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for LS maths s9

The document explains mathematical expressions and indices, defining expressions as math sentences without equals signs and providing examples. It introduces indices as a shorthand for repeated multiplication, with rules for simplifying expressions involving powers. Additionally, it includes examples of simplifying expressions using indices and emphasizes the importance of identifying like terms.

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3 views

for LS maths s9

The document explains mathematical expressions and indices, defining expressions as math sentences without equals signs and providing examples. It introduces indices as a shorthand for repeated multiplication, with rules for simplifying expressions involving powers. Additionally, it includes examples of simplifying expressions using indices and emphasizes the importance of identifying like terms.

Uploaded by

shahasma1026
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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✨
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Part 1: What are Expressions?


An expression is just a math sentence without an equals sign.
It’s made up of numbers, letters (variables), and operations like +, –, ×, ÷.
Examples:
● 3x + 2
● 5a – 4
● 2xy + 7
Expressions show a rule or pattern — but they don’t give a final answer
unless you substitute values in.

Part 2: What are Indices (also called Powers or Exponents)?


Indices are a way to write repeated multiplication more simply.
Example:
● x × x = x² (say: "x squared")
● x × x × x = x³ (say: "x cubed")
● x × x × x × x = x⁴
So:
● x² means x multiplied by itself 2 times
● x³ means x multiplied by itself 3 times
● And so on…

✍ Example using expressions and indices together:


Expression: 2x² + 3x
Let’s break this down:
● x² means x × x
● 2x² means 2 × x × x
● 3x means 3 × x
So the whole expression is: (2 × x × x) + (3 × x)

Quick Rules of Indices:


These are super helpful when simplifying expressions with powers:
Rule Example What it means
x² × x³ = x⁵ Multiply: add powers 2 powers become 5
x⁵ ÷ x² = x³ Divide: subtract 5–2=3
powers
(x²)³ = x⁶ Power of a power: 2×3=6
multiply powers
x⁰ = 1 Anything to the power Always true (except
of 0 = 1 when x = 0)
Example: Simplifying with Indices
Simplify: x² × x³ × x
● Step 1: Add all the powers: 2 + 3 + 1 = 6
● Final answer: x⁶

Another Example:
Simplify: 2x² × 3x⁴
● Multiply the numbers: 2 × 3 = 6
● Add powers of x: x² × x⁴ = x⁶
● Final answer: 6x⁶

Bonus Tip: Don’t mix up terms


● 2x and 3x are like terms → you can add them: 2x + 3x = 5x
● But 2x² and 3x are not like terms → can’t add directly

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