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Chapter 1 of Class 9 Mathematics covers Number Systems, detailing types of numbers including natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, and real numbers. It explains the laws of exponents, operations on real numbers, and methods for representing real numbers on a number line. Additionally, it discusses rationalization and important properties of real numbers such as closure, commutative, associative, and distributive properties.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 viewsCLASS - 9 MATHS CH -1
Chapter 1 of Class 9 Mathematics covers Number Systems, detailing types of numbers including natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, and real numbers. It explains the laws of exponents, operations on real numbers, and methods for representing real numbers on a number line. Additionally, it discusses rationalization and important properties of real numbers such as closure, commutative, associative, and distributive properties.
Uploaded by
Abinaya KesavanCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 9 Mathematics – Chapter 1: Number Systems
1. Introduction to Number Systems
● A number system is a way to represent and classify numbers.
● Types of numbers:
○ Natural Numbers (N): {1, 2, 3, …}
○ Whole Numbers (W): {0, 1, 2, 3, …}
○ Integers (Z): {…, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …}
○ Rational Numbers (Q): Numbers that can be written in the form p/q, where q
≠ 0.
○ Irrational Numbers (I): Numbers that cannot be written in p/q form (e.g., √2,
π, e).
○ Real Numbers (R): Combination of both rational and irrational numbers.
2. Rational and Irrational Numbers
Rational Numbers (Q)
✔ Can be written as p/q, where p and q are integers, and q ≠ 0.
✔ Examples: 1/2, -3/4, 5, 0.75 (since 0.75 = 3/4).
✔ Terminating or Repeating Decimals (e.g., 0.333... = 1/3).
Irrational Numbers (I)
✔ Cannot be written in p/q form.
✔ Non-terminating, non-repeating decimals (e.g., π = 3.141592…).
✔ Examples: √2, √3, π, e (Euler’s number).
3. Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers
✔ Multiplication Rule: a^m × a^n = a^(m+n)
✔ Division Rule: a^m ÷ a^n = a^(m-n)
✔ Power of a Power: (a^m)^n = a^(m×n)
✔ Zero Exponent: a^0 = 1 (where a ≠ 0)
✔ Negative Exponent: a^(-n) = 1/a^n
4. Representing Real Numbers on a Number Line
✔ To locate √2 on a number line, use the Pythagoras theorem:
● Draw a right-angled triangle with sides 1 unit each.
● The hypotenuse = √(1² + 1²) = √2.
● Mark this distance on the number line.
✔ Decimal Representation:
● Terminating decimals: Can be expressed as rational numbers.
● Non-terminating, repeating decimals: Are also rational.
● Non-terminating, non-repeating decimals: Are irrational numbers.
5. Operations on Real Numbers
✔ Addition and Multiplication of Rational Numbers always gives a rational number.
✔ Sum of Rational & Irrational is Irrational (e.g., 2 + √2 = irrational).
✔ Product of a Nonzero Rational & Irrational Number is Irrational.
✔ Sum/Product of Two Irrational Numbers can be Rational or Irrational (e.g., √2 × √2 =
2, which is rational).
6. Rationalization