Uint-5 Operators and Expressions

Operators
An operator is a symbol that operates on a certain data item.

Operators are used in programs to perform certain mathematical or logical manipulations.

For e.g. simple expression (8+3) the symbol „+‟ is called operator.

Operand:
The data items that operators act upon are called operands. In simple expression i.e. 8+3 „8‟
and „3‟ are operands.

Operation:
The acting of operator on operand is called operation.
In simple expression i.e 8+3 the symbol + does an addition operation.

Expressions

An expression is a combination of variables, constant and operators.

The following are the examples of expression: 8+3, a-b, a/b, a*b/3,
22a - 10b, a<b, etc.

Classify the types of operator on the basis of operand required for an operator.
Ans:
According to the number of operands required for an operator we can classify operators into:
1. Unary operators
The operators which require only one operand are known as unary operators. e.g.

i ++ (increment operators)
i - - (decrement operators)

2. Binary operators
The operator which requires two operands are known as binary operators.

e.g. a+b, a-b, a%b, a/b, a*b etc.

3. Ternary operators
 The operator which requires three operands are known as ternary operators.
 For e.g. the operator pair ? : (Conditional operator) is a ternary operator.

1 Prepared By: Er. Suraj Kumar Hekka

Explain the types of operator on the basis of action and utility.
According to the action and utility, operators are classified into various categories:

a. Arithmetic operators
e.g. +, -, *, /, %, etc.

b. Relational operators
e.g.
< is less than
> is greater than
<= is less than equal to
>= is greater than equal to
!= is not equal to
== is equal to

c. Logical operators:
There are three logical operators in C.
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
! Logical NOT
e.g:
A B A&&B A||B !A !B
0 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0

d. Assignment Operators

They are + =, - =, * =, / =, %=

Examples:
a+ =b Equivalent to a=a+b
a- =b Equivalent to a=a-b
a* =b Equivalent to a=a*b
a/ =b Equivalent to a=a/b
a% =b Equivalent to a=a%b

2 Prepared By: Er. Suraj Kumar Hekka

e. Increment and Decrement Operators

 The increment operator is used to increase the value of an operand by 1.

 The decrement operator is used to decrease the value of an operand by 1.

 They take only one operand, so also called unary operator.

f. Conditional Operators

 The operator pair ? : is known as conditional operator.

 It takes three operands. So, also called ternary operator.

 Its syntax is: expression1 ? expression2 : expression3

Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()

{
int n1, n2, larger;
clrscr();

printf(“Enter two number:”);

scanf(“%d %d”, &n1, &n2);

larger=n1>n2 ? n1: n2;

printf(“ The larger number is %d”, larger);

getch();

Output
Enter two numbers: 25 22
The larger number is 25

3 Prepared By: Er. Suraj Kumar Hekka

Operator Precedence and Associativity

 The precedence is used to determine how an expression involving more than one operator is
evaluated.

 There are distinct levels of precedence and an operator may belong to one of these levels.

 The operators at the higher level of precedence are evaluated first.

 The operators of the same precedence are evaluated either from left to right or right to left
depending on the level. This is known as associativity property of an operator.

 Table below shows the precedence level and its associativity.

Precedence level Operator Associativity

1 ( ), [ ] Left to right
2 ++, - - Right to left
3 *, /, % Left to right
4 +, - Left to right
6 <, <=, >, >= Left to right
7 == , ! = Left to right
11 && Left to right
12 || Left to right
13 ?: Right to left
14 *=, /=, %=, +=, - = Right to left
15 , Left to right

4 Prepared By: Er. Suraj Kumar Hekka

 Lab no: 2
1. WAP to divide one integer by another integer and find the quotient and remainder.

Program
void main()
{
int a, b, quotient, remainder;
clrscr();
printf("Enter two integers:");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
quotient =a/b;
remainder =a%b;
printf("The quotient is %d\n", quotient);
printf("The remainder is %d", remainder);
getch();
}

Output
Enter two integers: 10 3
The quotient is 3
The remainder is 1

2. WAP to read a four digit number and then find the sum of first and last digits.

Program
void main()
{
int num,a,b,sum;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any four digit number:\n");
scanf("%d",&num);

a=num%10;
b=num/1000;

sum=a+b;
printf("The sum of first and last digit numbers is %d",sum);
getch();
}

5 Prepared By: Er. Suraj Kumar Hekka

Output
Enter any four digit number: 4556
The sum of first and last digit numbers is 10

3. WAP in C to find the larger number among any two numbers using ternary operator.

Program
void main()
{
int n1, n2, larger;
printf(“Enter two number:”);
scanf(“%d %d”,&n1, &n2);

larger=n1>n2 ? n1 : n2;

printf(“The larger number is %d”, larger);

getch();
}

Output
Enter two numbers: 25 22
The larger number is 25

4. WAP in C to find largest among three numbers using ternary operator

Program
int main()
{
int n1 = 5, n2 = 10, n3 = 15, max;
clrscr();

max = (n1 > n2) ? (n1 > n3 ? n1 : n3) : (n2 > n3 ? n2 : n3);

printf("Largest number among %d, %d and %d is %d.", n1, n2, n3, max);
getch();
return 0;
}

Output
Largest number among 5, 10 and 15 is 15

6 Prepared By: Er. Suraj Kumar Hekka