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SC_lecture12.02

The document discusses the design and components of fuzzy systems, focusing on the inference mechanism derived from fuzzy rules. It explains the process of drawing inferences using examples and various calculation methods, including Zadeh's max-min rule and others. The document also outlines different interpretations of fuzzy rules, emphasizing the relationship between antecedents and consequents in fuzzy logic.

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krishn05082002
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20 views3 pages

SC_lecture12.02

The document discusses the design and components of fuzzy systems, focusing on the inference mechanism derived from fuzzy rules. It explains the process of drawing inferences using examples and various calculation methods, including Zadeh's max-min rule and others. The document also outlines different interpretations of fuzzy rules, emphasizing the relationship between antecedents and consequents in fuzzy logic.

Uploaded by

krishn05082002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Now that we have a fair understanding of the design of a fuzzy system and its components, we

can easily visualize several real life applications as fuzzy systems. For example, such as design
of AC controller given the temperature conditions of the room and user’s comfort level,
identifying cluster centroids such that energy conservation is maximized in a wireless sensor
network, etc.

In all of these fuzzy systems, we are aware of the four main components a) crisp input, b)
fuzzifer, c) inference mechanism which takes input from fuzzy rule base and fuzzifier, d)
defuzzifier : output of inference mechanism to produce crisp output. Although we have
discussed fuzzification and defuzzification (several mechanisms in detail), today we will focus
more on the inference mechanism given the rule base.In our previous classes, while creating
each of these fuzzy systems, you generated your own fuzzy rule based on logic and intuition.

Today, we will iterate that given those fuzzy rules, how can we draw inferences/implications
through if then rule. You have already covered the basics, such as, if x is A then y is B.. this
refers to A and B to be linguistic variables defined on fuzzy sets X and Y. So, (x is A) is
precedent and (y is B) is antecedent.

If temperature is high, then pressure is low


If mango is orange, then it is sweet

This is a fuzzy implication and there are multiple ways of calculation, one of the basic
mechanisms to calculate is through cartesian product. The previous example

if temperature is high, then pressure is low

would be inferred as :

T High = {(20,0.2), (25,0.4), (30,0.6), (35, 0.6), (40, 0.7), (45, 0.8), (50, 0.8)}
P low = {(1,0.8), (2,0.8), (3,0.6),(4, 0.4)}

R : T High —-> P low

R can be calculated as Cartesian product of T High and P low such that any element of R is the
minimum of he corresponding membership values, for example R (20,1) = 0.2

Subsequently, you have studied different other mechanisms for relation calculation or inference
identification, such as, minimum (Mamdani Rule), algebraic product (Larsen Rule), bounded
product, drastic product. Additionally, you have also learnt max-min composition. Just to iterate,
all these methods are applicable for inference identification given a fuzzy rule.
There are basically two different forms of interpretations given any rule

i) A entails B : meaning whenever A is true, B has to be true


ii) A coupled with B : meaning A and B exists together which implies there is some
connection/correlation between two.

Among these interpretations, you have already covered A coupled with B through different
approaches, such as, minimum (Mamdani Rule), algebraic product (Larsen Rule), bounded
product, drastic product. Today, we will focus more on A entails B

A entails B

i) Material Implication
R : A —-> B = A’ U B
Here, A’ is complement of A
U is union

ii) Propositional Calculus


R : A —-> B = A’ U (A ⋂ B )
Here, A’ is complement of A
U is union, ⋂ is intersect

iii) Extended Propositional Calculus


​ R : A —-> B = (A’ ⋂ B’ ) U B

Here, A’ is complement of A, B’ is complement of B


U is union, ⋂ is intersect

Example : Please calculate R : T High —-> P low

a)​ Material Implication b) Propositional Calculus c) Extended Propositional Calculus

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are some specific Fuzzy Implication functions which are popularly followed in fuzzy rule
based systems, we will discuss only the most popular one for now :

1)​ Zadeh’s max min Rule :

If x is A then y is B
with the implication of Zadeh’s max-min rule can be written equivalently as :

Rmm = (A × B) ∪ (A’× Y)

Here, just to clarify, Y is the entire universe of discourse, so Y is a matrix where 𝛍 y (Y) = 1 for all
y

So, given

X={a,b,c,d}, Y={1,2,3,4}
A={(a,0.0), (b, 0.8), (c, 0.6), (d, 1.0)}
B= {(1, 0.2), (2, 1.0), (3, 0.8), (4, 0.0)}

Find Rmm

Food for thought : Is Zadeh’s max min rule same as any of the other rules you just studied ?

Given this, you have now fair idea about different inference mechanisms and given any
particular rule from the fuzzy rule base and specified the type of inference you have to follow,
you can calculate the corresponding R.

—-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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