Shri Saibaba College, Shirdi

FYBSc(Computer Science) Electronics

ELC 242- Wireless Communication and Internet of Things

SPPU Examinations APR/ MAY-2023

Model Answer

Q. Sub Marking
Answer
No. Q.N. Scheme
Q1 1 Mark
Solve any five of the following
Each
a) What is handoff?
Answer:-
When a mobile is moving from one cell to another cell, the control needs to be
transferred from old base station to base station of new cell. This is accomplished by
handoff technique.
Definition: - 1M
When the subscriber is moving between cells, during a journey, the communication
with the base station of the departing cell ceases and communication with the base
station of the entering cells commences. Thus, simply, it is the ability to transfer
mobile control from one base station to another base station.

b) What do you mean by scalability of IoT?

Answer:-
Scalability is the measure of a system's ability to increase or decrease in
performance and cost in response to changes in application and system processing
demands.

Scalability is key factor for handling the rapid growth in the Internet of Things 1M
(IoT).

This means that, IoT applications must have the ability to support an increasing
number of connected devices, users, application features and analytics capabilities,
without any degradation in the quality of service.

c) State at least two applications IoT

Answer:-
1
1) Manufacturing and Logistic 2
2) Smart Transportation formula
3) Environmental Monitoring
4) Home Automation 1
2
5) Health Monitoring Answer
6) Smart City
7) Smart Agriculture
8) Wearable gadgets
d) What does GPS stand for?
Answer:-
1𝑀
GPS - Global Positioning Satellite/System
 e) What is full form of
Answer:- 1
i) Iaas – Infrastructure as a service 2 each
ii) Saas – Software as a service
f) List four elements of RFID system.
Answer: -
1) RFID Tag 1
2) RFID Reader 2 each
3) Communication Network
4) Workstation

Q2 A) Attempt the followings 2 x 5= 10

a) Explain GPS architecture with neat labelled diagram.
Answer: -

1M
Diagram

2M
Expln.
 Location Tracking:-
For accurate location tracking at least three satellites are required as shown in
following diagram.

b) Compare between Zigbee and Bluetooth technologies.

Answer: -

1M
For each
point

Q3 A) Attempt any two of the followings 2 x 5= 10

a) Draw block diagram of mobile handset and describe function of any two blocks.
Answer: -

Diagram

Expl.
b) Draw diagram of ZigBee architecture and state functions of each layer.
Answer: -
 ZigBee protocol architecture is of five layers viz. physical layer, MAC layer,
network layer, application support sublayer and application layer.
 Out of these it's physical and MAC layers ate same as that of IEEE 802.15.4,
It has its own other three layers.
i) Physical layer:
 This layer does modulation and demodulation operations upon
transmitting and receiving signals respectively.
 This layer defines the physical structure and connectivity.

ii) MAC layer:

 This layer is responsible for reliable transmission of data by accessing
different networks with the carrier sense multiple access collision
avoidances (CSMA-CA).
 This also transmits the beacon frames for synchronizing communication.
 This layer is responsible for interface between physical and network
layers.

iii) Network layer:

 This layer takes care of all network-related operations such as network
setup, end device connections and disconnections to network, routing,
device configurations, etc.

iv) Application support sub-layer:

 This layer enables the services necessary for ZigBee device objects and
application objects to interface with the network layers for data
managing services.
 This layer is responsible for matching two devices according to their
services and needs.

v) Application framework:
 It provides two types of data services as key-value pair and generic
message services.
 The generic message is a developer-defined structure, whereas the key-
value pair is used for getting attributes within the application objects.
 ZigBee Device Object provides an interface between application objects
and the APS layer in ZigBee devices. It is responsible for detecting,
initiating, and binding other devices to the network.
Q4 A) Attempt any two of the followings 2 x 5= 10
a) Compare M2M and IoT.
Answer: -

1M
Each

M2M is less scalable IoT is more scalable

Internet connection is not Internet connection is
necessary necessary

b) 11 2
Draw block diagram and explain concept of smart city system using IoT.
Answer :- Diagram
Smart cities use Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as connected sensors, lights and
meters to collect and analyse data.

The cities then use this data to improve infrastructure, public utilities and services and
more.

IoT based smart cities maintains road traffic, smart parking, public transport, utilities like
waste management, lighting system, environment controls, public safety, emergency
announcements in city etc.

The concept of smart city is shown in following block diagram.

 11 2
Expln.

Smart city domains:-

1) Smart lighting: Smart lighting allows lighting to be dynamically controlled

and adaptive to the ambient conditions. Smart lights are connected to the
internet. They are controlled remotely to configure lighting schedules and
lighting intensity. These are set considering foggy days, cloudy days,
festival days etc. Such type of smart lighting systems for roads, parks and
buildings saves lot of electricity.

2) Smart lighting: Smart lighting allows lighting to be dynamically controlled

and adaptive to the ambient conditions. Smart lights are connected to the
internet. They are controlled remotely to configure lighting schedules and
lighting intensity. These are set considering foggy days, cloudy days,
festival days etc. Such type of smart lighting systems for roads, parks and
buildings saves lot of electricity.

3) Structural health monitoring: Structural health monitoring systems use a

network of sensors to monitor the vibration levels in the structures such as
bridges, dams, buildings, towers etc. The data collected from these sensors is
analysed to assess the health of the structures. It can detect cracks,
mechanical breakdowns, damages to a structure and estimated life span of
structure. In case of intimation of structure failure, advance warnings can be
 given and corrective action in this regard can save structure from damaging
as well as can avoid disaster situation.

4) Smart parking: Finding a parking space during rush hours in crowded cities
is critical and time consuming. Smart parking makes the search for parking
spaces easier and convenient for drivers. loT based smart parking system
detects the number and location of empty parking slots and sends the
information over the internet. The smart parking applications can be
accessed by the drivers from smart phones, tablets and in-car navigation
systems.

5) Surveillance: Surveillance of infrastructure, public transport and events in

cities is required to ensure safety and security. IoT based surveillance
infrastructure system capture videos using camera for further analysis.

6) Emergency response: IoT systems can be used for monitoring the critical
infrastructure in cities such as buildings, gas and water pipelines, public
transport and power sub stations. IoT systems for fire detection, gas and
water leakage detection helps in generating alerts and minimizing their
effects on the critical infrastructure.

Q5 4 x 2.5 =
Write a short note on any four of the following
10
a) 1M
VLR block of NSS of GSM system. Diagram
Answer:-

Visitor Location Register (VLR):

 VLR is a database which contains information about subscribers which are
currently present in MSC’s service area.
 It stores Identification numbers of the subscribers Security information for
authentication of the SIM card and for ciphering.
 Details of the services that the subscriber can use.
 Generally it stores temporary data of the user.
11 2 M
Expln.

b) Private cloud.
Answer:-
c) Mesh topology in ZigBee network.
Answer: -
d) Features of Z-wave.
Answer:-

e) Secure connectivity in IoT.

Answer: -
Secure connectivity:
 Not only secure digital software data, but physical connectivity should be
secured such that, no one can tamper or hack the system.
 There is no standard platform and common architecture available for IoT
applications. Because of lack of open collaborative platform for all the
manufacturers, devices face problem of connectivity.
 IoT implementations are taking place in fragments.
 There are millions of connected devices and billions of sensors and their
number is continuously increasing. All of them need secure and reliable
connectivity.
f) 4G-LTE
Answer: -

1M
Each