Module 2: Basic Switch and End

Device Configuration

Introductions to Networks v7.0

(ITN)
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Module Objectives

Module Title: Basic Switch and End Device Configuration

Module Objective: Implement initial settings including passwords, IP addressing, and default gateway
parameters on a network switch and end devices.

Topic Title Topic Objective

Explain how to access a Cisco IOS device for configuration

Cisco IOS Access
purposes.
Explain how to navigate Cisco IOS to configure network
IOS Navigation
devices.

The Command Structure Describe the command structure of Cisco IOS software.

Basic Device Configuration Configure a Cisco IOS device using CLI.

Save Configurations Use IOS commands to save the running configuration.

Ports and Addresses Explain how devices communicate across network media.

Configure IP Addressing Configure a host device with an IP address.

Verify Connectivity Verify connectivity between two end devices.
2.1 Cisco IOS Access

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Cisco IOS Access

Operating Systems

• Shell - The user interface that allows

users to request specific tasks from
the computer. These requests can be
made either through the CLI or GUI
interfaces.
• Kernel - Communicates between the
hardware and software of a computer
and manages how hardware
resources are used to meet software
requirements.
• Hardware - The physical part of a
computer including underlying
electronics.
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Cisco IOS Access

GUI
• A GUI allows the user to interact with the
system using an environment of graphical
icons, menus, and windows.

• A GUI is more user-friendly and requires

less knowledge of the underlying command
structure that controls the system.

• Examples of these are: Windows, macOS,

Linux KDE, Apple iOS and Android.

• GUIs can fail, crash, or simply not operate

as specified. For these reasons, network
devices are typically accessed through a
CLI.
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Cisco IOS Access

Purpose of an OS

PC operating system enables a user to do the CLI-based network operating system enables a
following: network technician to do the following:
• Use a mouse to make • Use a keyboard to run CLI-based
selections and run programs
network programs
• Enter text and text-based
commands • Use a keyboard to enter text and
• View output on a monitor text-based commands
• View output on a monitor
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Cisco IOS Access
Access Methods

• Console – A physical management port

used to access a device in order to provide
maintenance, such as performing the initial
configurations.

• Secure Shell (SSH) – Establishes a secure

remote CLI connection to a device, through
a virtual interface, over a network. (Note:
This is the recommended method for
remotely connecting to a device.)

• Telnet – Establishes an insecure remote

CLI connection to a device over the
network. (Note: User authentication,
passwords and commands are sent over the
network in plaintext.)
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Cisco IOS Access

Terminal Emulation Programs

• Terminal emulation programs are used to connect to a network device by either a console
port or by an SSH/Telnet connection.
• There are several terminal emulation programs to chose from such as PuTTY, Tera Term
and SecureCRT.
2.2 IOS Navigation

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IOS Navigation
Primary Command Modes
User EXEC Mode:
• Allows access to only a
limited number of basic
monitoring commands
• Identified by the CLI
prompt that ends with the >
symbol

Privileged EXEC Mode:

• Allows access to all
commands and features
• Identified by the CLI
prompt that ends with the
# symbol
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IOS Navigation
Configuration Mode and Subconfiguration Modes

Global Configuration Mode:

• Used to access
configuration options
on the device

Line Configuration Mode:

• Used to configure
console, SSH, Telnet
or AUX access

Interface Configuration Mode:

• Used to configure a
switch port or router
interface
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▪ Privileged EXEC Mode:

• To move from user EXEC mode to
privilege EXEC mode, use the enabled
command.
▪ Global Configuration Mode:
• To move in and out of global
configuration mode, use the configure
terminal command. To return to
privilege EXEC mode, use the exit
command.
▪ Line Configuration Mode:
• To move in and out of line configuration
mode, use the line command followed
by the management line type. To return
to global configuration mode, use the
exit command.
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IOS Navigation
Navigation Between IOS Modes (Cont.)
Subconfiguration Modes:
• To move out of any subconfiguration
mode to get back to global
configuration mode, use the exit
command. To return to privilege EXEC
mode, use the end command or key
combination Ctrl +Z.

• To move directly from one

subconfiguration mode to another,
type in the desired subconfiguration
mode command. In the example, the
command prompt changes from
(config-line)# to (config-if)#.
2.3 The Command Structure

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The Command Structure

Basic IOS Command Structure

• Keyword – This is a specific parameter defined in the operating system (in the
figure, ip protocols).
• Argument - This is not predefined; it is a value or variable defined by the user
(in the figure, 192.168.10.5).
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The Command Structure
IOS Command Syntax Check

A command might require one or more arguments. To determine the keywords

and arguments required for a command, refer to the command syntax.
• Boldface text indicates commands and keywords that are entered as
shown.
• Italic text indicates an argument for which the user provides the value.
Convention Description

boldface Boldface text indicates commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.

italics Italic text indicates arguments for which you supply values.

[x] Square brackets indicate an optional element (keyword or argument).

{x} Braces indicate a required element (keyword or argument).

Braces and vertical lines within square brackets indicate a required choice within an
[x {y | z }]
optional element. Spaces are used to clearly delineate parts of the command.
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The Command Structure
IOS Command Syntax Check (Cont.)
▪ The command syntax provides the pattern, or format, that must be used when
entering a command.
▪ The command is ping and the user-
defined argument is the ip-address of
the destination device. For Structure
The Command
example, ping 10.10.10.5.
IOS Command Syntax Check (Cont.)

▪ The command is traceroute and the

user-defined argument is the ip-
address of the destination device. For
example, traceroute
192.168.254.254.

▪ If a command is complex with multiple arguments, you may see it represented like this:
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The Command Structure

IOS Help Features

The IOS has two forms of help available: context-sensitive help and command
syntax check.

• Context-sensitive help enables you to • Command syntax check verifies that a

quickly find answers to these questions: valid command was entered by the
user.
• Which commands are available in
each command mode? • If the interpreter cannot understand
• Which commands start with specific the command being entered, it will
characters or group of characters? provide feedback describing what is
wrong with the command.
• Which arguments and keywords are
available to particular commands?
The Command Structure
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
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• The IOS CLI provides hot keys and shortcuts that make configuring, monitoring, and
troubleshooting easier.
• Commands and keywords can be shortened to the minimum number of characters that
identify a unique selection. For example, the configure command can be shortened
to conf because configure is the only command that begins with conf.
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The Command Structure

Hot Keys and Shortcuts (Cont.)

▪ The table below is a brief list of keystrokes to enhance command line editing.

Keystroke Description

Tab Completes a partial command name entry.

Backspace Erases the character to the left of the cursor.

Left Arrow or Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.

Right Arrow or Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.

Recalls the commands in the history buffer, beginning with

Up Arrow or Ctrl+P
the most recent commands.
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The Command Structure
Hot Keys and Shortcuts (Cont.)

• When a command output produces

• The table below lists commands that
more text than can be displayed in a
can be used to exit out of an
terminal window, the IOS will display
operation.
a “--More--” prompt. The table below
describes the keystrokes that can be
used when this prompt is displayed.
Keystroke Description Keystroke Description
When in any configuration mode, ends the
Enter Key Displays the next line. Ctrl-C configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC
mode.
When in any configuration mode, ends the
Space Bar Displays the next screen. Ctrl-Z configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC
mode.
Ends the display string, returning to All-purpose break sequence used to abort DNS
Any other key Ctrl-Shift-6
privileged EXEC mode. lookups, traceroutes, pings, etc.

Note: To see more hot keys and shortcuts refer to 2.3.5.

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The Command Structure

Video – Hot Keys and Shortcuts

This video will cover the following:

• Tab key (tab completion)
• Command shortening
• Up and down arrow key
• CTRL + C
• CTRL + Z
• CTRL + Shift + 6
• CTRL + R
2.4 Basic Device Configuration

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Basic Device Configuration
Device Names

• The first configuration command on any device should be to give it a unique

hostname.
• By default, all devices are assigned a factory default name. For example, a
Cisco IOS switch is "Switch.”

• Guideline for naming devices:

• Start with a letter
• Contain no spaces
• End with a letter or digit
Note: To return the switch to the default
• Use only letters, digits, and dashes
prompt, use the no hostname global
• Be less than 64 characters in length config command.
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Basic Device Configuration
Password Guidelines

• The use of weak or easily guessed passwords are a security concern.

• All networking devices should limit administrative access by securing privileged EXEC,
user EXEC, and remote Telnet access with passwords. In addition, all passwords should
be encrypted and legal notifications provided.

• Password Guidelines:
• Use passwords that are more than eight
characters in length.
• Use a combination of upper and lowercase
letters, numbers, special characters, and/or
numeric sequences. Note: Most of the labs in this course use simple
• Avoid using the same password for all devices. passwords such as cisco or class. These passwords
are considered weak and easily guessable and should
• Do not use common words because they are be avoided in production environments.
easily guessed.
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Basic Device Configuration

Configure Passwords

Securing user EXEC mode access:

• First enter line console configuration
mode using the line console 0
command in global configuration
mode.
• Next, specify the user EXEC mode
password using
the password password command.
• Finally, enable user EXEC access
using the login command.

Securing privileged EXEC mode access:

• First enter global configuration mode.
• Next, use the enable secret password command.
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Basic Device Configuration

Configure Passwords (Cont.)

Securing VTY line access:

• First enter line VTY
configuration mode using
the line vty 0 15 command in
global configuration mode.
• Next, specify the VTY
password using
the password password com
mand.
• Finally, enable VTY access
using the login command.

▪ Note: VTY lines enable remote access using Telnet or SSH to the device. Many Cisco
switches support up to 16 VTY lines that are numbered 0 to 15.
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Basic Device Configuration
Encrypt Passwords

▪ The startup-config and running-config files

▪ Use the show running-config
display most passwords in plaintext.
command to verify that the passwords
▪ To encrypt all plaintext passwords, use on the device are now encrypted.
the service password-encryption global
config command.
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Basic Device Configuration
Banner Messages

▪ A banner message is important to

warn unauthorized personnel from
attempting to access the device.
▪ To create a banner message of the
day on a network device, use The banner will be displayed on attempts to
the banner motd # the message of access the device.
the day # global config command.

Note: The “#” in the command syntax is

called the delimiting character. It is
entered before and after the message.
2.5 Save Configurations

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Save Configurations
Configuration Files
▪ There are two system files that store the device configuration:

• startup-config - This is the saved configuration file that is stored in NVRAM. It

contains all the commands that will be used by the device upon startup or
reboot. Flash does not lose its contents when the device is powered off.
• running-config - This is stored in Random Access Memory (RAM). It reflects
the current configuration. Modifying a running configuration affects the operation
of a Cisco device immediately. RAM is volatile memory. It loses all of its content
when the device is powered off or restarted.
• To save changes made to the running configuration to the startup configuration
file, use the copy running-config startup-config privileged EXEC mode
command.
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Save Configurations
Alter the Running Configurations
If changes made to the running config do not
have the desired effect and the running-config
has not yet been saved, you can restore the
device to its previous configuration. To do this
you can:
• Remove the changed commands
individually.
• Reload the device using the reload
command in privilege EXEC mode.
Note: This will cause the device to
briefly go offline, leading to network
downtime.
If the undesired changes were saved to the
startup-config, it may be necessary to clear all
the configurations using the erase startup-
config command in privilege EXEC mode.
• After erasing the startup-config,
reload the device to clear the
running-config file from RAM.
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Save Configurations
Capture Configuration to a Text File

Configuration files can also be saved and

archived to a text document.
• Step 1. Open terminal emulation software,
such as PuTTY or Tera Term, that is
already connected to a switch.
• Step 2. Enable logging in to the terminal
software and assign a name and file
location to save the log file. The figure
displays that All session output will be
captured to the file specified (i.e.,
MySwitchLogs).
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Save Configurations
Capture Configuration to a Text File (Cont.)

• Step 3. Execute the show running-

config or show startup-config command
at the privileged EXEC prompt. Text
displayed in the terminal window will be
placed into the chosen file.
• Step 4. Disable logging in the terminal
software. The figure shows how to disable
logging by choosing the None session
logging option

Note: The text file created can be used as a

record of how the device is currently
implemented. The file could require editing before
being used to restore a saved configuration to a
device.
2.6 Ports and Addresses

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Ports and Addresses
IP Addresses

• The use of IP addresses is the primary means of

enabling devices to locate one another and
establish end-to-end communication on the
internet.
• The structure of an IPv4 address is called dotted
decimal notation and is represented by four
decimal numbers between 0 and 255.
• An IPv4 subnet mask is a 32-bit value that
differentiates the network portion of the address
from the host portion. Coupled with the IPv4
address, the subnet mask determines to which
subnet the device is a member.
• The default gateway address is the IP address of
the router that the host will use to access remote
networks, including the internet.
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Ports and Addresses
IP Addresses (Cont.)

• IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length and

written as a string of hexadecimal values.
Every four bits is represented by a single
hexadecimal digit; for a total of 32
hexadecimal values. Groups of four
hexadecimal digits are separated by a colon
“:”.
• IPv6 addresses are not case-sensitive and
can be written in either lowercase or
uppercase.

Note: IP in this course refers to both the IPv4 and IPv6

protocols. IPv6 is the most recent version of IP and is
replacing the more common IPv4.
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Ports and Addresses
Interfaces and Ports
• Network communications depend on
end user device interfaces, networking
device interfaces, and the cables that
connect them.
• Types of network media include
twisted-pair copper cables, fiber-optic
cables, coaxial cables, or wireless.
• Different types of network media have
different features and benefits. Some
of the differences between various
types of media include:
• Distance the media can
successfully carry a signal
• Environment in which the
media is to be installed
• Amount of data and the speed
at which it must be transmitted
• Cost of the media and
2.7 Configure IP Addressing

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Configure IP Addressing
Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices

• End devices on the network need an IP address in order to

communicate with other devices on the network.
• IPv4 address information can be entered into end devices
manually, or automatically using Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
• To manually configure an IPv4 address on a
Windows PC, open the Control Panel >
Network Sharing Center > Change adapter
settings and choose the adapter. Next right-click
and select Properties to display the Local Area
Connection Properties.
• Next, click Properties to open the Internet
Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)
Properties window. Then configure the IPv4
address and subnet mask information, and
default gateway. Note: IPv6 addressing and configuration
options are similar to IPv4.
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Configure IP Addressing
Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices
• DHCP enables automatic IPv4 address
configuration for every end device that is
DHCP-enabled.
• End devices are typically by default using
DHCP for automatic IPv4 address
configuration.
• To configure DHCP on a Windows
PC, open the Control Panel >
Network Sharing Center >
Change adapter settings and
choose the adapter. Next right-
click and select Properties to
display the Local Area
Connection Properties.
• Next, click Properties to open
the Internet Protocol Version 4 Note: IPv6 uses DHCPv6 and SLAAC (Stateless Address
(TCP/IPv4) Properties window, Autoconfiguration) for dynamic address allocation.
then select Obtain an IP address
automatically and Obtain DNS
server address automatically.
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Configure IP Addressing
Switch Virtual Interface Configuration
To access the switch remotely, an IP address and a subnet mask must be
configured on the SVI.
To configure an SVI on a switch:
• Enter the interface vlan 1 command in global configuration mode.
• Next assign an IPv4 address using the ip address ip-address subnet-
mask command.
• Finally, enable the virtual interface using the no shutdown command.
2.8 Verify Connectivity

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Verify Connectivity
Video – Test the Interface Assignment
This video will cover the following:

▪ Connect a console cable from the PC to the switch

▪ Use the terminal emulation program and accept the defaults to bring you to the command line

▪ Use enable to enter privileged EXEC mode

▪ Use the global configuration mode and the interface configuration mode to enter the no shutdown
command
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Verify Connectivity
Video – Test End-to-End Connectivity

This video will cover the use of the ping command to test connectivity on both switches and both PCs.
2.9 Module Practice and Quiz

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Module Practice and Quiz

What did I learn in this module?

• All end devices and network devices require an operating system (OS).
• Cisco IOS software separates management access into the following
two command modes: User EXEC Mode and Privileged EXEC Mode.
• Global configuration mode is accessed before other specific
configuration modes. From global config mode, the user can enter
different subconfiguration modes.
• Each IOS command has a specific format or syntax and can only be
executed in the appropriate mode.
• Basic device configurations- hostname, password, encrypt passwords
and banner.
• There are two system files that store the device configuration: startup-
config and running-config.
• IP addresses enable devices to locate one another and establish end-
to-end communication on the internet. Each end device on a network
must be configured with an IP address.
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Let’s play