Chemistry SrSec 2025-26
Chemistry SrSec 2025-26
CLASS XII
THEORY
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70
Unit 1: Solutions
Unit 2: Electrochemistry
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its
application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell,
conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of
conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis
(elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel
cells, corrosion.
9
reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment),
activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
Unit 4: d and f Block Elements
10
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and
chemical properties; uses.
Unit 9: Amines
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and
chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic
chemistry.
PRACTICAL
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
A. Surface Chemistry
1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
11
Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
Lyophobic sol – aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.
2. Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.
3. Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.
B. Chemical Kinetics
1. Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium
Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.
2. Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature
using different concentration of Iodide ions.
Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO 3) and Sodium Sulphate:
(Na2SO3) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).
C. Thermochemistry
Any one of the following experiments
Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).
Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond
formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.
D. Electrochemistry
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes
(CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.
E. Chromatography
1. Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values.
2. Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations
only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).
12
2. Di -benzalAcetone
3. p-Nitroacetanilide
4. Aniline yellow or 2 - Naphthol Aniline dye.
K. Qualitative analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cations: 𝑷𝒃𝟐+ ,𝑪𝒖𝟐+ , 𝑨𝒍𝟑+ , 𝑭𝒆𝟑+ ,𝑴𝒏𝟐+ , 𝑵𝒊𝟐+ 𝒁𝒏𝟐+ 𝑪𝒐𝟐+ 𝑪𝒂𝟐+ 𝑺𝒓𝟐+ 𝑩𝒂𝟐+ 𝑴𝒈𝟐+ , 𝑵𝑯+
𝟒
Anions: 𝑪𝑶𝟐−
𝟑 ,𝐒
𝟐−
, 𝐒𝐎𝟐− − − − − − 𝟐− 𝟑− −
𝟑 , 𝑵𝑶𝟑 , 𝑵𝑶𝟐 , 𝐂𝐥 , 𝐁𝐫 , 𝐈 ,𝑺𝑶𝟒 , 𝑷𝑶𝟒 , 𝐂𝐇𝟑 𝐂𝐎𝐎 , C2O4
2-
PROJECTS
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other
sources.
A few suggested Projects
a) Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.
b) Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
c) Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect
to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.
d) Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative under various
conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
e) Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature
on it.
13
f) Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour,
gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
g) Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carom), Illaichi
(cardamom).
h) Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chili
powder and pepper.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work,
can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.
General Guidelines
The practical examination will be of two-hour duration.
A separate list of ten experiments is included here.
The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the
time of practical examination of all other students.
The written test will be of 30 minutes’ duration.
The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain
a total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would
be required to answer any 10 questions.
A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.
All questions included in the question papers should be related to the listed
practicals
Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.
These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected
to record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for
each subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal
examiner.
The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim,
apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions
etc.
Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used
14
for assessment.
The viva questions may include questions based on basic
theory/principle/concept, apparatus/materials/ chemicals required, procedure,
precautions, sources of error etc.
Beaker, glass rod, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, Whatman filter paper, gas
jar, capillary tube, pestle and mortar, test tubes, tongs, test tube holder, test tube stand,
burette, pipette, conical flask, standard flask, clamp stand, funnel, filter paper
Hands-on Assessment
Identification/familiarity with the apparatus
Odour detection in qualitative analysis
List of Experiments
The experiments have been divided into two sections: Section A and Section B.
The experiments mentioned in Section B are mandatory.
SECTION A
A. Surface Chemistry
1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
i. Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
ii. Lyophobic sol – Ferric hydroxide
B. Chromatography
Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values (distance values may be
provided).
15
SECTION B (Mandatory)
F. Quantitative analysis
1. (a) Preparation of a given volume of the standard solution of Oxalic acid.
(b) Determination of molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard
solution of Oxalic acid.
2. The above exercise [F 1 (a) and (b)] to be conducted using Ferrous ammonium
sulphate (Mohr's salt)
G. Qualitative Analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cation - 𝑵𝑯+𝟒
Anions: 𝑪𝑶𝟐−
𝟑 ,𝐒
𝟐−
, 𝐒𝐎𝟐− −
𝟑 , , 𝐂𝐥 , 𝐂𝐇𝟑 𝐂𝐎𝐎
−
Note: The above practical may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.
Prescribed Books:
1. Chemistry Part – I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part – II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
3. Manual of Microscale Chemistry laboratory kit.
16