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acid,bases and salts

The document discusses various chemical reactions involving acids, bases, and salts, including their properties and preparation methods. It covers the neutralization process, the formation of salts from acid-base reactions, and the characteristics of different types of acids and bases. Additionally, it mentions the applications of these compounds in various fields such as medicine and food preservation.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views26 pages

acid,bases and salts

The document discusses various chemical reactions involving acids, bases, and salts, including their properties and preparation methods. It covers the neutralization process, the formation of salts from acid-base reactions, and the characteristics of different types of acids and bases. Additionally, it mentions the applications of these compounds in various fields such as medicine and food preservation.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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t 4 Hy & y paoH an =? Na, Zn0, Soatum dinca lk Qnecr +anl +at2d —» anaald, ce inh _ Sodfuny | kis nonmetal > oe Oxide —> Salt “+ m0 | Qnaon + CO, —> NaaCOz + H2O a + C09 —> tiCO, + H20 ey Te ta NOTES Faiom tle above equation eoncludsd that non-metal oxides att aadse ju yatwie. / 4900", 4 80, —> MGSO, + 120 Magnesium Sulphila m4 om ae and _S Based 5 pylats HNO, 16 & Stdomg oO: ene romenté Fh IntD "AsOs 1 dilute HINO, (1%) 45 used fos fixe mq ( magnesium) , Mn( manganese). wacl -- H20 nliacH nel KOH HCl => KCI iN, rs 2 NGOH +M5.50, > Na,Sq +28 5 EH lazCo, + 2cH3Cd0H —> 2 CHZCOONA +HO + COyF NOHO, + CH, COOH! > CHacoonia + H20 + COF Sodium bi p (O00, + 2Hcl —» cacl + Hro + co,? 0 passing §COp thro) fh lime toatin » to milky poli Subs ance, Ty i& passed mii tobi me olution, ; Reni anne sake oe Hy. a plaaenend Reaction =a mote | neattive Cae tae 3 Dw recs ai ——desplaus «ot Laat aeacrive element for te = tows pond : Ween = eel —> zitcl, + 47 8) (ay) (ay) 9) + HpSDiepgs? Fe, Hot 6) sulphunic (ey) ©) and metals which arn present ' é in The = reachvitticsn Fe tee byron : Eases can dspale bagdriogén Tam tin Sn PARaX and fom waln coo — HJ, & He Ln —? calor a TD) in) i Ay ot ye) —? No seaction pisplawmwirnt fa calt Solutions CuSO, 4 a a ee Blur) uae) OHe tons te a yUweous aqucous Solutions piod cer only in ation of Actdd + SVA~ uns we i By ainect combination: nm +t bh 7 2 Hel cg) 4) hydovogen chlodide / Ho + Bir — @ Hen W) 4 8) WW) Hyde bromte acid a By double diaplacement pach + H2S% agen NAHSOg, + Hel above 2008 j ees NAHSG, + ac Nd, Scy -F Hel acl + HyS0, above 100 200 5 jaySDy ve weal salt, =? Addie SUL, ph ca Boric Salt, pl > 7 eae: aadien at Ctr mone compounds tar Steighiometsie amounts wren lone) thelsT identity ty olution Patesh alum - by S0y0 Ala (SO), 24.HyO salt $ FeSO (nity), S04 * 6H20 . Mixed Salts! Ss wor P ape. salt’ puch comtoivn = mote thaw one i a adidic os basic siadical: an(ondel, “Ey, NAKCOR > cmocls, , NarKP% , malorc': 4uo of moxe Atable firscoree* saltes The addition srorchtomettic amounts which etatn well as Ci, sdontity tn ota Abate ah Ks occrde)- potonsum Fourieganice me Bie, aluminum , lead Pete ti HORSE: gals, + 4, WaGH! > Na, wm, + Hd Sodium. pincate ptr heavy metal hycroxides, de mot adtanolVe” wd form poet preale penen Silly Rexnorum Sait ACL 4 NAOH + mac) Rae OF NH T USES wee re x In AeaPh, enttlea.» Paper, medicine Ao nefiniog of petioieum: cement and peaben an bleaching pocoder Lie a iwottt, sash f taal i nll sank, cet aa an battentea» i also called "alu tom “ porous of dissolvin o fo walen 14 highly ic pu pide +p avoid explosion dut to maleated by am auid >1? base, iF mi glow! in wate] uot tb vt Atievting « ee a shold wot mined ody oth acid bas of Neuttalisation iss EP padity f sel 1 yeduad by calor), y, cate, et 4p tel ) idity of gpomach C due yordralised by aint ( rata, a os bees containing teem to atid) cam be neutialised tale Boop. alised a A teaspS extol’ ee aes tn 1S the wwatin rmolocules pousent im at oA a Salt , a = CUSOY ’ 5) Hy0 = Fesoy. + THO Soda ~ NasCO2- 10 H20 Enypsum — CaSOy * » ZHrO toi vitatol - 2750+ 720 l= Bawing soda (oi) Sodtan bi casibonale ( NaHcO3) =a ation? 4 W)D + 00, + NH3 —? Nigel NAH Coz Reapers mild mon coptosve bane + Dp + C0r gant, 2 Nato, + 2 x porte G atals at ra ee aud 18 Spanning l4 Aoluble c8 Bang porodit = Baking Soda 4 “fanrtanic aad baning tn heating of mining in ston tant , produas COp elich Causa bowed them Sor and pave mA, maxing > 0%, + WO + Sodium A of Seat 4p ah OW antaded Tt ie used ‘Uy: Bastclly > Nov of snoplartea bla be oe ; a wa 0 proluwale — proolaate om cay Mmobasic galls nt loa £9: cl, HNO3, HNO, HCOOH , cnycoon el) 22 at + clo Ww) pibasic aud: one prolesnle of An aud —— — Ploduuw two nt ions. EM Ha COy , Ha505, 15%, (COOH), ote a, - <2 250 ———> 2H + G0y () Tatbasc add? ove pmolitule ef Ans an rein . produce Zyt ions: S15 AgPOy. _3H20_, ait 3 "(NOTE 2 = on te S we a 5 , peor 2° 5 Coo 4 © cH HO 4 i,COOH =» HyC00 ie en dihast oa + 4i basic HzP02 and —_won-merals ee a dt 6) GP ty : wrth ail Bel to form, tnsdluble alls sUNOS), + nell eo peels DHNDS “i tead cptide ia + Hofy —> pbs, + 8 NBS OSES 15 + Pa Onere adds paeseavative fox food oe giaic aid —| | glavduring agent ibe Seamin C. > +oyeatement of Soa diseate pmenenn! otve and Flavetar ing agent ce. Acetic atta To prexal: 5 A ecormponent of ing powde - de —rantantc acid - a q eS L_-5 “fnx Atain memhove - @. Ovalic aed 5 foot pre senwaction $e Benz0ie add 5 qa perfumes Gnd medtcnes, Qs Taongeric adda ——— a gn digestion of fama wel ps a toilet cleaner: ce manvfactwre “Of PME: nittals Byes, p05) 9 2-N%0 —> & NQOH Sodium hydnonide AO + H20 eae Oy —> 0 M40 a Magnesium Oxide mg M29 —> melon), magnesium Tycho ouide. * physical properties Tl ee ree E Biter tu taste avd Soapy to touch © ow generally solids (on “(Want chownge af andicatods ¢ £ Bases x Biter fH wae * Soapy to ouch + usr mad) Bemus to blue Amshonius Thtony A compound , poken, dinolve ab, plodau ox? ion is a base: _¥20_y Na + of NovoH a & Defintions A base (4 elthon a metallic oulde (od) a metallic hydroxide (ok) aqusous pmmon'a a yolich owack and wale only. ee yaon, KOH, culow), kore metal hiydnoxides NO20, MgO -- eke conn Metal Once. Auli: Water soluble bases ane calied alkalts, bases ane \ pith an ad to tpn {wore : sll alkalis are based but all = alkalis sition ot bases. oOo completa. Orpending om Arrsengt 5 St beG Bose [iota noo BS, 3 ea (: =f OH weak Base : pasttial Loni ‘ oy ong) + oy® f agate Zo(th on enposune 40 Boe nanhia! pomp erate paxtially a oF a] e its rater of corystalttsation: b “ NG, SCy + pory0 = PELIQE SCENT SALT a oe Some eonyptalline Aalts yore dem penarure a | exposure ain at J mpenne and aiapolved 1M it to fosm wim £4e cocl.: GH , ragels.” 6H20 pyeoscone SOROS Some Salté on expos Une : Be ais nose temporetwre abaotb |. panratwre Byorn Own witout havgiog thei a phy sic! stotn : Some hygroscopic Substances | | DeEsvccATING SUB STANCE Seas ee widower used tO sumove water fsom the i porrounrdirg are called pestecating Subatances: ! ey Cad ord exbhyaeiau® cacls LIME eo nigh gemporra tre ne (RO! Se COLO: OLS: = = =e tive anaxomiphous — olial welt age k > wake Te game sagt P< 7 strong ow a weak Base Hel + NHYOR > AB euUlON), —? CUCNO;), TF 2H20 | “{ 4c + H20 QHnez, + (ce) Basic Salts 4 pty g SHG Bose + poenk autd Nach -- CHsCOOH —> cr,COONa + HO NOOK + HzO, —% NaHCO, -- Ho Some Important Salts ae Tee Wn 4s Sodium Chloside [ ¢emmon Sat) See, algo: called table salk , st0ck Balk at Th @ novia Salk: Preparations Ins niaoe + Hel —y «=Nacl + H20 lange Scale production : a fnom Sea. vaatuT bs fom wide qin An posits. pes af common, Souk x sed tn maning Of novoh chemicals Uke NaOH, NOl% , AlaHeO, ebc Be on asiatt ot “basic: th: tad a a 4 tn sare a pa and Bases st th gi? - A seale fos mnasoring nent a conmuiyation tn olution 14 valted’ Prseakes Fos paw wate and vittal Solupiovr 4 at =i) 10 mol L Acid <— pettal —> Base fo Ie AB, NG phe If Fed ving? low Gower Bld = woillet pur water 7-0 Blood et NacH lyr O Fon vowtsal Avlution , fxt] = [on™] Fon acidic Aolution, ryt] > fon?) fon basic Aolution , Cut) < [on~) Leos @ pH value —— acids, BASES pid. SALTS (esson—a. = | x foun +t taste x ton bot trrmws to Red eal pu Asinhenius Theosty : ke palsies, wabiele de to wal owd piocluw@ Ht fons 14 ces ; Pet ny cl® hydrogen ion (o*) @ cl + FD —> yo + cio ‘ hycbioniuen ion HCO, — canbonicadad £9: pel — bydnochlovicadd igp0,, - phoaphovic add Hy.SO, - Sul phwrvc aud OP phoaphovic HAO; - ATTIC aud Classification Acids j fa drasoctation } le > sriongoaids [ comp i pepending on cl whoo, eo stag eq; Nos, B25 ed om peak acids [ portal dtsAncation ) arssoclaho £9; Plz, HNO» , chacOOH , 7 _ fosmie pependiy om slats Janivaals 59; Reds ~ “Ug L. gtlk — aches | Source 2 Onqans i HNO, , Hel) <== mivunals Eg Ly tnoiqanic atids : eomtomt ald adc : Pagerding om tess wan = mote Quicl _emmuuttation Diu adds 9 mote walurt Ws antal Hydra acids [ only, hyoliogen # othe eat HE, Hel -- element » “ongen aber yaregen + On + Cem Hy S04. ere Solids tom perature: ms 2 poloun che ge” Acid —S See r Lire phenol hth elect ¥oly es: Dissolve 9 alli : cabal proms, a : argo SEES a mow + a Ole MH Cathode OA ties anode Bninesolu non fe lect 40! ysis a ee ——*? satin {120 Bapsy = — ely oot tment, aon dein [et ei | GFE , pearicides | ean Bleach. = Aibo, Beenie = a bleachans , | pHa, medicines, pleaching fabric convetich: # a Py pow chonvical | Calcium ony WOAMAe + - chlotide eee, | ues Gly: =? Cadcl, + H20 pe with a Atiang amell 4 Chlotin ) cold woater: speach ath dilute grids to produce chlovine. + HS —> Cast, + th + 20 ae a j ‘ee Sedum gincate. PREPARATION DF JNSOLUBLE SALTS 3 ——— == = 7 a ey atinect combination we +S ——* Pbs 7» fe +5 —, Fes @ Cambinationn of autdte Onide with a basic Om _S@> + cao —+ Cas0z Ss Double ckcomposition of one alt Aolk 2 NCINOs Ds), tt NAS, —? PbSOy ot by another 4 paeeipttation Raney e nat YT Nanos , Salt + Hel —> pagel y HNO, Aquat ous Solids: Aion- volatile boosh 4 Soda (0s) Sodium Carbonal. deca hyd 1 ey ay ee o— C ‘Nay, * 10 0) (et) Solvay psoas ; L ae Natl + NH, HO +00, — NANCO, Hye} Sodium bi? Step wie px0wss cajbonale anes, + to + co, —? (NH : 2) 2 * (m W)C Ammonium (My) 0g + €0, + Hoo —> 9 NH, HCO, canbe Ammonium bi canboualy puny, NaC! = —% NaHCOs + NH Cl pormtialty Soluble 1 goaten - Oy AO) PEO, POO t WHO —> Kig,tog + (OH2O Paoperties ¢ * Transparent caugatalline 4Aolid.. * ti % a Adlubk canbonale » % Tbh Oan2oUr Adiutin 18 alkaline im. nator % On heating , ‘it 4oin’ am bydn ows NasCO, with 14 commanly Knoven of Soda ash. ; Uses: x used tn glank , Joap aud papen imdustsy Used to) manuactuning a Sodium Compoune bomax [ sodiumtetia bona 4 2 NoHo, > Aig, inshore ord oto fertiliser ale, ; , (eee, ena exploat vers 7 are ; oe a pnesenva be ay Pe 5 Flowouned davinks fe Yay Roeparation + Ge ane + 2H —> A NAOH + Hy, th @s ‘Metal oxtde + waten — Bate mgo + Ho => Mg(OH)> Sy By double di4placement lel + 3NA0H —> 3nacl + Allon), . Alurniniun SKY ye + 0, —> a 11,0 hydnoxide: pS Aeon OF oxygen on metal sulphides: > manly oa rm coppen chloride : (bluish - gaan fom [he above equahows, ded that metal oxides are bastene containing hayes mak 4 asdilid wale) does net conduer ‘ a ahuw main wal conducrs | electsicity ) Bud, do nor “how aandic behavioun tia ‘the eee 9 of _ eatin why 2 ee Gaus pee ating os Pormtoatd 1 Remedy — ytd bose —baxtng Sodq.! mithamote autd s subbing the aug — — nattle leaves sequal ouwmedy 4 feaf of the aber plot. voids » ‘a fod cowtiolled cowtiolled “yt yodunt & walk iA gates: th maint ane ad Xk martial «03 4etal guplaument ef the FP iowtnable hydrogen atoms of om arte by of} an ammonium ion: a metaitic iow DES: 5 Naow + M250, differnt Oops: Wn Zest , Na,so, + =O] positive (0) Be the sawn family. Gly Sedivm Salts % Niacl, Na, Sy , NANO, ee | of Chloride Salts ¢ nacl, Kel, Mgcl, ete ee 3 A roe 7 idl Sttoeg Bose evi i» wad oo Heat of Neutsaltaation Se Aa (ol 7 of poursaltaation of Athen Be Attong w& a * t Mette coll fe Ei Heat ald and 8 gpd walue: 51 xg | mole. wo" tndicate wuleared — eneng fs 4 Fon wweax aud aes (08) tear bi Te , CAE ABE = acnons this Value i less ‘ OF AUIDS eS AND BASES PY = — loo Fat e Z log [-a*] feviee Be oN cilaumast = = log (30 } Ph pon = Ihe OH P = iy = pH caleulat. the 4 FP 2 P of 0-000; M solution oF 2 Me iz fut] = a eee + Sener = 90 it Tena ae ee = — 109 154 i ie “ loga” 2 al a4) [410 (4 eats) [> leave =; ia O05 Dut ie a $0, Fy 8 Oy » to Kauid Stale —— Bore mee - H3B0, acetic acid - 2H3COOH oxalic aiid - (100H) 9. aanbonie acid — Hy. 00x spanpanicadd = G, He O% Hydnochtosie acid —~ He} give atid - Ge Oy nntWE avid es * . 0 gu|phiwious aud — Hy, SO phosphoric 4, poy, 3 aud ri atid + HaSQy CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Ae rietal SulphiG. (ot) 4+ aiid —> salt + H2° + Sof | bi sul phite 9% fast, + gud — acl, - HO - SG MaHSo, + Hel —> Nacl + HO + Se, F &* metal Sulphide on add —> salt + Has “th Sulphide 7 a “et nm +aHel —5 Zncl, + HST Bee He —» Nacl + HS T pases A pats casoe gH? (ror) Sciam Aulphals, haroihganale . Hyd te H,0 Caso, 4 . , : e) CASOY a 2Hi0 ee * setting of plaster of pania: om naddug with poate, Pop agar te gypsum and converts tuto hand Aolid mass. caso 0 + Sryp —> a5y" BHO Guapsurl SS x while povoden j 4 Setting 4p hand moss oO” wore rs) Yaaker” # Supporting fractured bones * mawng ow , idols * ysed as flow proof matotiols.

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