The document discusses various applications and principles of magnetism, including data storage in magnetic tapes and hard disks, the use of electromagnets in scrapyards, and the function of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in medicine. It also covers concepts such as magnetic field lines, the Earth's magnetic field, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Key topics include the behavior of magnets, demagnetization, magnetic shielding, and the discovery of electromagnetism by Hans Christian Oersted.
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The document discusses various applications and principles of magnetism, including data storage in magnetic tapes and hard disks, the use of electromagnets in scrapyards, and the function of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in medicine. It also covers concepts such as magnetic field lines, the Earth's magnetic field, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Key topics include the behavior of magnets, demagnetization, magnetic shielding, and the discovery of electromagnetism by Hans Christian Oersted.
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4.
Magnetic tapes and computer hard disks use magnetism for:
a) Generating power b) Storing information (data storage) c) Mechanical movement d) Cooling the system Answer: b) Storing information (data storage) 5. Large, powerful electromagnets are used in scrapyards for: a) Sorting non-metals b) Lifting and moving heavy iron and steel objects c) Generating electricity d) Compressing waste Answer: b) Lifting and moving heavy iron and steel objects 6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in medicine uses strong magnetic fields to: a) Sterilize equipment b) Generate X-rays c) Create detailed images of organs and tissues d) Measure blood pressure Answer: c) Create detailed images of organs and tissues 7. Small magnets are often used in: a) Clothing fasteners b) Toys c) Cabinet latches d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above 8. To protect a magnet from losing its magnetism (demagnetization), one should avoid: a) Keeping it cool b) Storing it properly with keepers c) Dropping or hammering it d) Keeping it away from non-magnetic materials Answer: c) Dropping or hammering it 9. Storing bar magnets in pairs with opposite poles adjacent and soft iron pieces across the ends helps prevent: a) Self-demagnetization b) Over-magnetization c) Attraction of dust d) Rusting Answer: a) Self-demagnetization 10.The soft iron pieces used for storing magnets are called: a) Insulators b) Conductors c) Keepers d) Spacers Answer: c) Keepers 11.How should a single horseshoe magnet be stored to protect its magnetism? a) Hung freely in the air b) Placed in water c) With a piece of soft iron (keeper) across its poles d) Wrapped in aluminum foil Answer: c) With a piece of soft iron (keeper) across its poles 12.Exposing a magnet to high temperatures can cause: a) Increase in its strength b) Reversal of its poles c) Demagnetization (especially near or above the Curie temperature) d) No effect on its magnetism Answer: c) Demagnetization (especially near or above the Curie temperature) 13.Storing magnets near devices producing strong alternating magnetic fields (like transformers) can lead to: a) Strengthening of the magnet b) Demagnetization c) Change in the magnet's shape d) Induction of electric charge Answer: b) Demagnetization 14.The Earth behaves like a giant magnet with its magnetic poles located near the: a) Geographic North and South poles b) Geographic Equator c) Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn d) International Date Line Answer: a) Geographic North and South poles 15.The magnetic North pole of the Earth is actually a: a) Magnetic North pole b) Magnetic South pole (as it attracts the North pole of a compass) c) Geographic North pole d) Point of zero magnetism Answer: b) Magnetic South pole (as it attracts the North pole of a compass) 16.The source of the Earth's magnetic field is believed to be: a) Large deposits of lodestone in the core b) The Sun's magnetic field c) Electric currents flowing in the molten outer core (Dynamo effect) d) Magnetism retained from the Earth's formation Answer: c) Electric currents flowing in the molten outer core (Dynamo effect) 17.The angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place is called: a) Angle of dip (Inclination) b) Angle of declination (Variation) c) Magnetic latitude d) Magnetic moment Answer: b) Angle of declination (Variation) 18.The angle that the Earth's magnetic field lines make with the horizontal at a place is called: a) Angle of dip (Inclination) b) Angle of declination (Variation) c) Azimuth d) Longitude Answer: a) Angle of dip (Inclination) 19.At the magnetic equator, the angle of dip is approximately: a) 90 degrees b) 45 degrees c) 0 degrees d) 180 degrees Answer: c) 0 degrees (Magnetic field is horizontal) 20.At the magnetic poles, the angle of dip is approximately: a) 90 degrees b) 45 degrees c) 0 degrees d) 30 degrees Answer: a) 90 degrees (Magnetic field is vertical) 21.The Earth's magnetic field protects the planet from: a) Asteroid impacts b) Solar flares c) Harmful solar wind and cosmic radiation d) Gravitational pull of other planets Answer: c) Harmful solar wind and cosmic radiation (By deflecting charged particles) 22.Do the Earth's magnetic poles coincide exactly with its geographic poles? a) Yes, precisely b) No, they are offset and slowly wander over time c) Yes, but only the North poles coincide d) No, they are located at the equator Answer: b) No, they are offset and slowly wander over time 23.Magnetic declination is important for: a) Predicting earthquakes b) Accurate navigation using a compass c) Measuring temperature d) Generating electricity Answer: b) Accurate navigation using a compass 24.What are magnetic storms? a) Thunderstorms with magnetic lightning b) Temporary disturbances of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by solar activity c) Periods when the Earth's field reverses d) Earthquakes caused by magnetic forces Answer: b) Temporary disturbances of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by solar activity 25.The horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field is maximum at the: a) Magnetic poles b) Magnetic equator c) Geographic poles d) Tropic of Cancer Answer: b) Magnetic equator 26.The vertical component of Earth's magnetic field is maximum at the: a) Magnetic poles b) Magnetic equator c) Geographic poles d) Tropic of Capricorn Answer: a) Magnetic poles 27.Auroras (Northern and Southern Lights) are caused by: a) Moonlight reflecting off ice crystals b) Charged particles from the solar wind interacting with the Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines c) Volcanic eruptions near the poles d) Weather phenomena in the upper atmosphere Answer: b) Charged particles from the solar wind interacting with the Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines 28.Magnetic shielding involves using a material to: a) Strengthen an external magnetic field b) Block or redirect magnetic field lines around a region c) Convert magnetic energy to electrical energy d) Store magnetic energy Answer: b) Block or redirect magnetic field lines around a region 29.Which type of material is best for magnetic shielding? a) Copper b) Aluminum c) High permeability materials like soft iron (mu-metal) d) Glass Answer: c) High permeability materials like soft iron (mu-metal)
1.7 Magnetic lines of force around a bar magnet
1. Magnetic lines of force are used to represent:
a) The direction and strength of a magnetic field b) The flow of electric current c) The path of magnetic monopoles d) The temperature distribution around a magnet Answer: a) The direction and strength of a magnetic field 2. By convention, magnetic field lines originate from the: a) South pole and end at the North pole outside the magnet b) North pole and end at the South pole outside the magnet c) Center of the magnet and go outwards d) Surface of the magnet perpendicularly Answer: b) North pole and end at the South pole outside the magnet 3. Inside the material of a bar magnet, magnetic field lines run from: a) North pole to South pole b) South pole to North pole c) Center to poles d) They do not exist inside the magnet Answer: b) South pole to North pole (Forming closed loops) 4. Magnetic field lines form: a) Open loops starting at North and ending at South b) Closed continuous loops c) Spirals ending at the poles d) Straight lines radiating outwards Answer: b) Closed continuous loops 5. The density (closeness) of magnetic field lines in a region indicates the: a) Direction of the field b) Temperature of the magnet c) Strength of the magnetic field d) Polarity of the magnet Answer: c) Strength of the magnetic field (Closer lines mean stronger field) 6. Can two magnetic field lines intersect each other? a) Yes, at the poles b) Yes, at the neutral points c) No, never d) Yes, if the magnet is strong enough Answer: c) No, never 7. Why do two magnetic field lines never intersect? a) They repel each other b) If they intersected, the compass needle at that point would point in two directions simultaneously, which is impossible c) They are parallel lines d) Intersection would mean the field is zero Answer: b) If they intersected, the compass needle at that point would point in two directions simultaneously, which is impossible 8. The tangent drawn at any point on a magnetic field line gives the: a) Magnitude of the magnetic field at that point b) Direction of the magnetic force on a North pole at that point c) Potential energy at that point d) Electric field direction at that point Answer: b) Direction of the magnetic force on a North pole at that point 9. Where are the magnetic field lines most crowded around a bar magnet? a) At the center of the magnet b) Near the poles of the magnet c) Far away from the magnet d) Uniformly distributed around the magnet Answer: b) Near the poles of the magnet 10.The pattern of magnetic field lines around a bar magnet can be traced using: a) An ammeter b) A voltmeter c) A small plotting compass or iron filings d) A thermometer Answer: c) A small plotting compass or iron filings 11.Magnetic field lines tend to contract ______ and exert ______ pressure. a) Radially, inward b) Longitudinally (lengthwise), lateral (sideways) c) Laterally, longitudinal d) Uniformly, no Answer: b) Longitudinally (lengthwise), lateral (sideways) (Explains attraction and repulsion) 12.The property of magnetic field lines exerting lateral pressure explains: a) Attraction between unlike poles b) Repulsion between like poles c) The existence of poles d) The closed-loop nature Answer: b) Repulsion between like poles (Lines push each other sideways) 13.The property of magnetic field lines tending to contract longitudinally explains: a) Attraction between unlike poles b) Repulsion between like poles c) Why poles exist in pairs d) The direction N to S outside the magnet Answer: a) Attraction between unlike poles (Lines act like stretched rubber bands pulling poles together) 14.In a uniform magnetic field, the field lines are: a) Curved and diverging b) Curved and converging c) Parallel, equidistant straight lines d) Concentric circles Answer: c) Parallel, equidistant straight lines 15.The space inside a current-carrying solenoid, far from the ends, has a magnetic field that is approximately: a) Zero b) Radially outward c) Non-uniform d) Strong and uniform Answer: d) Strong and uniform 16.A neutral point (null point) near a bar magnet placed in the Earth's magnetic field is a location where: a) The magnet's field is zero b) The Earth's field is zero c) The magnet's field and the Earth's field cancel each other out d) Only the vertical component of Earth's field exists Answer: c) The magnet's field and the Earth's field cancel each other out 17.The direction of magnetic field lines shows the path a hypothetical ______ would take if free to move. a) Isolated North pole b) Isolated South pole c) Electron d) Proton Answer: a) Isolated North pole 18.Magnetic flux is a measure of: a) The number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area b) The strength of a magnetic pole c) The force between two magnets d) The energy stored in a magnetic field Answer: a) The number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area 19.The SI unit of magnetic flux is: a) Tesla (T) b) Weber (Wb) c) Henry (H) d) Ampere (A) Answer: b) Weber (Wb) 20.Magnetic Flux Density (B) is defined as: a) Total flux b) Flux per unit area perpendicular to the field c) Force per unit pole strength d) Energy per unit volume Answer: b) Flux per unit area perpendicular to the field (B = Φ/A)
1.8 Electro magnetism
1. Electromagnetism deals with the relationship between:
a) Magnetism and gravity b) Electricity and gravity c) Electricity and magnetism d) Magnetism and light only Answer: c) Electricity and magnetism 2. Who discovered that an electric current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field around it? a) Michael Faraday b) Andre-Marie Ampere c) Hans Christian Oersted d) James Clerk Maxwell Answer: c) Hans Christian Oersted 3. Oersted's discovery showed that a compass needle deflects when brought near a wire carrying: a) Static charge b) An electric current c) High voltage but no current d) Heat Answer: b) An electric current 4. The pattern of magnetic field lines around a long straight wire carrying current is: a) Radial lines pointing outwards b) Radial lines pointing inwards c) Concentric circles centered on the wire d) Parallel lines parallel to the wire Answer: c) Concentric circles centered on the wire 5. The direction of the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire can be found using the: a) Left-Hand Grip Rule b) Right-Hand Grip Rule (or Maxwell's Corkscrew Rule) c) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule d) Fleming's Right-Hand Rule Answer: b) Right-Hand Grip Rule (or Maxwell's Corkscrew Rule) 6. According to the Right-Hand Grip Rule, if you grip the wire with your right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of the current, the curling fingers indicate the direction of the: a) Electric field b) Force on the wire c) Magnetic field lines d) Electron flow Answer: c) Magnetic field lines 7. The strength of the magnetic field produced by a straight current-carrying wire is: a) Directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire b) Inversely proportional to the current and directly proportional to the distance from the wire c) Directly proportional to both current and distance d) Independent of the current Answer: a) Directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire (B ∝ I/r) 8. The magnetic field at the center of a circular loop carrying current is: a) Zero b) Parallel to the plane of the loop c) Perpendicular to the plane of the loop d) In the direction of the current flow Answer: c) Perpendicular to the plane of the loop 9. The direction of the magnetic field at the center of a current loop can be found using the: a) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule b) Right-Hand Grip Rule (applied to the loop) or Clock Rule c) Lenz's Law d) Faraday's Law Answer: b) Right-Hand Grip Rule (applied to the loop) or Clock Rule 10.A solenoid is a coil of wire wound in the shape of a: a) Flat spiral b) Helix (cylinder) c) Toroid (donut) d) Sphere Answer: b) Helix (cylinder) 11.The magnetic field inside a long solenoid carrying current is: a) Weak and non-uniform b) Strong and nearly uniform, parallel to the axis c) Radially outwards d) Zero Answer: b) Strong and nearly uniform, parallel to the axis 12.An electromagnet is typically made by winding a coil of wire around a core of: a) Wood b) Soft iron c) Steel d) Copper Answer: b) Soft iron 13.Why is soft iron preferred as the core for electromagnets? a) It is a permanent magnet b) It magnetizes strongly but loses its magnetism easily when the current is switched off c) It has high electrical resistance d) It is diamagnetic Answer: b) It magnetizes strongly but loses its magnetism easily when the current is switched off (Low retentivity) 14.The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by: a) Decreasing the current b) Decreasing the number of turns in the coil c) Increasing the current and/or the number of turns per unit length d) Using a core material with low permeability Answer: c) Increasing the current and/or the number of turns per unit length 15.A current-carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic field experiences a: a) Change in resistance b) Change in temperature c) Force (Magnetic Lorentz force) d) Change in capacitance Answer: c) Force (Magnetic Lorentz force) 16.The direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field is given by: a) Right-Hand Grip Rule b) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule c) Fleming's Right-Hand Rule d) Lenz's Law Answer: b) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule 17.According to Fleming's Left-Hand Rule, if the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the center finger points in the direction of the current, then the thumb points in the direction of the: a) Induced EMF b) Electric field c) Motion/Force on the conductor d) Magnetic flux Answer: c) Motion/Force on the conductor 18.The force on a current-carrying conductor is maximum when the conductor is placed ______ to the magnetic field lines. a) Parallel b) Perpendicular c) At 45 degrees d) At 30 degrees Answer: b) Perpendicular (Force F = BILsinθ, sin90° = 1) 19.The force on a current-carrying conductor is zero when the conductor is placed ______ to the magnetic field lines. a) Parallel b) Perpendicular c) At 45 degrees d) At 60 degrees Answer: a) Parallel (Force F = BILsinθ, sin0° = 0) 20.The phenomenon of generating an electric current in a conductor when it is exposed to a changing magnetic field is called: a) Thermoelectric effect b) Piezoelectric effect c) Electromagnetic induction d) Photoelectric effect Answer: c) Electromagnetic induction 21.Electromagnetic induction was discovered by: a) Oersted b) Ampere c) Maxwell d) Michael Faraday Answer: d) Michael Faraday 22.An EMF (and hence current, if the circuit is closed) is induced in a coil when: a) The magnetic flux through the coil is constant b) The magnetic flux through the coil changes with time c) The coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field d) The coil carries a steady DC current Answer: b) The magnetic flux through the coil changes with time (Faraday's Law of Induction) 23.Faraday's First Law of Electromagnetic Induction states that: a) Like poles repel, unlike poles attract b) An EMF is induced when magnetic flux changes c) Current produces a magnetic field d) Induced current opposes the change causing it Answer: b) An EMF is induced when magnetic flux changes 24.Faraday's Second Law of Electromagnetic Induction states that the magnitude of the induced EMF is proportional to the: a) Strength of the magnetic field b) Resistance of the coil c) Rate of change of magnetic flux linkage d) Current flowing in the coil Answer: c) Rate of change of magnetic flux linkage (EMF ∝ dΦ/dt) 25.The direction of the induced current in a circuit due to electromagnetic induction is given by: a) Fleming's Left-Hand Rule b) Right-Hand Grip Rule c) Lenz's Law (or Fleming's Right-Hand Rule) d) Ampere's Law Answer: c) Lenz's Law (or Fleming's Right-Hand Rule) 26.Lenz's Law states that the direction of the induced current is such that it ______ the change in magnetic flux that produces it. a) Assists b) Opposes c) Has no effect on d) Enhances Answer: b) Opposes (Conservation of energy) 27.Fleming's Right-Hand Rule is used to determine the direction of: a) Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field b) Magnetic field due to a current c) Induced current when a conductor moves in a magnetic field d) Force between two parallel currents Answer: c) Induced current when a conductor moves in a magnetic field 28.According to Fleming's Right-Hand Rule, if the thumb points in the direction of motion of the conductor and the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, then the center finger points in the direction of the: a) Force on the conductor b) External electric field c) Induced current