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Grade 6 Computer Science

Scratch is a visual programming language that allows users to create games and animations using blocks instead of traditional coding. The document outlines various types of Scratch blocks, including Hat, Cap, Stack, Reporter, Boolean, Conditional, and Looping blocks, each serving different functions in programming. It also discusses the Scratch interface, including Sprites and the Stage, and provides exercises and lab work to reinforce learning.

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41 views

Grade 6 Computer Science

Scratch is a visual programming language that allows users to create games and animations using blocks instead of traditional coding. The document outlines various types of Scratch blocks, including Hat, Cap, Stack, Reporter, Boolean, Conditional, and Looping blocks, each serving different functions in programming. It also discusses the Scratch interface, including Sprites and the Stage, and provides exercises and lab work to reinforce learning.

Uploaded by

StORiEs UnFold
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 6 Computer Science –

Chapter Notes: More About Scratch


What is Scratch?
• Scratch is a visual programming language that helps you create games,
animations, stories, and projects without typing long code.
• Instead of writing code, you use blocks that you snap together like puzzle pieces.
• Scratch is very popular among students and beginners around the world.
• It’s available in many languages, and projects are saved as files on your computer or
online account.

Types of Scratch Blocks (Based on Shape and Function)


1. Hat Blocks
• Shape: Rounded at the top, flat at the bottom.
• Purpose: These blocks start a script.
• No block can be placed above a Hat block.
• Example:
o when green flag clicked (Events)
o when this sprite clicked
Use: Think of Hat blocks as the beginning of a story or the “start button” for your
code.

2. Cap Blocks
• Shape: Flat at the bottom, no connection below.
• Purpose: These blocks are used to end a script or an action.
• Nothing can come after these blocks in the same sequence.
• Examples:
o stop all
o delete this clone
Use: Like the "The End" of your script.

3. Stack Blocks
• Shape: Flat on top and bump at the bottom to stack other blocks.
• Purpose: These blocks perform actions like moving, waiting, saying something,
changing size, etc.
• Examples:
o move 10 steps
o say "Hello!" for 2 seconds
o wait 1 seconds
Use: These are the action blocks in your program. You can stack many of them together!

4. Reporter Blocks
• Shape: Rounded like an oval or a capsule.
• Purpose: These blocks report a value (like a number or text).
• They fit inside other blocks where a value is needed.
• Examples:
o x position
o loudness
o length of [list]
Use: Think of them as answer blocks that give information.

5. Boolean Blocks
• Shape: Hexagonal (six-sided)
• Purpose: These blocks report True or False.
• Often used in conditions, like in “if” or “repeat until” blocks.
• Examples:
o touching mouse-pointer?
o key space pressed?
o loudness > 50
Use: Use these when you want to make decisions in your project.

6. Conditional Blocks
• Purpose: These blocks allow you to make decisions.
• You can run a set of blocks only if a certain condition is true.
• Some also have an “else” part to run when the condition is false.
• Examples:
o if [condition] then
o if [condition] then else
Use: Helps your Sprite choose what to do based on a situation.

7. Looping Blocks
• Purpose: Used to repeat actions several times or forever.
• Examples:
o repeat [10]
o forever
o repeat until [condition]
Use: Saves time by running the same code again and again.

Block Categories in Scratch


Each type of block belongs to a category and is color-coded.
Color Purpose Examples
Category
Motion Blue Moves Sprite move [ ] steps, turn [ ] degrees
Looks Purple Changes appearance say [ ], change size by [ ]
Sound Pink Plays sounds or play sound [meow] until done
music
Events Yellow Starts scripts when green flag clicked
Control Orange Controls script flow wait [ ] secs, repeat, if-then
Sensing Light Blue Detects inputs touching [ ]?, mouse x
Operators Green Math and logic +, -, <, =, and, or
Variables Dark Stores data set score to [0], change score
Orange by [1]
My Blocks Red Custom blocks define jump

Sprites and Stage


The Stage:
• The background where your project plays.
• You can change the backdrop by:
o Choosing one from the Backdrop Library
o Painting your own
o Uploading an image from your computer
o Taking a photo using your camera

Sprites:
• Characters or objects in your project.
• Each Sprite can:
o Move
o Speak
o Change costumes
o Interact with others
• You can change a Sprite’s costume by:
o Choosing from the library
o Drawing your own
o Uploading a picture
o Taking a photo using your webcam
Use the Looks blocks to:
• Change costumes
• Make Sprites speak
• Show/hide Sprites
• Add visual effects

🛠 Using Scratch Blocks Together


Here’s how to create a small program:
when green flag clicked
say "Hello!" for 2 seconds
move 10 steps
turn 15 degrees
This program makes the Sprite say “Hello!” and then move and turn.

"YOU ARE HERE" – Key Learnings:


• Combine move and turn blocks to make Sprites dance.
• Use say [ ] to show messages.
• Sprites can change costumes and appear to change clothes or shape.
• Backdrops help make projects look interesting.
• Use Conditional and Looping blocks to control what the Sprite does and how often it
happens.

EXERCISES
A. Fill in the blanks:
1. The Turn block is used to rotate the Sprite.
2. A Reporter block reports a value.
3. Control blocks are golden in colour and used to manage scripts.
4. A project is a file that contains blocks called scripts.
5. Any label with repeat or forever is a Looping block.
B. True or False:
1. The Backdrop of a project can be changed. – True
2. wait 1 secs makes the Sprite fly. – False
3. All movement blocks are in the Motion category. – True

C. Label the Scratch Interface


(Students label areas like Stage, Sprites Pane, Script Area, Blocks Palette, etc. using an
image in the book)

D. Answer in short:
1. Ways to change the Backdrop?
• Library
• Paint
• Upload
• Camera
2. Difference between Hat and Cap blocks?
• Hat: Starts a script, rounded top.
• Cap: Ends a script, flat bottom.
3. Two Control blocks:
• wait [ ] secs: Pauses the script.
• repeat [ ]: Repeats blocks a certain number of times.
4. Ways to change a Sprite’s costume:
• Library
• Paint
• Upload
• Camera
5. Explain Repeat block:
• The Repeat block repeats the blocks inside it for the number of times you choose.

LAB WORK
A. Create a dialogue between two Sprites
• Use say [ ] for [ ] secs blocks.
• Add wait [ ] secs to make the timing look natural.
• Use when green flag clicked to start the conversation.
Example:
when green flag clicked
Sprite1: say "Hi there!" for 2 secs
wait 2 secs
Sprite2: say "Hello! How are you?" for 2 secs

B. Change the Backdrop


1. Click on the Stage area.
2. Go to the Backdrops tab.
3. Choose a new backdrop using:
o Library
o Paint
o Upload
o Camera

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