SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET

PERCENTS, FRACTIONS, AND DECIMALS

Percent Increase Percent Decrease Percent to Fraction/Decimal

new value – original value original value – new value Percentage
× 100 × 100
original value original value 100

Fraction to Decimal Fraction to Percent Decimal to Fraction Decimal to Percent

numerator numerator decimal 10
n n is the number
decimal × 100
× 100 × of places behind
denominator denominator 1 10
n
the decimal point

RATIOS AND PROPORTIONS

Calculating
Proportions
Ratios
6 12
Part to part Part to whole =
2 ?
2:1 1:2 2:3 1:3

6
= 12
2/1 1/2 2/3 1/3
2 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 3 1 to 3
2 x
Proportions 24 6x
÷6
3:4 = 6:8 4=x
3:4 :: 6:8
6 12
=
3 is to 4 as 6 is to 8 2 4

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

METRIC CONVERSIONS
kilo hecto deca base deci centi milli
Metric units are multiples of 10s.
To convert to a larger unit, divide
numbers by base of 10s. To convert 1,000.0 100.0 10.0 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001
to a smaller unit, multiply numbers (10 )3
(10 )
2
(10 )
1
(10 )
0
(10 )
-1
(10 )-2
(10-3)
by base of 10s.
larger units smaller units
 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET

METRIC UNITS OF DISTANCE METRIC UNITS OF VOLUME

1 kilometer (km) = 1,000 meters (m) 1 liter (L) = 1,000 milliliters (mL)
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cubic centimeter (cm³)
1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters (mm)

TIME CONVERSIONS METRIC UNITS OF MASS

1 minute = 60 seconds 1 kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams (g)
1 hour = 60 minutes 1 gram (g) = 1,000 milligrams (mg)
1 day = 24 hours
1 week = 7 days
1 year ≈ 52 weeks Convert 12 kilometers to centimeters
1 year = 365 days 1000 m 100 cm
(366 in leap year) 12 kilometers × × = 1,200,000 cm
1 km 1m

STATISTICS

Mean Range (Spread) Median

Mode
sum of all items Distance between Middle item when ordered
Most/common item
total number of items smallest and largest item from least to greatest

Range
Range Mode Range
Median
Mode Mean Mode
Median Median

Mean Mean

Left Skew Normal Distribution Right Skew

(Negative) (Positive)

Greater spread equals greater deviation.

Margin of Error
sample statistic ± margin of error with
confidence level of XX%

Set A Set B
 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET
SLOPE AND LINEAR EQUATIONS

(dependent y Slope
variable) affects
y2 - y1 rise
=
undefined slope
x2 - x1 run

Slope Intercept Form Distance Formula

pe
slo
ive
y = mx + b d = (x2−x1)2 + (y2−y1)2
sit ne (independent
po ga
x
m = slope
tiv variable) b = y-intercept
es
lop
e
Point-Slope Form Midpoint Formula
slope of zero y - y1 = m(x - x1) x1 + x2 y1 + y2
,
m = slope 2 2
(x1 , y1 ) = point coordinates

y y
4 4
3 3
Undefined Slope 2 Positive Slope 2
1 1
-3 - 2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x 2-0 2 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
m= = m= = x
3-3 0 0 - (-2) 2
-1 -1
m = undefined -2 m=1 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4

y y
4 4
3 3
Negative Slope 2 Slope of Zero 2
1 1
-2 - 3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -2 - (-2) 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
m= = x m= = x
3 - (-2) 5 -3 - 2 -5
-1 -1
m = -1 -2 m=0 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET
GRAPHING LINEAR EQUATIONS

Greater Than Greater Than or Equal To Less Than Less Than or Equal To

> ≥ ≤
>
y y y y

x x x

y > 2x + 2 y ≥ 2x + 2 y < 2x + 2 y ≤ 2x + 2

SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

One Solution No Solutions Infinitely Many Solutions

y = -x + 1 y = -x + 1 y = -x + 1
y=x+5 y = -x - 2 3y = -3x + 3
y y y
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3
-4 -4 -4

Consistent Independent Inconsistent Consistent Dependent

 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET

CHARTS

Line Graph Shows trends in data Histogram Shows distrubtion of

data c ollected over time
collected over time
8
4.5
7
10 4.1
6
9 4.0
5
8 4.9 5.0
4
Score

7 4.6 5.1
3
6 4.3 5.6
2
5 4.8 5.9 6.2
1
4 4.7 5.8 6.2
1 2 3 4
4 5 6 7
Year

Scatter Plot
Shows relationship Box Plot Shows statistical
between two variables distribution

1000

800 Median
Lower quartile Upper quartile
600 Minimum value Maximum value

400

200
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Bar Chart Shows categorically Pie Chart Shows proportional

compared data parts o
 f data collected
12

10 Blue
Number of responses

12%

8 Red
29%

6
Yellow
4 38%

2
Purple Green
19% 9%
0
e
pl d
w

en

r Re
ue
lo

Pu
re
l

Bl
Ye

Color
 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET

AREA

Square Rectangle Parallelogram Triangle Trapezoid

b1
l w h h h

l b b b2
2 1 1
A=l A = lw A = bh A= bh A= 2
(b1 + b2)h
2

Rhombus Circle Ellipse

d1 Perimeter
b The sum of all sides of a shape
r a
d2 Circumference
The distance around a circle (C=2πr)

A = 12 (d1 × d2) A = πr2 A = πab

VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA

Cube Rectangular Prism Triangular Prism Cylinder Cone

r
h
s h h h
w r
l
l b
2
V= b h l V = πr h
× × 2
V = s3 V=l×w×h V = πr h
2 3

SA = 6s2 SA = 2(lw+lh+hw) SA = lsa + 2 (area of base) SA = 2πr(r + h) SA = πrs + πr2

Rectangular Pyramid Sphere

r
h d LSA (Lateral Surface Area)
The sides of a three-dimensional shape, excluding any
w bases
l
Base
V= l w h V = 4 πr
× × 3
The face of a shape perpendicular to the direction
3 3 height is measured

SA = lsa + area of base SA = 4πr2

 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET
ANGLES An angle is formed when two lines or
A
line segments meet at a point
a
A vertex is the point at which two

ng
B

le
segments or rays meet to form an angle.
vertex

Complementary Supplementary Adjacent Vertical

Two angles whose sum Two angles whose sum Two angles that have Angles that are not adjacent
is exactly 90° is exactly 180° the same vertex and due to sharing a vertex and
share a side have no common side

TRIANGLES The sum of the interior angles of any triangle

is always 180 degrees.
b
b
b
x z x
z z x

a c a c a c
y y y
Scalene Triangle Isosceles Triangle Equilateral Triangle
No equal side lengths or Two equal side lengths and Three equal side lengths
angles angles and angles

Special Right Triangles Pythagorean Theorem

45° 30° c2 = a2 + b2
x√2
x x√3 2x a = √ c2 - b2

60° b = √ c2 - a2
45°

45-45-90 30-60-90
x x
c = √ a2 + b2
c e

po te
n us
leg a
3 5 5 13 hy

90°
leg

3-4-5 5-12-13
4 12
b
 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET
TRIGONOMETRY

SOHCAHTOA CHOSHACAO

opposite hypotenuse
SOH sin(θ)= CHO csc(θ)=
hypotenuse opposite

adjacent hypotenuse
CAH cos(θ) = SHA sec(θ) =
hypotenuse adjacent

opposite adjacent
TOA tan(θ) = CAO cot(θ) =
adjacent opposite

CIRCLES
Equations
A full circle equals 360 Area = πr2
Circumference = 2πr
r
degrees or 2π radians (h,k)
Circle Equation = (x-h)2+(y-k)2 = r2

Measuring θ in degrees
Degrees to Radians Conversion
θ area of sector = θ × πr2
r 360°
( )
180°
π
Measuring θ in radians
Degrees = × Radians
area of sector = 1 2
2×r θ

Radians to Degrees Conversion arc length Measuring θ in degrees

π
arc length =
θ × 2πr

( )
360°
Radians = × Degrees Measuring θ in radians
180° θ r
arc length = θr
center
 SAT® MATH CRAM SHEET

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