the i + 2gzt + Z y

+2fyz
a x + by +z
the cone (1:
of the rator
(1), ifth
The r-axIS Will be a generator
cone

r-axis are l, 0, 0.
Thed c's of the hence:
[See article 3 above] and hence we get a =
r-axis satisty (1)
dc.'s 1,0, 0 of the 0, 1, and 0,0, 1lrespectively. Similar the
are
and z-axis
The dc.'s of the
p-axis
of the (1) ifb 0, c 0.
cone
= =

will be generators
required equation of the cone
axes
and z (), the cone which
Substituting the values of
a,
b,c in which has co-ordinate
the co-ordinate axes i.c., the cone
passes through
generators
is given by
fyz+ gzr + hyy =0.

lustrative Examples

vertex is origin and

which passes
to the cone whose
Example 1; Find
the cquation
=2z, k + my + nz p.
=

+
a by*
through tigcune given by Rohilkhand 07, 09; Bundelkhand 0
09, 10B, 12;
(Meerut 2003, 08, 2z,
curve are ar +by =

Solution: The equations of the given

r +my + nz
= 1 2
lr +my + 1z = P or
and P
equation of the cone
with the help of (2), the required
Making (1) homogeneous
is
with vertex at the origin
(lx + my+ nz
E or p (ax + by) = 2z (lr + my + nz).
=22
ar +
by P
C. Prr
+z/c = Imeets thecoordinateaxes in A, B,
Examplk2:Theplanex/a y/b
+
meet the circle ABCis
the conegenerated by the lines drawnfrom Oto
that the equation to

.)-»)-o.
Kashi 13)
Kanpur 08;
(Meerut 2004, 09, 09B;
Solution: The given plane is x/a + y/b + z/c =l

lts points of intersection with the axes are A (a, 0, 0), B (0, b, 0), C (0,0, c).TE
plane the (1).
sphere through A, B, C and
circle ABC is the section of a 1s
A, B, C and the fourth point O (0, 0, 0)
Equation of the sphere through (

+y + -lar - by - cd=0.
The plane (1) meets the sphere (2) in the circle ABC. Thus the equations () a

(2) together give the circle ABC.

 T h eC o n e

G-59
a f the cone with the vertex at the origin must be homogeneous.
uation o

homogeneous with the help of (1 ), the equation of the required cone

Making (2)4the lines drawn through the origin Oto meet the circle ABCis given
generatedb

by ++z
-

(ar + by + cz)

. -**)+«C)-o
)*»)-o
Planes through OX, OY include an angle o. Show that their line of
Eampl
onthe cone :* (r* +y° +z*) r y "tan" (Bundelkhand 2006)

.The equation of any plane through

OX ie., the line y =0, z =0 is
Salution

+h =0

0.x+1.y+a1z =0. (1)

or
OY ie., the line x 0, z =0 is
Similarythe equation of any plane through
=

I+a2z =0 or 1.x+0.y +ngz =0. ..(2)

hence
Theangle between the planes (1) and (2) is given be 'ax'
to

0.1+1.0 +1 .A2
COs
d+2) l +a2) Vt(d+a12)0+a22))
Squaring, we get
a sec a=1+a)04222)
Or 2 sec2 a =1+2 + A2 + a22
Or 2A2 (sec a-) = l+ A +a2
Or
Atan a =1+1 +A2 .(3)
g and2 between the equations (1), (2) and (3), the locus of the line
df
iterection of the planes (1) and (2) is
y/2¥ (-x/z) tan a =1+(-y/z) + (-x/z)*
rtan a =z2 (+ y +z4).
Thisisa homogeneouse
its enes at the equation of 4th degree and hence it represents a cone w i t
origin.

omprehensive Exercise 1 *****

I.Hndthe equati
thecircle ation of the cone with vertex at (0,0,0) and passing through
enby+y2 +22 +X-2y +3z -4 =0, I-y+z= =2.
 TheCone

wwwe
5 T h eE g u e

deome
Kninbra's
T. B.
Analytical
netn g i v e no

equation
0) and passin
vertex
at (0, 0,
with
+ 3z 9 the
2y
-

z2++ 4r
cone
the
-

t he
AG60 c y u a t i
n
o n
off
o
by
r+
+z
y2 + To
fnd

Find
the

the
circle
given (Meerut 2009p
(ii)
hrough and which pas T h ee q u a t i o n s o f

t z - 3. vertex is (0,0,0)
whose a r 2

the
t he
conc nz = p and the
of lr + my
cquatio1

of the plane
thec
Tind
of intersection ( K a n p u r2005; Rohilkhand The equations o f
curve
the
through =
I. and base th.
+ by
t+ (z
v e r t e x is
the origin he -

surfacc av cone
whose

that the
cquation of the /z)
= 0.
2Prove

( , P)
= 0 is f (tk /z, yk
2006; Purvanchal 13; Kumaun 33)
cunve:
=
k. f (Agra and which pase (2)
mee.
vertex at the origin sses line
with the The
to the cone

4. Find the equation

=
+z +2x -3y +42
through the curve
-

++r -2y 4-4 =0, x +J at the origin and which

with the vertex
cone lies
Find the equation of the this
point
5.0) If

through the curve

2 B 2 2

passes

with the vertex at the origin and which

of the cone
Find the equation =2z.
+by +cz =1 ax+By
(ii)
passes through thecurve ar 07
Rohilkhand 13; Avadh 06, 08; Kumaun
(Meerut 2007B;
two sets of three mutually
found to contain any The relation (3-
6. Show that a cone can be
concurrent lines as generators. lin=
perpendicular locus of the

,
Show that the lines drawn through
the point (o, B, y) whose direction cosines I,m, n between
cn 0 generate the cone
satisfy al bm + =
+
From (2), we
a (r-a) +b (y -B)* +c (a -

y)* = 0.

and direction cosines

8. Find the equation of the cone with vertex at the origin
of its generators satisfy the relation + 2m 3n =0.
Putting these

Answers 1 aa
1. (i) +2 +3z +y -yz =0 +b
(ii) 6x + 4y +52 - 4 + 5xz - 3 yz = 00

2. (ar + by + 2) (lr + my + nz) cz =

Multiplying
of the cone
4. 2x+ y 51y -3 yz + 4zr =0 -

5. (1) 423

(ii) (ax+by +cz)422 = (0o2 +By22

8. +2y 322 =0
 T h e Cone

-61

T.Euation of the Cone with a given Vertex and a

Conic a s Base
given
cone vehose verter is fhe
the equation of a point (u, B. y) and base the conic
find
To ? +2hy + iyi + 2gr + 2fv +c =0,2 = 0.

(Bundelkhand 2005; Avadh 09)

the base of the cone are given to be
equations ofthe
a+2hy +
by* +2er +
2[r + c =

0,2 =0. ..(1)

through the vertex (a, B, y) are
equations ofany
The - a y -B -Y. .(2)
plane z = 0 at the point given by
meets t.
The line
(2)

y-B-0Yie,at the point a . -

on the given conic (1), then we get
lies
Ifthis point 2

2 |s- +c =0. 3)

Hence the
that the line (2) intersects the conic (1).
The relation(3) isthecondition of the cone is obtained by eliminating
locus ofthe line (2)i.e.,the required equation
Lm,n between (2) and (3).
From (2), we have
r -a
and
-Y nz-Y
of the cone is given by
Putting these values in (3), the required equation

2-
yng throughout by (z -

and simplifying, we get the required equation

2
n e coneas a (0 y +2h (oz 7 x ) (Bz - yy) + b (ßz - Y y

0.
- y) +e (z Y)
=

w) (
-

+2g(0z ) (z -

y) +2f (Bz -
N o wf i n d.
dz
dt

=0 and O -0 at t = l clearly represent thee

aF0, =0, Ot
Oz
Cquations dr dyNoW solve any equations three for
(5) and (6) respectively.
(A)
ns (3), equation is satisfied by these values of x, vandz
equations wemaining fourth
1,2andif cone with the vertex at the point
and i ation (1) will represent a
the given cquation

the three cquations.

by solving
solving
by
t h e r

f o u n d .

(.
. 2)
lustrative Examples

and intersects the parabola

Prorc that a line which passes through (C, 8, 7)
Example 5 ay) 0.
Yy) 4a (B y) (Br
-
-

on thecone (Bz
-

= 0 lies
(Kanpur 2009, 11; Purvanchal 10)

we are to tind the equation of a c o n e with

Solution:
Clearly in the given problem,
base curve as
and
vertex at (a, B, Y)
the ..(1)
4ax, y = 0.
: =

of any line through the point (a, B, v) are

The equations
- B
..2)
The line (2) meets the plane y =0 at the point given by
np
- 0 - 2 i e ,at the point a , 0 , 7- m
m

4a a ..(3)
This point will lie on the curve (1), if |
m m

Now from z-Y .

(2), we have and
m - B m -B

Putting these values of n/m and 1/m in (3) ie., eliminating , m, between the n

alions (2) and (3), the required equation of the cone is given by
 Kaialna's T.B. Analytical
G-64 Geomel

or (7-B =4 (y -B1) (y - p) or (ßz - p)' =4 (B- y) (Br -

Evample 5: The orter of a cone is (a, b, c) and the yz-plane cuts it in

the
FY.z)=0, 1 = 0,shonr that the zx-jplanecuts it in the curve Cury
h a =0.
=0, F|
r-a (Meerut 2006, I
Solution: Any line through (a, b, c)is

It meets the yz-plane ie., the plane r =0 at the point given b

0-4 -b _ Z-C
=

ie, at the point f0.b

Ifthe generator (1) meets the base curve F (y, 2) =0, x =0,then the point(2)wi
satisfy F (y, z) 0, and therefore we have
=

F- 7-.
Eliminatingl, m, n between (1) and (3), we get

CX Az
Or
X-a X-4
=0
as the required equation of the cone.
It meets the z-plane ie., the plane y = 0, in the curve

bxC4=0,y=0.
|r-a'r-a =

Phample 6: Prove that the equation ax + by2 +cz +21r + 2py + 2wz + d =0
represents a cone if iu^ /a + v /b + w/c = d. (Kanpur 2006; Meerut 08, 13:
Kumaun 10, 13)

Solution: Let F (r. y, z) = ar +by +c2 +2ux + 2ry + 2wz + d =0. .()

Introducinganewvariable tand making (1) homogeneous with the helpoft,we get

F(x, y,z, t) =ax + by2 +cz+2 xt +2ryt +2wzt + dté. ..(2)
article o]
See working rule of
Differentiating (2) partially w.rt. , y, z and t respectively, we have
 TheCone G-65

2hy + 2rt
o-2a1 +2ut,
dy
.(A)
2ux + 2 vy + 2wz + 2dt
a2e2 +2Nt
dz
cach of the relations in (A) and then equating them to zero, we have
Putting=1incach
2ar + 2u =
0,
F/dr =0
F/dy =0 2hy + 2r =0,
F/0 =0 2¢z + 2w =
0,

F/8t =0
2ur + 2vy + 2wz + 2d =0.
and we have
three equations,
the first
From

- / 4 , y=- V/b,
z = -

w/c.
values of , y, z in the fourth equation namely
Puttingthese
2c+27 + 2wz + 2d =
0,

we have

2(-1/a) +2r(-v/b) +2 w(-w/c) + 2d =0

fla+ *Tb + w* /c = d. ...(3)
Hence(3)istherequire condition that the given equation (1) represents a cone.
w dlo note that the vertex of the cone (1) is the point (-u/a, - v/b, -w/c).

Comprehensive Exercise 2

1Find the equation of the cone, whose vertex is

(a,p,T) and base
y ax t=1,z =0.
i) Prove that the equation ofa cone whose vertex is the point (ca, B. ) and
basecurve as 2 = 4hy, x =0 is ( - a z) = 4b (a- x) (ay - fx).

(Kanpur 2009, 11)

(Gii) Find the equation to the cone whose vertex is (o, B, y) and base
y = 4a x , z =0. (Meerut 2007B; Purvanchal 10
(iv) Find the equation ofthe cone whose vertex is (1, 2,-2) and guiding curve
is the parabola y = 4ax, z = 0. (Kanpur 2007)

n d the equation of a cone whose vertex is the point (o, B, y) and whose
2
generating lines pass through the conic + =1,z
z =0.
Kashi 14)
(Purvanchal 2008, 09;
 Kaiakna's T.B. Analytical
Geome
G-66 etn
3.The section of a cone whose vertex is P and the base curve the
+ = 1,z =0 by the plane x =0 is a rectangular hyperbola. Show
ellip
tha
the locus of Pis *z = 1.
(Avadh 2007
2
4. Find the equation of the cone whose vertex is (1,2,3) and guiding curyei
the circle r + y +24 = 4, x + y +2 = 1.

Find the equation of the cone

(Garhwal 2002
5. with vertex (5,4,3) and wi
31+2 =6, y + z =0 as base.
(Avadh 201
6 Two cones with a common vertex pass through the curves
= Aax. y =0 and z = 4by, x = 0.

The plane z = 0 meets them in two conics which intersect in four concyl,

points. Show that the vertex lies on the surface

(x/a +ylb) =4 ( +*). (Avadh 2010
Prove that the liner = pz + q, y =rz + s, intersects the conic

Lz 0 if aq bs =l
a +by = = +

Hence show that the co-ordinates of any point on a line which intersects the
conic and passes through the point (a, B. y) satisfy the equation
a (yx-cz) +b (*y - Bz) = (z - Y).

8. Prove that the equation

4 y +2z +2xy -3yz + 12x - 1ly +6z +4 =0
represents a cone. Find the co-ordinates of its vertex.
(Meerut 2005, 12; Agra 2005, 14
9 P1ove that the equation
2z -20 =0
-22 +322 -4y +5yz -
6zx +8r- 19y -

represents a cone. Show tlhat the co-ordinates of its vertex are (L -2,3).
(Meerut 20138)

wa
Answers 2

1. () a (oz w +b (Bz - 1 ) = (2 - *

(ii) (Bz - 1y¥ =4a( z - y ) ( - )

(iv) (22 +2y = 4a (z +2x)(z + 2)

2. b (oz - +a (Bz - yy¥ =ab ( -v
512 +3y2 +z2 - 6yz - 4zr -2xy +6x +8y +10z -26 0
147x +87y +101z +90 yz -210zx - 210xy +84y +84z - 294=
5.
8. 1-2.-3)

*
 The Cone

G-71

lustrative Examples

7:Prove
that the concs
Examyle
+by2 +cz2 =0 and r la +y' |h +zlc =0
to each other
are
reciprocal
IMeerut 2001, 02; Kumaun 07; Rohilkhand 08; Avadh 10; Agra 13)

Let the cone reciprocal to ar

+by + c2 = 0
Solution: .(1)
A? +By + Cz +2Fyz +2Gzx +2 Hy =0. .(2)
be
with the equation
Comparing (1)
a+by +cz +2fvz +2 gzr + 2 hyy =0,
=0, g =
0, h =
0.
a, b b,C= C,f
=
=
have a
we

Now,A = be -f"
= be - 0 = be. Here, f =0]
ca, C=
ab.
Similarly, B
=

0. Sinmilarly, G =
0, H=0.
F gh -af
=

Also
of A, B, C, F,G, Hin (2), the equation of the cone reciprocal
Putting these values
to (1) is
bar+cay + 2/b+z2/c 0.
abzi = 0 or r/a + =

that
Evample 8: Prove that thecquation v( fx) V( gv)t (hz) = represents
£ V 0 a cone

Show ose that the equation of the reciprocal cone is

ouchestheco-ordinate planes.
2002, 07; Rohilkhand 06; Kanpur 06;
gzr + hxy 0. (Meerut
=
tyz + Garhwal 02; Gorakhpur 05; Agra 07; Kumaun 08, 09, 14, 15)

Solution: The given equation is

V(f)+ V(gy)t V(hz) = 0 ...(1)
or
()V(gy) = F V(hz).
gy +2 V(Jey) hz
Squaring both sides, we have fr
=
+

or (ft+g-hz)= F2 V(,Sgy).
Again squaring both sides, we get
f + y +hz2 +2gy -2 fhzr -2ghy z = 4fgxy
or P+sy2 +h2 -2f y -2fhzr -2 giyz = 0 (2)
Which is a homogeneous equation of second degree in x, y and z.

the equation (2) ie, the cone witn

ence given equation (1) represents a quadric
the vertex at the
The
origin.
plane r =
0 meets (2), where
y2+h2 -2ghyz =0 or (gy-hg)= =0.
purtect square shows that the plane x = 0 meets the cone (2) along two
 Kaiskna'sT.B. Analytical Geome.
G-72
etry
coincident lines 0, hgr =
gy- 0.Theretore the
plane r 0 touches the
=
=
o
Similarly, the planes y =0 and z = 0 also touch the cone (2).

To find the reciprocal cone of the cone (2) [i.e., of (1)]. In the equation
cone (2), we have 1ation of the
a
f,h =
g.c *.f = = -

gh. g = fh,h -

= -

fg.
A "h - f2"= g' - gh =o.
Similarly, B = 0, C = 0.
Also F "=
=
"gh -

af (-fh)(- Íe)- f (-gh) 2 =

gh.
Similarly, G = 2g hf and H = 2h Sg.
Hence the equation of the cone reciprocal to (2) [i.e., to (1)] is given by
A2+By + Cz +2Fyz +2 Gzx +
2Hxy =0
or 0 +0+0+4f ghyz+4g hfzr +4h fgxy =0
or fyz+ gzr + i ay =0.
[Dividing throughout by 4fih

Comprehensive Exercise 3

1.Find the equation of the cone reciprocal to the cone

Syz + gzx + hy =F0.

2/planes Prove that the

is a +
general equation to a cone which touches
by +c¢z -2byz 2cazx -
R
the co-ordinate
2ab1y=0. (Garhwal 2002)
-

3. Show that the

tangent planes to the cone fyz +
gzx + hxy =
0 are
perpendicular to the generators of the cone (
s' +8'y+*:2 ghyz 2hfar -2/gyy
=O.
-2 -

4. Prove that the

perpendiculars drawn from the origin to the
tangent planes
to the
con ax + by + cz 0 lie on the cone =

5.
(Kanpur 2006; Rohilkhand 08; Kashi 13)
Prove that the
to the cone
perpendiculars drawn from the origin to the tangent plan
3x +4y +522 +2 yz +4zr + 6xy =0 lie on the cone
19x +1 ly +322 +6yz 10zr 26xy =0.
-
-

Answers 3
. 2 +y +h -2ghyz -2hfax -2 gyy =0
 ICS Of
0 1..
1e.,

2 (u + +w2l/2 p
=

section

= 0.
ta +b + c) (u° + v +w*) - f (u, v, w)
i
P =0

(Au + Bv 2 +w2 +2Fvw +2Gwu +

2Huv) =0
A? +Bv +Cw +2Fvw +2 Gwu +2Hup = 0

required
condition
conditio
is the
which

lustrative b x a m p l e s

find the cquations of the ines in which the plane 2.x + y - z =0 cuts the
Example 9:
22+3 +32 0. Find = also the angle between the lines of section
cane 4x p (Meerut 2000)
The equation of the plane
is 2.x + y -

z =0 .(1)
Solution:

and that of the

cone is y? + 322 0.
4r -
=
..(2)
of the cone (2) by the plane (1) be
Let the equations of a line of section

m
it is perpendicular to the normal to the plane
As it lies in the plane (1), therefore
(1). .(3)
21+ m - n = 0.

therefore 412 m +3n =0. ..(4)

Also as it lies on the cone (2),
-

..(5)
From (3), n=21 + m
Putting this value of n from (5) in (4), e get
81+6lm + m = 0
4/2-m2+ 3 (2/+ m)2 =0 or

or
(4/+m) (21 + m) =0.
 G-76 Geomet
4/+ m = 0 or 21m =0.
Now 4/ + m = 0 In = -

41, and then from (5), n = -

21.

i42
Again 21+ m =0 m= -21, and then from (5), n =0.

Hence the equations of the lines of section are

and
14-2
t h e direction cosines of the lines are proportional to,-4,-2;I1, -2,0.

ife is the angle between the lines, then

1.1+(4)(-2) + (-2).0
cos 6
I(1+(4) + (-2)1. Vt(1 + (-2 +0)
9
V(21) V5 V35,
= cos [V(27/35)].
Example 10 Show that theplane ax + by + Cz = 0 cuts the cone yz + zr + y =0i

perpendicular lines if1/a + 1/b + l/c =0. (Meerut 2003, 06; Kumaun 08, 15;
Bundelkhand 04)
Solution: The equation of the plane is ax + by + cz =F0
and that ofthe cone is yz + 2x +x y = 0. ..(2
Let the equations of a line of section of the cone (2) by the plane (1) be
x/l=y/m =z/n. .3
Then mn + nl + ln = 0 .4
and al + bm + cn = 0. .5
Eliminating n from (4) and (5), we get
m-al+bmj (al+bm) I+ m =0
C

or al + (a +b - c) In + bm = 0

or a (l/m) + (a +b - c) (1/m) + b = 0.
..(6)
Dividing throughout by m}
nis is a
quadratic equation in (1/ m) and hence it shows that the given plane cu
the given cone in two
generators (i.e., lines). If , m, 7 ;lh, ma n2 are u ,

direction-cosines of the two lines of section, then /m, ly im, are the roots Or the
quadratic (6).
(ie., the product of the roots) =
m m2
 TheC o n e

G-77

1/b 1/c [By symmetry

1/4
will be perpendicular if
These
linesofs ofsection
hlh + y m, t
m n =0
1/a +1/b + 1/c =0.
if

Comprehensive Exercise 4

Find the angle between the line: of section of the plane 3x + y +5z = 0 and
2r + 5.y = 0.
the cone 6yz - 2
the
the condition that the plane X + vy + wz = 0 may cut the cone
that
2. Show
=0 perpendicular generators is
in
a +h +cz
h+c)u +(C+a)v* + (a + b) w 0. =

between the lines given by

Prove that the angle
r+y+2 =0, ayz + bzr + cxy = 0 is T
1

f atb+c =0 but n if l/a +1/b +1/c =0.

(97m n )
i

(Bundelkhand 2007, 08)

Find the angle between the lines of section ofthe plane 6x - y -22 0 and

thecone108r -7y 202 0.

-
=

5. lftheplane2x- y +c z = O cuts the cone yz + 2 + xy = 0 in perpendicular

lines, find the value of c.

6Show that the planes which cut ar +by + a =0 in perpendicular

generators touch the cone + z = 0.

b +c C+a a +b

Answers 4

. co8 (0/6)
4. cos (20/21) 5. 2

Ihree Mutually Perpendicular Generators

To fund the
condition that the cone
ar
may have
+ly +ca +2fyz +2gzr +2hy =0
thwee mutually pendicular
generators.
where cone (
2 ) h a s t h r e e

m i p r o ac
l one
2).

gven A+B+ C=0

The

8°)+ (ab -h>) =0

h-f)+ (a +h2
ff +g2
+ 0a+ab =

strativeExxaammp
plle
ess
InustrativeL x

perpendicular
3 represents one ofa of three mutually
set
f1/1=y/2 =z/3repres

the other two.

Emmpe
11;
8zr-3y xy 0.find the equations of
==

hecone5yz
-

cone is
Pnatorva the given
cquation of
The
= 0,.
...(1)
Solation
-82x
-

3y
5yz coefficients of r*, y andz2 is zerc
zero.
the sum ofthe
afion the
of t
of
cone ,

the
e q u a t i o n

infinite set of three mutually perpendicular generators.

(1)hasan
In

the
cone
then
set of three mutually perpendicualr generators
Hence

o is one
n e of a =

Thus
if (1) bythe
lines of intersection of the given
cone
generators
generators
will bbe the
will
eothertwo and perpendicular to the given generator namely
plane
through the vertex (0,0,0)
the straight line

is 1.x+.2y +3z = 0. ...(2)

Theequation ofthis plane
/n be a line of intersection of (1)
and (2), so that we have
Letx/l= y/m = z
.(3)
Smn -8nl -3lm =0
+2m +3n = 0. ..(4)
and
Eliminating I between (3)) (4), we get and

Smn-8n (- 2m 3n) -3(-2m-3n) m =0D

-

or 6m +30mn +24n =0
Or m+5mn +4n =0)
m+ 4n) (m +n) =0.
m = - 4n or mn = - n.

When m= -41, from (4) we have

1-5n =0 or = 5n.
 Krisbna' T.B. Analytical
GSO Geomneh
= - 5m =20n or

When m = -

n. from (4) we have l +n =

0 or = n.
= m = -
n or
-1
Therefore, from (5) and (6), the
equations of the other two
generators are
and
-1
Clearly both these
generators are perpendicular since
Also
5.1+(-4).1+ (1).(-1)
each of these two
=0.
generators is perpendicular to the given generator
since 5.1+ generatu
(-4).2 +1.3 =0 and 1.1+1.2 + (-1).3 =0.
Hence the
required two generators are
given by the equations (7) abo

Comprehensive Exercise 5 ww.vi cvTwvwwAwww

 Kaikra's T.B. Analytical
G-80 Geoma
Sm = 20n or
4/=
-

w e have /+n=0 1
from (4)
When m= n,
-

or

(0), tne eqations ofthe other two generators

erefore. from (5) and are
Z
and

,
erpendicular since
are peTpendicular since
generators
Clearly
both these
= 0.
5.1+(-4).1+(1).(-)
these two generators is perpendicular to the given
Also each of Tator
5.1+(-4).2+1.3=0
and
1.1+1.2+(-1).3 =0.
since
two generators
are given by the equations (7) abouoe.
Hence the required

Comprehensive Exercise 5

+nz = 0 cuts the cone

my k +
1. Show that the plane
+ (a -b) z* +2fyz +2gzr +2hy =0
(b-c) + (c - a) y
lines if
in perpendicular
(a b) n +2fmn +2gnl +2hlm
=0
(b-c)+ (c a) m*
- + -

2. Prove that the locus of

the points which three mutually perpendicular
from
2. as,z 0 is a surface
intersect à given circle x +y'
= =

lines can be drawn to

of revolution.
mutually perpendicular generators of
(3./Ifr =y =z /2 be one of a of three
set
the other two
find the equations of
the 3yz -2zx-2xy
cone =0, (Agra 2007)
generators.
+z =U cuts
4. Prove that the angle between the lines in
which the plane r + y
0.
0 will be t/2if a + b +c =

the cone ayz + bzr + cxy =

(Bundelkhand 2007, 08)

Answers 5

3. x/2 l(-4) = z/l; x/3 =y/l =z/(-2)

C a s eI l : f t h e e r
vertex is at the origin, axis the x-axris and
.axis are 1, 0,0. Hence semi-vertical angle is 6
putting m 0
r - a x i s

'softhe =n
e, the required equation of the cone is given by andl
=
=
lin the
The
d.c.
equation
(2)
above,
(+ +2*)sin 0 =z2 +t 2
2+22)(1- sin 0) =rsin e
+ z =* tan e0
or write complete proofs of cases II
ents should write . (5)
Note: T
and III as given in the
case I.
of
proot

Imustrative E x a m p
e Examples aweseoe

The dis ofa right circular cone, vertex at the origin O, makes equal angles
Example1 2 :
..dS, and the cone passes through the line drawn from O with direction
w i t ht h eo o - o r d i m a

iththe to
asinespropotional1 al l,-2,2. Find.the equation of the cone.
rigin Ois
Ois the
the vertex of the cone. OA is the given generator of the
Solution:
1heorigin 1, -2, 2.
ection ratios
are
one whose d i r e c

- C

A
ZB
P(%y,2)

is 1ally inclined to the co-ordinate axes, hence its

the axis
Given that
direction cosines
are 1, 1, 1.
proportional OA and OC
of the cone, thenais the angie between
letabe the semi-vertical angle
Hence
1.1+1.(-2) +1.2
COS = +22 +22) 33
V +1 +12) Va2
with
Then OP is also a generatorof the cone
LetP(, y, z)be any point on the cone.
the angle between OPand OCis alsoa.
proporional direction cosines as x, y, z and
Hence
1.r+1.y +1.z
COS =
+y2 +z2) v(? +2 +P)
or +y +z) [Substituting the value of
cos a
or
3 13 3(+?
3( ++z2)
9+y+2 = +y +:2
or
4+4 + 422 +9 yz + 92x +9y =0,
which is the
equation of the required cone.
 Kaiskoa' T. B.
G-84 Analytical
cal Ger
Geometh

Comprehensive Exercise 6
1. Find the equation to the right circular cone whose vertex is
makes equal angles with the co-ordinate axes (2,-3.5 ), 3
and semi-vertical
2. Aright circular cone is passing through the point (1, 1, angle is 20
point (1,0,1). The axis of the cone is ) and vertexisn
its
is the
Find the equation of the cone. equally inclined to the
co-ordinate av.
3. Find the equation of the
axes
(Meerut 2011
right circular cone whose vertex is the
whose axis is the line x t, origin and
y 21, z 3t and which has a
= = =

60. vertical angle

de
4. Find the
equation of the right circular cone with vertex at
semi-vertical angle 60° and the axis (r (-2,-
1)/3 (y+2)/4 (z + Iy/5,
-
= -

5. Find the equation of the cone formed by rotating the line 2x(Kumaun 2012)
about the y-axis. +3y 6,2 =0 =

6. Find the (Kanpur 2007)

equation of the cone
generated by rptating the line
ylm x/l = =
z/n about the line x/a y/b =z/c axis.
=
as
7 . If a right circular cone has three
mutually perpendicular tangent planes,
then show that the semi-vertical
angle of the cone is given by cot v2

Answers 6
1. 5(r +y +z<) 8 (yz +zr + xy) -

4r +86y 58z +278 =0

2. yz + zx + y - x -2y z + l=0 -

3. 19x +13y +3z -24 yz -12zr 8xy =0 -

4. 7x-7y -25z + 80 yz 60zr + 48xy +22x +4y + 170z +78 =0

-

5. 4 9y2 + 42 + 36y 36 = 0
6. (ax + by +cz) ( +
m +n)=( +y +:2)al +bm cn)? +

15 The Enveloping Cone

Definition: The locus ofthe tangentsfrom a given point to a given surface is a cone callad
the enveloping cone or the tangent cone of that surface with the given point as its verter
Example
*** 13: Find the enveloping cone of the sphere x+ +z +2x -

2y =
2 with
its vertex at (1, 1,1). (Purvanchal 2011)
The Cone
G.87

The equation of the sphere is y z 2 r - 2 y - 2 -0

Solution:
and rertex of the
the vertex
enveloping cone is (1, 1, ).
is
through
(1, 1, 1)
=r (say)
line

Any (1)

(lr + mr + 1, n1r + ).
line
the line
the (1) is
(1) ,

on
then this point must lie on the sphere and so
Any
point
meets the given sphere,
l i n e (1)
he
-2 (mr 1)- 2 =0
(ur + 1) +2 (lr + 1)
we must have +
1) + (mr +
(r +1)2 +
+nr2
m r +1+ 2mr
1 2 2 + 1 + 2 / r+
2mr -2 2 0
2lr +2
-

2nr +
-

+1
o
+ ) + r (4 +2n) + 1 = 0 .
2 (12 +m then it will meet the given sphere in
tangent
tothe given sphere,
he line
(1) is a So we must
have
points. Using B =
4AC]
cident
=4xIx( +m +u)
4 (21 +n)
two

+n2+ 4ln + m +2 =

42 +4ln =0. ..(2)

31- m
or
42-12-m +4ln
=0 or
the enveloping
the required
equation of
or
between (1) and (2),
m, n
Eliminating ,

cone is 4 (r - ) ( - ) =0
-(y -) +

3 (r-D
+1-2y)
+4 (xz -r -z +1) =0
3 (x+1-2x)
-

(y 0
-42 +4
=
4r
1 + 4xz
-

yá +2y
-

3x 6x +3 - 4z =0
or
2 y + 4rz + 6 -
- 10xr +
3x-
or 4z +6 =0.
4zr - 10x +2y
-

+
or 3x-
Comprehensive Exercise 7

of the sphere at (, 1, 1).

Find the enveloping cone with its
vertex

+z2 -2y +6z +2 0 =

+ s o as
to touch the sphere
drawn from
the origin
the lines
O that 21y + 2wz +d =0
+ y + z2 +2ur +
wz).
(ur + vy+
d(2 + 2 +22)
=

the of the sphere

e on cone

the enveloping
cone

3 Prove 0
the plane z
= cuts r e c t a n g u l a r h y p e r b o l a .

2
+y +z2 =llwhich has its vertex at (2, 4,)ina
 Kaiska' T.B. Analytical Geom.
G-88

4. Find the locus of a luminous point which moves so that the snh
+z - 2az =0 casts a parabolic shadow on the plane z = 0 here
5. Find the locus of points from which thrce mutually perpendicular tano.
by 2cz. ngenm
paraboloid a
=
+
lines can be drawn to the

Answers 7

1. 8 + 9 - 7 -8zr-8r 18y +22z +2 = 0

4. (+ y+: -4az +4a)-2a (+y) =0

5. ab ( +y2) -2 (a + b)z c =

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Indicate the correctanswer
f o r each question by writing the correspondingletterfom

(a). (b), (c) and (d).

. If the y-axis is a generator of the cone
ax +by +a +2fyz +2 gzr + 2hxy =0,

then the value of b is

(a) 1 (b) -1
(c) 0 (d) none of these
2. The general equation of second degree of a cone which passes through the
coordinate axes is
(a) + fyz + gzr + hry =0 (b) fyz + gzx + hy = 0

(C) + rz + gzr + lay = 0

(d)z + fyz + gzr + lhay =0
(Kumaun 2010, 12)
3. Condition for the cone ax +4y + 5z2 +2 yz +4 zr + 6ry = 0 to have

three mutually perpendicular generators is

(a) a=-9 (b) a = 9

c)a=5 (d) a = 4

4. The plane ar + by + cz =0 cuts the cone yz + zr+ y =0in perpendicu

lines if
(a) a +b+c=0
(b1/a +1/b +1/c =0
(c)a+b+c2 =0 (d) none of these
(Kumaun 2011, 13)