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World Press Freedom Index 35 languages

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Methodology
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI)
Political context is an annual ranking of countries compiled
and published by Reporters Without
Legal framework
Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the
Economic context organization's own assessment of the
Sociocultural context countries' press freedom records in the
previous year. It intends to reflect the
Safety
degree of freedom that journalists, news
Rankings and scores by organizations, and netizens have in each
country or places
country, and the efforts made by
See also authorities to respect this freedom. 2023 World Press Freedom Index[1]
Good: 85–100 points
Reporters Without Borders is careful to
References Satisfactory: 70–85 points
note that the WPFI only deals with press
Problematic: 55–70 points
External links freedom and does not measure the quality Difficult: 40–55 points
of journalism in the countries it assesses, Very serious <40 points
nor does it look at human rights violations Not classified
in general.[2]

Methodology [ edit ]

The WPFI is partly based on a questionnaire[3] that previously used seven general criteria: pluralism (measures
the degree of representation of opinions in the media space), media independence, environment and self-
censorship, legislative framework, transparency, infrastructure, and abuses.

The methodology for the WPFI was dramatically changed in 2022 from the methodology used from 2013 to
2021, and the thresholds for each categorization have been shifted accordingly.[4] The scores are now
evaluated against five distinct categories: political context, legal framework, economic context, sociocultural
context and safety.[5]

Political context [ edit ]

This category aims to evaluate the autonomy of media and the degree of support to the media to keep
government and officials accountable.

Legal framework [ edit ]

The questionnaire takes account of the legal framework for the media (including penalties for press offences,
the existence of a state monopoly for certain kinds of media and how the media are regulated) and the level of
independence of the public media. It also includes violations of the free flow of information on the Internet.

Economic context [ edit ]

This category aims to evaluate economic constraints put on the press by carrying out its mission.

Sociocultural context [ edit ]

This category aims to evaluate the social and cultural constraints put on journalists to self-censor against
covering specific issues because it would be in opposition to the predominant culture of a country.

Safety [ edit ]

This category aims to evaluate journalists' safety in disseminating news without the risk of bodily harm,
psychological or emotional distress or professional harm.

Violence against journalists, netizens, and media assistants, including abuses attributable to the state, armed
militias, clandestine organizations or pressure groups, are monitored by RSF staff during the year and are also
part of the final score. A higher score on the report corresponds to greater freedom of the press as reported by
the organization.

The questionnaire is sent to Reporters Without Borders's partner organizations: 18 freedom of expression non-
governmental organizations located in five continents, its 150 correspondents around the world and journalists,
researchers, jurists and human rights activists.[2]

Rankings and scores by country or places [ edit ]

Countries are ranked on a scale from 0–100 points.

2023 2022 2021 2020 2019

Country [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

(001) (001) (001) (001) (001)

Norway
95.18 92.65 93.28 92.16 92.18

(002) (006) (012) (013) (015)

Ireland
89.91 88.3 88.09 87.40 85.00

(003) (002) (004) (003) (005)

Denmark
89.48 90.27 91.43 91.87 90.13

(004) (003) (003) (004) (003)

Sweden
88.15 88.84 92.76 90.75 91.69

(005) (005) (002) (002) (002)

Finland
87.94 88.42 93.01 92.07 92.10

(006) (028) (006) (005) (004)

Netherlands
87.00 77.93 90.33 90.04 91.37

(007) (009) (028) (028) (030)

Lithuania
86.79 84.14 79.95 78.81 77.94

(008) (004) (015) (014) (011)

Estonia
85.31 88.83 84.75 87.39 87.73

(009) (007) (009) (010) (012)

Portugal
84.60 87.07 89.89 88.17 87.37

(010) (017) (071) (078) (084)

East Timor
84.49 81.89 70.89 70.10 70.07

(011) (010) (023) (024) (026)

Liechtenstein
84.47 84.03 80.51 80.48 79.51

(012) (014) (010) (008) (006)

Switzerland
84.40 82.72 89.45 89.38 89.48

(013) (011) (008) (009) (007)

New Zealand
84.23 83.54 89.96 89.31 89.25

(014) (020) (040) (040) (040)

Czech Republic
83.58 80.54 76.62 76.43 75.11

(015) (019) (013) (016) (018)

Canada
83.53 81.74 84.75 84.71 84.31

(016) (022) (022) (022) (024)

Latvia
83.27 79.17 80.74 81.44 80.47

(017) (027) (035) (033) (035)

Slovakia
83.22 78.37 76.98 77.33 76.42

(018) (015) (016) (015) (014)

Iceland
83.19 82.69 84.63 84.88 85.29

(019) (045) (021) (021) (022)

Samoa
82.15 71.39 80.76 81.75 81.75

(020) (021) (020) (017) (017)

Luxembourg
81.98 79.81 82.44 84.54 84.34

(021) (016) (013) (011) (013)

Germany
81.91 82.04 84.76 87.84 85.40

(022) (018) (024) (023) (023)

Namibia
80.91 81.84 80.28 80.75 81.05

(023) (008) (005) (007) (010)

Costa Rica
80.20 85.92 91.24 89.47 87.76

(024) (026) (034) (034) (032)

France
78.72 78.53 77.4 77.08 77.79

(025) (035) (032) (031) (031)

South Africa
78.60 75.56 78.41 77.59 77.81

(026) (024) (033) (035) (033)

United Kingdom
78.51 78.71 78.41 77.07 77.77

(027) (039) (025) (026) (021)

Australia
78.24 73.77 80.21 79.79 83.45

(028) (040) (089) (091) (091)

Moldova
77.62 73.47 68.39 68.84 68.79

(029) (031) (017) (018) (016)

Austria
77.30 76.74 83.66 84.22 84.67

(030) (025) (031) (036) (039)

Trinidad and Tobago
76.54 78.68 78.45 76.78 75.26

(031) (023) (011) (012) (009)

Belgium
76.47 78.86 88.31 87.43 87.93

(032) (012) (007) (006) (008)

Jamaica
75.89 83.35 90.04 89.49 88.87

(033) (036) (027) (025) (025)

Cape Verde
75.72 75.37 79.91 79.85 80.19

(034) (013) (052) (063) (069)

Seychelles
75.71 83.33 74.34 71.34 70.59

(035) (038) (043) (043) (042)

Taiwan
75.54 74.08 76.14 76.24 75.02

(036) (032) (029) (029) (029)

Spain
75.37 76.71 79.56 77.84 78.01

(037) (053) (039) (037) (037)

Andorra
75.05 68.79 76.68 76.77 75.37

(038) (057) (090) (092) (095)

North Macedonia
74.35 68.44 68.33 68.72 68.34

(039) (063) (104) (105) (104)

Montenegro
74.28 66.54 65.67 66.17 67.26

(040) (029) (069) (064) (057)

Argentina
73.36 77.28 71.01 71.22 71.70

(041) (058) (041) (041) (043)

Italy
72.05 68.16 76.61 76.31 75.02

(042) (048) (056) (059) (064)

Croatia
71.95 70.42 72.05 71.49 70.97

(043) (030) (050) (055) (055)

Dominican Republic
71.88 76.9 74.4 72.10 72.10

(044) (049) (046) (050) (045)

Tonga
71.29 69.74 75.41 72.73 74.59

(045) (042) (044) (045) (048)

United States
71.22 72.74 76.07 76.15 74.31

(046) (050) (085) (087) (092)

Gambia
71.06 69.25 69.24 69.38 68.65

(047) (043) (042) (042) (041)

South Korea
70.83 72.11 76.57 76.30 75.06

(048) (052) (019) (020) (020)

Suriname
70.62 68.95 83.05 82.50 83.62

(048) (051) (063) (061) (061)

Armenia
70.61 68.97 71.17 71.40 71.02

(050) (054) (036) (032) (034)

Slovenia
70.59 68.54 76.9 77.36 77.69

(051) (047) (053) (053) (053)

Belize
70.49 70.67 72.39 72.50 72.50

(052) (044) (018) (019) (019)

Uruguay
70.33 72.03 83.62 84.21 83.94

(053) (056) (048) (048) (047)

Romania
69.04 68.46 75.09 74.09 74.33

(054) (037) (066) (068) (071)

Ivory Coast
68.83 74.46 71.13 71.06 70.48

(055) (065) (026) (027) (028)

Cyprus
68.62 65.97 80.15 79.55 78.26

(056) (061) (078) (070) (075)

Kosovo
68.38 67 69.68 70.67 70.32

(057) (066) (064) (062) (059)

Poland
67.66 65.64 71.16 71.35 71.11

(058) (041) (037) (038) (036)

Burkina Faso
67.64 73.12 76.83 76.53 75.47

(059) (062) (047) (046) (038)

Papua New Guinea
67.62 66.66 75.12 76.07 75.30

(060) (034) (051) (049) (051)

Guyana
67.50 76.41 74.39 73.37 73.37

(061) (059) (059) (057) (066)

Niger
66.84 67.8 71.56 71.75 70.74

(062) (060) (030) (030) (027)

Ghana
65.93 67.43 78.67 77.74 79.19

(063) (064) (061) (056) (058)

Mauritius
65.56 66.07 71.26 72.00 71.54

(064) (067) (058) (058) (063)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
65.43 65.64 71.66 71.49 70.98

(065) (095) (038) (039) (044)

Botswana
64.61 58.49 76.75 76.44 74.91

(066) (075) (098) (095) (093)

Liberia
64.34 62.77 66.64 67.75 68.51

(067) (088) (088) (086) (078)

Lesotho
64.29 59.39 68.30 69.55 70.26

(068) (071) (067) (066) (067)

Japan
63.95 64.37 71.12 71.14 70.64

(069) (074) (077) (076) (079)

Panama
63.67 62.78 70.06 70.22 70.22

(070) (100) (074) (071) (076)

Togo
63.06 57.17 70.41 70.67 70.31

(071) (091) (112) (111) (111)

Bulgaria
62.98 59.12 62.71 64.94 64.89

(072) (085) (092) (089) (087)

Hungary
62.96 59.8 68.24 69.16 69.56

(073) (113) (119) (101) (123)

Malaysia
62.83 51.55 60.53 66.88 63.26

(074) (046) (075) (085) (086)

Sierra Leone
62.55 71.03 70.39 69.72 69.64

(075) (083) (084) (075) (056)

Comoros
62.25 60.16 69.35 70.23 72.09

(076) (081) (076) (077) (074)

Northern Cyprus
61.73 61.08 70.18 70.21 70.33

(077) (089) (060) (060) (060)

Georgia
61.69 59.3 71.36 71.41 71.02

(078) (092) (095) (094) (089)

Guinea-Bissau
61.57 58.79 67.32 67.94 69.05

(079) (106) (097) (096) (102)

Ukraine
61.19 55.76 67.04 67.48 67.54

(080) (068) (096) (098) (097)

Ecuador
60.51 64.61 67.17 67.38 68.12

(081) (093) (118) (118) (117)

Congo
60.42 58.64 61.17 63.44 63.96

(082) (080) (062) (069) (068)

Malawi
60.34 61.4 71.2 70.68 70.64

(083) (082) (054) (051) (046)

Chile
60.09 60.61 72.11 72.69 74.35

(084) (078) (081) (081) (077)

Malta
59.76 61.55 69.54 69.84 70.26

(085) (084) (109) (110) (107)

Guinea
59.51 59.82 64.58 65.66 66.51

(086) (097) (094) (097) (094)

Mauritania
59.45 58.1 67.75 67.46 68.35

(087) (109) (115) (120) (119)

Zambia
59.41 55.4 61.79 63.00 63.62

(088) (090) (068) (073) (070)

Mongolia
59.33 59.17 71.03 70.39 70.49

(089) (102) (055) (052) (052)

Fiji
59.27 56.91 72.08 72.59 72.82

(090) (033) (065) (067) (080)

Bhutan
59.25 76.46 71.14 71.10 70.19

(091) (079) (093) (093) (090)

Serbia
59.16 61.51 67.97 68.38 68.82

(092) (110) (111) (107) (105)

Brazil
58.67 55.36 63.75 65.95 67.21

Organisation of Eastern (093) (055) (045) (044) (050)

Caribbean States 58.36 68.49 76.02 76.22 73.96

(094) (105) (117) (121) (115)

Gabon
58.12 56 61.4 62.80 64.40

(095) (076) (106) (112) (106)

Nepal
57.89 62.67 65.38 64.90 66.60

(096) (103) (083) (084) (082)

Albania
57.86 56.41 69.41 69.75 70.16

(097) (086) (086) (088) (088)

Israel
57.57 59.62 69.1 69.16 69.20

(098) (101) (126) (132) (145)

Central African Republic
57.56 56.96 58.08 57.13 52.73

(099) (070) (087) (083) (062)

Haiti
57.38 64.55 68.88 69.80 71.00

(100) (087) (072) (079) (098)

Maldives
56.93 59.55 70.87 70.07 67.84

(101) (098) (057) (054) (054)

Madagascar
56.66 58.02 71.76 72.32 72.24

(102) (116) (108) (104) (103)

Mozambique
56.13 49.89 64.61 66.21 67.34

(103) (096) (100) (100) (099)

Paraguay
55.96 58.36 66.48 67.03 67.60

(104) (073) (049) (047) (049)

Senegal
55.82 63.07 74.78 76.01 74.19

(105) (119) (128) (129) (128)

Qatar
55.28 49.03 57.4 57.49 57.49

(106) (115) (137) (140) (136)

Thailand
55.24 50.15 54.78 55.06 55.90

(107) (108) (070) (065) (065)

Greece
55.20 55.52 70.99 71.20 70.92

(108) (117) (113) (119) (124)

Indonesia
54.83 49.27 62.6 63.18 63.23

(109) (104) (123) (123) (122)

Chad
53.73 56.18 59.8 60.30 63.29

(110) (077) (091) (090) (085)

Peru
52.74 61.75 68.29 69.06 69.78

(111) (131) (141) (141) (147)

Eswatini
52.66 46.42 53.66 54.85 50.91

(112) (121) (114) (113) (096)

Benin
52.44 48.39 61.82 64.89 68.26

(113) (111) (099) (108) (112)

Mali
52.29 54.48 66.5 65.88 64.77

(114) (107) (147) (160) (159)

Burundi
52.14 55.74 52.43 44.67 47.11

(115) (112) (082) (074) (081)

El Salvador
51.36 54.09 69.51 70.30 70.19

(116) (069) (102) (103) (100)

Kenya
51.15 64.59 66.35 66.28 67.56

(117) (126) (110) (114) (113)

Bolivia
51.09 47.58 64.53 64.63 64.62

(118) (128) (139) (138) (139)

South Sudan
50.62 47.06 54.22 55.51 54.35

(119) (130) (107) (102) (101)

Lebanon
50.46 46.58 65.07 66.81 67.56

(120) (141) (164) (165) (165)

Equatorial Guinea
50.35 43.96 44.33 43.62 41.65

(121) (094) (073) (072) (072)

Tunisia
50.11 58.49 70.47 70.55 70.39

(122) (072) (079) (082) (083)

Kyrgyzstan
49.91 64.25 69.63 69.81 70.08

(123) (129) (120) (115) (120)

Nigeria
49.56 46.79 60.31 64.37 63.50

(124) (125) (149) (150) (154)

DR Congo
48.55 47.66 51.41 50.91 48.29

(125) (099) (103) (106) (109)

Angola
48.30 57.17 65.94 66.08 65.04

(126) (137) (130) (126) (127)

Zimbabwe
48.17 44.94 56.88 59.05 57.77

(127) (124) (116) (116) (116)

Guatemala
48.12 47.94 61.55 64.26 64.06

(128) (127) (143) (143) (144)

Mexico
47.98 47.57 53.29 54.55 53.22

(129) (139) (160) (158) (151)

Singapore
47.88 44.23 44.8 44.77 48.59

(130) (114) (101) (099) (110)

Ethiopia
47.70 50.53 66.37 67.18 64.89

(131) (136) (156) (155) (155)

Rwanda
46.58 45.18 49.34 49.66 47.57

(132) (147) (138) (136) (134)

Philippines
46.21 41.84 54.36 56.46 56.09

(133) (132) (125) (125) (125)

Uganda
46.08 46.35 58.81 59.05 60.58

(134) (122) (155) (157) (158)

Kazakhstan
45.87 48.28 49.72 45.89 47.18

(135) (146) (127) (127) (126)

Sri Lanka
45.85 42.13 57.8 58.06 60.39

(136) (134) (146) (146) (141)

Algeria
45.74 45.53 52.74 54.48 54.25

(137) (133) (157) (156) (160)

Uzbekistan
45.73 46.35 49.26 46.93 46.48

(138) (118) (135) (134) (131)

Cameroon
45.58 49.1 56.22 56.72 56.68

(139) (145) (134) (130) (129)

Colombia
45.32 42.43 56.26 57.34 57.18

(140) (148) (080) (080) (073)

Hong Kong
44.86 41.64 69.56 69.99 70.35

(141) (140) (161) (163) (164)

Somalia
44.24 44.01 44.53 44.55 42.76

(142) (144) (154) (152) (152)

Brunei
44.20 42.53 50.09 50.35 48.52

(143) (123) (124) (124) (118)

Tanzania
44.02 48.28 59.31 59.75 63.72

(144) (135) (136) (133) (135)

Morocco
43.69 45.42 56.06 57.12 56.02

(145) (138) (131) (131) (133)

United Arab Emirates
42.99 44.46 56.87 57.31 56.37

(146) (120) (129) (128) (130)

Jordan
42.79 48.66 57.11 57.92 56.89

(147) (142) (144) (144) (143)

Cambodia
42.02 43.48 53.16 54.54 54.10

(148) (151) (159) (159) (175)

Sudan
40.83 40.96 47.07 44.67 27.55

(149) (143) (165) (164) (162)

Libya
40.22 43.16 44.27 44.23 44.23

(150) (157) (145) (145) (142)

Pakistan
39.95 37.99 53.14 54.48 54.17

(151) (154) (167) (168) (166)

Azerbaijan
39.93 39.4 41.23 41.52 40.87

(152) (156) (122) (122) (121)

Afghanistan
39.75 38.27 59.81 62.30 63.45

(153) (152) (162) (161) (161)

Tajikistan
39.06 40.26 44.48 44.66 45.98

(154) (158) (105) (109) (108)

Kuwait
38.84 37.87 65.64 65.70 66.14

(155) (163) (133) (135) (132)

Oman
37.87 35.99 56.63 56.58 56.58

(156) (170) (132) (137) (137)

Palestine
37.86 28.98 56.82 55.91 55.32

(157) (153) (158) (153) (153)

Belarus
37.17 39.62 49.18 50.25 48.34

(158) (160) (121) (117) (114)

Nicaragua
37.09 37.09 60.02 64.19 64.47

(159) (159) (148) (147) (148)

Venezuela
36.99 37.78 52.4 54.34 50.90

(160) (161) (172) (172) (171)

Laos
36.66 36.64 29.44 35.72 35.51

(161) (150) (142) (142) (140)

India
36.62 41 53.44 54.67 54.33

(162) (164) (176) (176) (173)

Djibouti
35.87 35.75 21.38 23.27 28.64

(163) (162) (152) (151) (150)

Bangladesh
35.31 36.63 50.29 50.63 49.26

(164) (155) (150) (149) (149)

Russia
34.77 38.82 51.29 51.08 49.69

(165) (149) (153) (154) (157)

Turkey
33.97 41.25 50.21 49.98 47.19

(166) (168) (166) (166) (163)

Egypt
33.37 30.23 43.83 43.18 43.53

(167) (172) (163) (162) (156)

Iraq
32.94 28.59 44.43 44.63 47.40

(168) (169) (169) (167) (168)

Yemen
32.78 29.14 37.65 41.75 38.34

(169) (165) (151) (148) (146)

Honduras
32.65 34.61 50.65 51.80 51.47

(170) (166) (170) (170) (172)

Saudi Arabia
32.43 33.71 37.27 37.86 34.12

(171) (167) (168) (169) (167)

Bahrain
30.59 30.97 38.9 39.87 38.69

(172) (173) (171) (171) (169)

Cuba
29.00 27.32 36.06 36.19 36.19

(173) (176) (140) (139) (138)

Myanmar
28.26 25.03 53.86 55.23 55.08

(174) (179) (180) (178) (178)

Eritrea
27.86 19.62 18.55 16.50 19.74

(175) (171) (173) (174) (174)

Syria
27.22 28.94 29.37 27.43 28.22

(176) (177) (178) (179) (180)

Turkmenistan
25.82 25.01 19.97 14.56 14.56

(177) (178) (174) (173) (170)

Iran
24.81 23.22 27.3 35.19 35.59

(178) (174) (175) (175) (176)

Vietnam
24.58 26.11 21.54 25.29 25.07

(179) (175) (177) (177) (177)

China
22.97 25.17 21.28 21.52 21.08

(180) (180) (179) (180) (179)

North Korea
21.72 13.92 18.72 14.18 16.60

See also [ edit ]

Censorship by country
Chapultepec Index
Internet censorship and surveillance by country
List of freedom indices

References [ edit ]

1. ^ "2023 World Press Freedom Index" . Reporters Without Borders. 2023. Archived from the original on 7 May
2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
2. ^ a b How the index was compiled Archived 19 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Reporters Without
Borders, 2013
3. ^ 2022 World Press Freedom Index, Methodology Archived 7 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine Reporters
Without Borders, 2022
4. ^ Reporters Without Borders (2022). "2022 World Press Freedom Index, Methodology" . RSF.org. Archived from
the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
5. ^ "Methodology used for compiling the World Press Freedom Index 2023 | RSF" . rsf.org. Archived from the
original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
6. ^ "Index 2023 – Global score" . Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023.
Retrieved 3 May 2023.
7. ^ "Index 2022 – Global score" . Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022.
Retrieved 8 December 2022.
8. ^ "Index 2021 – Global score" . Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022.
Retrieved 8 December 2022.
9. ^ "Index 2020 – Global score" . Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022.
Retrieved 16 August 2022.
10. ^ "Index 2019 – Global score" . Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022.
Retrieved 16 August 2022.

External links [ edit ]

Full list of rankings from the Press Freedom Index

About the World Press Freedom Index

V·T·E Lists of countries by political rankings [hide]

Freedom in the World · Press (Freedom of the Press · World Press Freedom Index) · Economic
Freedom
(Economic Freedom of the World · Global Enabling Trade Report · Index of Economic Freedom)
Corruption Bribe Payers Index · Corruption Perceptions Index · Global Corruption Barometer

Competitiveness Composite Index of National Capability

Flag adoption date · Formation date · Largest empires · Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500
History
· 1500–1899 · 1900–1999 · 2000–present)
Global Gender Gap Report · LGBT rights by country or territory · Privacy International ·
Rights World Justice Project Rule of Law Index · Censorship by country · Freedom of speech by country ·
Internet censorship and surveillance by country
Democracy indices (V-Dem Democracy Indices · The Economist Democracy Index ·
Democracy Bertelsmann Transformation Index) · Aspects (Presidentialism metric · Gallagher index ·
Effective number of parties · Direct democracy index)
Central bank independence indices · Commitment to Development Index ·
Consultation on rule-making · Ease of doing business index · Environmental Performance Index ·
Fragile States Index · Global Innovation Index · Global Liveability Ranking · Global Peace Index ·
Other
Global Slavery Index · Global Terrorism Index · Good Country Index · Human Development Index ·
Judicial independence metric · Incarceration rate · Legatum Prosperity Index · OECD Better Life Index
· Political terror scale · Satisfaction with Life Index

List of international rankings · Lists by country

Categories: International rankings Freedom of the press by country Freedom of the press
Journalism lists

This page was last edited on 21 January 2024, at 21:22 (UTC).

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