(x +x+2 )
2 2

dy
dx (
= x cot x cotx × x - log x × cosec2 x) +
1 2x 2 + 14x + 3

( x +x+2 )
2 2

(
62. Given, x = a cosθ + logtan 2 , y = a sin θ
θ
)

( )
θ
dx sec 2 2 dy
dθ
= a − sinθ + θ dθ
= a cos θ
2tan 2

(
= a − sinθ +
1
sin θ )
=a
( − sin 2 θ + 1
sin θ )
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 acos 2 θ
= sin θ
dy dy dx
dx
= dθ
÷ dθ
dy sin θ
= acosθ ×
dx acos 2 θ
dy
dx
= tan θ
Differentiating with respect to x,we get
d 2y dθ
2 = sec 2θ dx
dx
d 2y sin θ
⇒ = (√2) 2 ×
dx 2 acos 2 θ
1

d 2y √2
⇒ =2×
dx 2
a
( ) 1

√2
2

d 2y 2√ 2
⇒ =
dx 2 a

[ ]
6x − 4 1 − 4x 2
√
63. Given y = sin − 1
5

1
Put, x = 2 sinθ

[ √ ( )
]
sin θ sin θ 2
6× 2 −4 1−4× 2

Therefore, y = sin − 1 5

( )
3sin θ − 4 1 − sin 2 θ
√
= sin − 1
5

= sin − 1
( 3sin θ − 4cos θ
5 )
= sin − 1
( 3
5
4
sinθ − 5 cosθ ...........(i)
)
Let cos ϕ =
3
5
, therefore,sinϕ = √1 − cos 2ϕ = √ () 1−
3
5
2

9 16 4
=
√ 1− 25
=
√ 25
= 5

Now, Eq(i) becomes,

y = sin − 1(cosϕsinθ − sinϕcosθ)
= sin − 1[sin(θ − ϕ)] = θ − ϕ

⇒ y = sin − 1(2x) − cos − 1 ()

3
5

Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,

dy 1 d
dx
= (2x) − 0
√1 − ( 2x ) 2 dx
2
=
√1 − 4x 2

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64. Given, y = x + tan x ...(i)
d 2y
As we have to prove: cos 2x − 2y + 2x = 0
dx 2
In order to find the double derivative, we will do the differentiation two times.

As
d 2y
dx 2
=
d
dx () dy
dx

So lets first find dy/dx and differentiate it again.

∴
dy
dx
=
d
dx
(x + tanx) =
d
dx
(x) +
d
dx
(tanx) [ ∵
dx
d
(tanx) = sec 2 × dx
d
(x ) = nx
n n−1
]
= 1 + sec2x
dy
∴
dx
= 1 + sec2x
Differentiating again with respect to x:
d
dx () dy
dx
=
d
dx (1 + sec x ) =2
d
dx
(1) +
d
dx (sec x ) 2

d 2y
= 0 + 2 secx secx tanx
dx 2
dz dz dt
[differentiated sec2x using chain rule, let t = secx and z = t2 ∴
dx
= dt
× dx
]
d 2y
= 2 sec2x tanx ...(ii)
dx 2
d 2y
As we got an expression for the second order, as we need cos2x term with
dx 2

Multiply both sides of equation (i) with cos2x:

We have,
d 2y
cos 2x = 2 cos2x sec2x tanx [ ∵ cosx × secx = 1]
dx 2
d 2y
cos 2x = 2tanx
dx 2
From equation (i)
d 2y
tanx = y - x ∴ cos 2x = 2(y − x)
dx 2
d 2y
∴ cos 2x − 2y + 2x = 0
dx 2
Hence proved
65. ATQ, (sin x)y = x + y
Taking log on both the sides,
log(sin x)y = log (x + y)
⇒ y log (sin x) = log (x + y)

Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule,

d d
dx
{ylog(sinx)} = dx
{log(x + y)}
d dy 1 d
⇒ y logsinx + logsinx = (x + y)
dx dx x + y dx

⇒
y
sin x dx
y ( cos x )
d
(sinx) + logsinx dx =

dy
dy

1
1
(x+y) [ ]1
1+
dy
dx
dy
⇒
( sin x )
+ logsinx dx = (x+y)
+ ( x + y ) dx

⇒
dy
dx ( logsinx − x+y
1
) =
1
(x+y)
− ycotx

⇒
dy
dx { ( x + y ) log sin x − 1
(x+y) } =
1 − y ( x + y ) cot x
x+y

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 ⇒
dy
dx
= { 1 − y ( x + y ) cot x
( x + y ) log sin x − 1 }
LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.
x2 + 1
66. Let y = x xcos x +
x2 − 1
x2 + 1
Also, Let u = xx cos x and v =
x2 − 1
∴ y=u+v
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
...(i)

Now, u = xx cos x
⇒ log u = log (xx cos x)
⇒ log u = x cos x log x
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1 du d d d
= cosxlogx (x) + xlogx (cosx) + xcosx (logx)
u dx dx dx dx

⇒
du
dx
du
[
= u cosxlogx + x( − sinx)logx + xcosx
( )]1
x

⇒
dx
= xx cos x (cos x log x - x sin x log x + cos x)
du
⇒
dx
= xx cos x[cos x (1 + log x) - x sin x log x] ...(ii)
x2 + 1
Again, v =
x2 − 1

⇒ log v = log(x2 + 1) - log(x2 - 1)

Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1 dv 2x 2x
= −
v dx x2 + 1 x2 − 1

( ) ( )
[ ]
2x x 2 − 1 − 2x x 2 + 1
dv
⇒
dx
=v
(x +1 ) (x −1 )
2 2

⇒
dv
dx
=
x2 + 1
x2 − 1 [( x2 + 1
− 4x

) (x −1 )
2 ]
dv − 4x
⇒
dx
= ...(iii)
(x −1 ) 2 2

From (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain

dy 4x
dx
= xx cos x[cos x(1 + log x) - x sin x log x] -
(x −1 )
2 2

67. Let y = xlogx + (log x)x

Also, let u = (log x)x and v = xlog x
∴ y = v + u

dy dv du
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
...(i)

Now, u = (log x)x

⇒ log u = log[(log x)x]
⇒ log u = x log(log x)

Differentiating both sides with respect to x,

1 du d d
u dx
= log(logx) dx (x) + x dx [log(logx)]

⇒
du
dx [
= u log(logx) + x log x dx (logx)
1 d
]
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 ⇒
du
dx
= (logx) x log(logx) + [ log x
x
×
1
x ]
⇒
du
dx
= (logx) x log(logx) +
[ log x
1
] ...(ii)

Also, v = xlog x
⇒ log v = log xlog x
⇒ log v = log x log x = (log x)2
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,

[(logx) ]
1 dv d
2
v dx
= dx
1 dv d
⇒
v dx
= 2(logx) dx (logx)
dv 1
⇒ = 2v(logx)
dx x
dv log x
⇒
dx
= 2x log x x
dv log x
⇒
dx
= 2x log x x
....(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain
dy
dx
= 2x log x
log x
x
+ (logx) x log(logx) +[ 1
log x ]
68. y = e acos − 1x
dy − 1x 1
dx
= − a. e acos .
√1 − x 2
dy − 1x
√1 − x 2 dx = − e acos .a
2
d y dy 1 − 1x −a
√1 − x 2 dx 2 + dx
×
√
2 1−x 2
× (− 2x) = − ae acos ×
√1 − x 2
−1
d 2y x dy a 2e acos x
√ 1 − x2 − =
dx 2 √1 − x 2 dx √1 − x 2
d 2y
( )
dy
1 − x2 −x − a 2y = 0
dx 2 dx
69. According to the question,we are given that x = 2 cosθ - cos 2θ
and y = 2 sin θ - sin 2θ

then we have to prove that

dy
dx
= tan
()3θ
2
.

Therefore, differentiating both sides w.r.t θ, we get,

dx
dθ
= − 2sinθ + 2sin2θ
dy
and = 2cosθ − 2cos2θ
dθ
dy dy / dθ 2 ( cos θ − cos 2θ )
∴
dx
= dx / dθ
= 2 ( − sin θ + sin 2θ )

[ ( ) ( )
]
C+D D−C

( ) ( )
2sin
θ + 2θ
2 sin
2θ − θ
2
∵ cosC − cosD = 2sin
2
sin
2
=

[ ( ) ( )] ( ) ( )
2θ + θ 2θ − θ C+D C−D
2 cos 2 sin 2 and sinC − sinD = 2cos sin
2 2

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 sin ( ) ()
3θ
2 sin
θ
2

=
cos ( ) ( )
3θ
2 sin
θ
2

= tan
() 3θ
2

70. Let y = u + v, where u = (x)cos x and v = (cos x)sin x

Now, u = (x)cos x
⇒ log u = (cos x)(log x)

1 du d d
⇒
u
⋅
dx
= (cosx) ⋅ dx
(logx) + (logx) ⋅ dx
(cosx) [on differentiating w.r.t. x]
1
= (cosx) ⋅ x
+ (log x)(-sin x)

⇒
du
dx
du
=u⋅
{ cos x
x
− (log x)(sin x)}

cos x
⇒
dx
= (x)cos x { x
- (log x)(sin x)} ......(i)

And, v = (cos x)sin x

⇒ log v = (sin x) log (cos x)

1 dv d d
⇒
v
⋅
dx
= (sinx) ⋅ dx
{log(cosx)} + log(cosx) ⋅ dx
(sinx) [on differentiating w.r.t. x]

⇒
dv
dx
=v⋅ { (sinx) ⋅
( − sin x )
cos x
+ log (cos x) ⋅ cos x}

dv
⇒
dx
= (cos x)sin x ⋅ {-sin x tan x + cos x ⋅ log (cos x)} ....(ii)
∴ y = (u = v)
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
dy cos x
⇒
dx
= (x)cos x { x
- (log x)(sin x)} + (cos x)sin x ⋅ {-sin x tan x + cos x ⋅ log (cos x)}
2x 2 − 3
71. Given that, y = xcot x + .
x2 + x + 2
2x 2 − 3
Let u = xcot x and v =
x2 + x + 2
Then, given equation becomes
y=u+v
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,we get,
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
.........(i)

Consider u = x cot x
Therefore,on taking log both sides, we get,
log u= cot x log x
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x,we get,
1 du 1
u dx
= cotx ⋅ x
− cosec 2x ⋅ logx

⇒
du
dx
=u ( cot x
x
− cosec 2x ⋅ logx )
= x cot x ( cot x
x
− cosec 2x ⋅ logx .........(ii) )
2x 2 − 3
Now, consider v =
x2 + x + 2
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x,we get,

dv ( x + x + 2 ) ( 4x ) − ( 2x − 3 ) ( 2x + 1 )
2 2

dx
= [ By using quotient rule of derivative]
(x +x+2 ) 2 2

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 4x 3 + 4x 2 + 8x − 4x 3 − 2x 2 + 6x + 3
=
(x +x+2 )
2 2

2x 2 + 14x + 3
= ....................(iii)
(x +x+2 )
2 2

Therefore,on substituting the values of Eqs.(ii) and (iii) to Eq.(i), we get,

dy
dx
= x cot x (cot x
x
− cosec 2x ⋅ logx + ) 2x 2 + 14x + 3

(x +x+2 )
2 2

72. Given, y 2 +
()dy 2
dx
= a2 + b2.......(i)

dy
We shall first find dx
and then use it in L.H.S of (i).
Now, y = a sin x + b cos x..........(ii)
Therefore,on differentiating both sides of Eq.(ii) w.r.t x, we get,
dy
dx
= a cos x - b sin x
Now, let us take LHS of Eq.(i),

Here, LHS = y2 +
() dy 2
dx

Therefore,on putting the value of y and dy/dx, we get

LHS = (a sin x + b cos x)2 + ( a cos x - b sin x)2
= a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x + 2ab sin x cos x + a2 cos2 x - b2 sin2 x +2ab sin x cos x
= a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x + a2 cos2 x - b2 sin2 x
= a2 (sin2 x + cos2 x) + b2 (sin2x + cos2 x)
= a2 + b2
= RHS

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