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Chemistry SrSec 2025-26

The document outlines the course structure for Class XII Chemistry, detailing the theory and practical components, including topics such as Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Biomolecules, with a total of 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practicals. It provides a breakdown of marks for each unit, practical evaluation schemes, and suggested projects for students. Additionally, it includes guidelines for practical examinations, especially for visually challenged learners.

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LOVNEESH SINGH
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views8 pages

Chemistry SrSec 2025-26

The document outlines the course structure for Class XII Chemistry, detailing the theory and practical components, including topics such as Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Biomolecules, with a total of 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practicals. It provides a breakdown of marks for each unit, practical evaluation schemes, and suggested projects for students. Additionally, it includes guidelines for practical examinations, especially for visually challenged learners.

Uploaded by

LOVNEESH SINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE STRUCTURE

CLASS XII
THEORY
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70

S. No. Title Marks


1 Solutions 7
2 Electrochemistry 9
3 Chemical Kinetics 7
4 d -and f -Block Elements 7
5 Coordination Compounds 7
6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 6
7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 6
8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 8
9 Amines 6
10 Biomolecules 7
Total 70

Unit 1: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility


of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult’s law, colligative properties - relative lowering
of vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic
pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal
molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor

Unit 2: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its
application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell,
conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of
conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis
(elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel
cells, corrosion.

Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction:


concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and
specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order

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reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment),
activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
Unit 4: d and f Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of


transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic
character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property,
magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties
of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
Lanthanides - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and
lanthanide contraction and its consequences.
Actinides - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanides
Unit 5: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic


properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds.
Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance
of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological
system).

Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties,


optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen
in monosubstituted compounds only).
Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane,
tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of


primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols,
mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties,
acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids


Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of
preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition,
reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

10
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and
chemical properties; uses.

Unit 9: Amines
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and
chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic
chemistry.

Unit 10: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and


fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose),
polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins,


structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures
(qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea
excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

PRACTICAL

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks


Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
Project Work 04
Class record and viva 04
Total 30

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments,


wherever possible such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry
1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol

11
Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
Lyophobic sol – aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.
2. Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.
3. Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.

B. Chemical Kinetics
1. Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium
Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.
2. Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
 Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature
using different concentration of Iodide ions.
 Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO 3) and Sodium Sulphate:
(Na2SO3) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).
C. Thermochemistry
Any one of the following experiments
 Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
 Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).
 Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond
formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.
D. Electrochemistry
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes
(CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.
E. Chromatography
1. Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values.
2. Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations
only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds


1. Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.
2. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds


Preparation of any one of the following compounds
1. Acetanilide

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2. Di -benzalAcetone
3. p-Nitroacetanilide
4. Aniline yellow or 2 - Naphthol Aniline dye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds


Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary)
groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and


their detection in given foodstuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it


against a standard solution of:
1. Oxalic acid,
2. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

K. Qualitative analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cations: 𝑷𝒃𝟐+ ,𝑪𝒖𝟐+ , 𝑨𝒍𝟑+ , 𝑭𝒆𝟑+ ,𝑴𝒏𝟐+ , 𝑵𝒊𝟐+ 𝒁𝒏𝟐+ 𝑪𝒐𝟐+ 𝑪𝒂𝟐+ 𝑺𝒓𝟐+ 𝑩𝒂𝟐+ 𝑴𝒈𝟐+ , 𝑵𝑯+
𝟒
Anions: 𝑪𝑶𝟐−
𝟑 ,𝐒
𝟐−
, 𝐒𝐎𝟐− − − − − − 𝟐− 𝟑− −
𝟑 , 𝑵𝑶𝟑 , 𝑵𝑶𝟐 , 𝐂𝐥 , 𝐁𝐫 , 𝐈 ,𝑺𝑶𝟒 , 𝑷𝑶𝟒 , 𝐂𝐇𝟑 𝐂𝐎𝐎 , C2O4
2-

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

PROJECTS
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other
sources.
A few suggested Projects
a) Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.
b) Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
c) Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect
to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.
d) Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative under various
conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
e) Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature
on it.

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f) Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour,
gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
g) Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carom), Illaichi
(cardamom).
h) Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chili
powder and pepper.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work,
can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

Practical Examination for Visually Challenged Learners Classes XI and XII

Evaluation Scheme Marks


Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus 5

Written test (based on given/prescribed practical’s) 10


Practical Record 5
Viva 10
Total 30

General Guidelines
 The practical examination will be of two-hour duration.
 A separate list of ten experiments is included here.
 The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the
time of practical examination of all other students.
 The written test will be of 30 minutes’ duration.
 The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain
a total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would
be required to answer any 10 questions.
 A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.
 All questions included in the question papers should be related to the listed
practicals
 Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.
 These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected
to record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for
each subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal
examiner.
 The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim,
apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions
etc.
 Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used

14
for assessment.
 The viva questions may include questions based on basic
theory/principle/concept, apparatus/materials/ chemicals required, procedure,
precautions, sources of error etc.

List of apparatus for identification/familiarity for assessment in practical (All


experiments)

Beaker, glass rod, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, Whatman filter paper, gas
jar, capillary tube, pestle and mortar, test tubes, tongs, test tube holder, test tube stand,
burette, pipette, conical flask, standard flask, clamp stand, funnel, filter paper

Hands-on Assessment
 Identification/familiarity with the apparatus
 Odour detection in qualitative analysis

List of Experiments

The experiments have been divided into two sections: Section A and Section B.
The experiments mentioned in Section B are mandatory.

SECTION A

A. Surface Chemistry
1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
i. Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
ii. Lyophobic sol – Ferric hydroxide

B. Chromatography
Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values (distance values may be
provided).

C. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds


1. Alcoholic and Carboxylic groups
2. Aldehyde and Kenotic groups

D. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates and proteins in the given foodstuffs.

E. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds- Potash Alum

15
SECTION B (Mandatory)

F. Quantitative analysis
1. (a) Preparation of a given volume of the standard solution of Oxalic acid.
(b) Determination of molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard
solution of Oxalic acid.
2. The above exercise [F 1 (a) and (b)] to be conducted using Ferrous ammonium
sulphate (Mohr's salt)
G. Qualitative Analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cation - 𝑵𝑯+𝟒
Anions: 𝑪𝑶𝟐−
𝟑 ,𝐒
𝟐−
, 𝐒𝐎𝟐− −
𝟑 , , 𝐂𝐥 , 𝐂𝐇𝟑 𝐂𝐎𝐎

(Note: insoluble salts excluded)

Note: The above practical may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.

Prescribed Books:
1. Chemistry Part – I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part – II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
3. Manual of Microscale Chemistry laboratory kit.

Links for NCERT textbooks:


1. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lech1=0-5
2. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?lech2=0-5
3. https://ncert.nic.in/division/dek/pdf/Manual_01.pdf

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