Assignment_2023
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MaህJimma University
Institute of Health Science
Department of Epidemiology
Advanced Biostatistics Assignment
Submission date December 05, 2023
(Use SPSS software and give an appropriate interpretation for all questions)
1. In a study of 90 patients on renal dialysis, Farhad Atassi (A-7) assessed oral home care
practices. He collected data from 30 subjects who were in (1) dialysis for less than 1 year,
(2) dialysis for 1 to 3 years, and (3) dialysis for more than 3 years. The following table
shows plaque index scores for these subjects. A higher score indicates a greater amount of
plaque.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
2.00 2.67 2.83 2.83 1.83 1.83
1.00 2.17 2.00 1.83 2.00 2.67
2.00 1.00 2.67 2.00 1.83 1.33
1.50 2.00 2.00 1.83 1.83 2.17
2.00 2.00 2.83 2.00 2.83 3.00
1.00 2.00 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.33
1.00 2.33 2.17 1.67 2.83 2.50
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.33 2.50 2.83
1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.17 2.83
1.67 2.00 1.67 2.00 1.67 2.33
1.83 0.83 2.33 2.17 2.17 2.33
2.17 0.50 2.00 3.00 1.83 2.67
1.00 2.17 1.83 2.50 2.83 2.00
2.17 2.33 1.67 2.17 2.33 2.00
2.83 2.83 2.17 2.00 2.00 2.00
a. State both null and alternative hypotheses.
b. Setup ANOVA table and test whether there is significance difference between the
groups at a 5% significance level.
c. If your answer in b is there is significance difference between the group mean, then
analyze your data by using the appropriate post hoc test.
2. A remotivation team in a psychiatric hospital conducted an experiment to compare five
methods for remotivating patients. Patients were grouped according to level of initial
motivation. Patients in each group were randomly assigned to the five methods. At the end
of the experimental period the patients were evaluated by a team composed of a
psychiatrist, a psychologist, a nurse, and a social worker, none of whom was aware of the
method to which patients had been assigned. The team assigned each patient a composite
score as a measure of his or her level of motivation. The results were as follows:
Level of Initial Remotivation Method
Motivation (Factor B)
(Factor A)
A B C D E
Nil 58 68 60 68 64
Very Low 62 70 65 80 69
Low 67 78 68 81 70
Average 70 81 70 89 74
Do these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate a difference in mean scores among
methods? Let 𝛼 = 0.05.
3. Ten girls selected at random received special instruction in personal care and grooming.
Two weeks after completion of the course of instruction the girls were interviewed by a
nurse. We wish to know if we can conclude that the median score of the population from
which we assume this sample to have been drawn is different from 5.
General Appearance Scores of 10 Mentally Retarded Girls
Girl Score
1 4
2 5
3 8
4 8
5 9
6 6
7 10
8 7
9 6
10 6
4. One of the purposes of a study by Liu et al. (A-5) was to determine the effects of MRZ
2/579 (a receptor antagonist shown to provide neuroprotective activity in vivo and in vitro)
on neurological deficit in Sprague–Dawley rats. In the study, 10 rats were to receive MRZ
2/579 and nine rats were to receive regular saline. Prior to treatment, researchers studied
the blood gas levels in the two groups of rats. The following table shows the 𝑷𝑶𝟐 levels
for the two independent groups.
Saline (mmHg) MRZ 2/579 (mmHg)
112.5 133.3
106.3 106.4
99.5 113.1
98.3 117.2
103.4 126.4
109.4 98.1
108.9 113.4
107.4 116.8
116.5
May we conclude, on the basis of these data, that, in general, subjects on saline have, on
average, lower 𝑷𝑶𝟐 levels at baseline? Let 𝛼=0.05.
5. Protoporphyrin levels were determined for three groups of people - a control group of
normal workers, a group of alcoholics with sideroblasts in their bone marrow, and a group
of alcoholics without sideroblasts. The data is shown below. Does the data suggest that
normal workers and alcoholics with and without sideroblasts differ with respect to
protoporphyrin level ? Use a Kruskal-Wallis test with a 0.05 significance level.
Group Protoporphyrin level (mg)
Normal: 22, 27, 47, 30, 38, 78, 28, 58, 72, 56, 30, 39, 53, 50, 36.
Alcoholics with sideroblasts: 78, 172, 286, 82, 453, 513, 174, 915, 84, 153, 780.
Alcoholics without sideroblasts: 37, 28, 38, 45, 47, 29, 34, 20, 68, 12, 37, 8, 76, 148, 11.
6. The kinetics of zidovudine in pregnant baboons was investigated in an effort to determine
dosing regimens in pregnant women, with the goal to maintain AZT levels in the
therapeutic range to prevent HIV infection in children (Garland, et al.,1996). As part of the
study, n = 25 measurements of AZT concentration (y) were made at various doses (x). The
values of AZT concentration (μg/ml) and dose (mg/kg/hr) are given in the following table.
AZT Conc. Dose
.169 .67
.178 .86
.206 .96
.391 .60
.387 .94
.333 1.12
.349 1.40
.437 1.17
.428 1.35
.597 1.76
.587 1.92
.653 1.43
.660 1.77
.688 1.55
.704 1.51
.746 1.82
.797 1.91
.875 1.89
.549 2.50
.666 2.50
.759 2.02
.806 2.12
.830 2.50
.897 2.50
.990 2.50
Based on the above data display the SPSS output and interpret the result.
a. Check whether there is an outlier or not?
b. Draw the scatter plot?
c. Cheek the assumption of simple linear regression.
d. Find the estimates and write the fitted model?
e. Construct a 95% confidence interval for 𝛽1?
f. Test the hypothesis that 𝐻0 : 𝛽1 = 0 𝑉𝑠. 𝐻1 : 𝛽1 ≠ 0 . (Use 𝛼 = 0.05).
g. Find the correlation coefficient?
h. Find coefficient of determination?
i. Draw the ANOVA table for simple linear regression?
7. Machiel Naeije (A-2) studied the relationship between maximum mouth opening and
measurements of the lower jaw (mandible). He measured the dependent variable,
maximum mouth opening (MMO, measured in mm), as well as predictor variables,
mandibular length (ML, measured in mm) and angle of rotation of the mandible (RA,
measured in degrees) of 35 subjects.
Based on the following data display the SPSS output and interpret the results.
a. Check whether there is an outlier or not?
b. Draw the scatter plot?
c. Cheek the assumption of multiple linear regressions.
d. Find the estimates and write the fitted model?
e. Construct a 95% confidence interval for 𝛽1 and 𝛽2?
f. Test the hypothesis of the estimates, 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 . (Use 𝛼 = 0.05).
g. Find the multiple correlation coefficients?
h. Find coefficient of determination?
i. Draw the ANOVA table for multiple linear regression?
MMO (Y) ML (X1) RA (X2)
52.34 100.85 32.08
51.9 93.08 39.21
52.8 98.43 33.74
50.29 102.95 34.19
57.79 108.24 35.13
49.41 98.34 30.92
53.28 95.57 37.71
59.71 98.85 44.71
53.32 98.32 33.17
48.53 92.7 31.74
51.59 88.89 37.07
58.52 104.06 38.71
62.93 98.18 43.89
57.62 91.01 41.06
65.64 96.98 41.92
52.85 97.85 35.25
64.43 96.89 45.11
57.25 98.35 39.44
50.82 90.65 38.33
40.48 92.99 25.93
59.68 108.97 36.78
54.35 91.85 42.02
47 104.3 27.2
47.23 93.16 31.37
41.19 94.18 27.87
42.76 89.56 28.69