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transformer_selected_questions

The document provides a series of questions and answers related to electrical transformers, covering topics such as tap changers, frequency effects, inrush current, neutral grounding, ferroresonance, and behavior under unbalanced loads. It explains the differences between on-load and off-load tap changers, the implications of operating at different frequencies, and the importance of grounding methods. Additionally, it addresses the challenges posed by inrush current and unbalanced loads, along with mitigation strategies.

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7 views

transformer_selected_questions

The document provides a series of questions and answers related to electrical transformers, covering topics such as tap changers, frequency effects, inrush current, neutral grounding, ferroresonance, and behavior under unbalanced loads. It explains the differences between on-load and off-load tap changers, the implications of operating at different frequencies, and the importance of grounding methods. Additionally, it addresses the challenges posed by inrush current and unbalanced loads, along with mitigation strategies.

Uploaded by

2022031012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Transformer Questions & Answers

1. What is a tap changer in a transformer?


Answer: A tap changer is a device used to regulate the output voltage of a transformer by changing
the number of turns in the winding. This helps in maintaining a stable voltage level despite variations
in load or supply voltage. Tap changers can be either on-load (OLTC) or off-load (DETC).

2. What is the difference between an on-load and off-load tap changer?


Answer: - **On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC):** Can change taps while the transformer is energized,
without interrupting the power supply. It is commonly used in power distribution and transmission.
- **Off-Load Tap Changer (DETC):** Requires the transformer to be de-energized before changing
taps. It is used where voltage adjustments are infrequent.

3. How does frequency affect transformer operation?


Answer: The frequency of the power supply affects the transformer's operation in the following ways:
- Higher frequency reduces core size but increases eddy current losses.
- Lower frequency requires a larger core to prevent saturation.
- Transformers are designed for a specific frequency; operating them at a different frequency can
reduce efficiency and cause overheating.

4. What happens when a transformer is operated at a lower frequency?


Answer: Operating a transformer at a lower frequency than its rated value can lead to:
- Increased core saturation, causing excessive magnetizing current.
- Higher core losses and overheating.
- Reduced efficiency and potential damage to the winding insulation.

5. What is inrush current in a transformer?


Answer: Inrush current is the initial surge of current when a transformer is first energized. It occurs
due to core magnetization and can be many times higher than the rated current. Inrush current can
cause voltage dips and stress on electrical components. It is controlled using pre-magnetization
techniques and inrush current limiters.

6. What is the purpose of neutral grounding in transformers?


Answer: Neutral grounding in transformers helps in:
- Limiting fault currents during ground faults.
- Reducing overvoltages caused by lightning or switching surges.
- Ensuring system stability and safety.
Grounding methods include solid grounding, resistance grounding, and reactance grounding.

7. What is ferroresonance in transformers?


Answer: Ferroresonance is a non-linear resonance phenomenon that occurs in transformer circuits
with inductance and capacitance. It can cause overvoltages, excessive heating, and damage to the
transformer. Ferroresonance is more common in lightly loaded or isolated networks and can be
mitigated using damping resistors.

8. How does a transformer behave under unbalanced loads?


Answer: When a transformer operates under unbalanced loads:
- Unequal phase currents can lead to increased losses and heating.
- Voltage imbalance may occur, affecting power quality.
- The neutral point may shift, leading to overvoltages in certain phases.
To minimize these effects, load balancing techniques and proper transformer selection are used.

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