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Europe Lecture Guide

The document provides an overview of the music traditions in Europe, focusing on Bulgaria, Russia, and Scotland. It discusses the distinction between classical and folk music, highlighting key composers and instruments such as the balalaika and bagpipes. Additionally, it touches on the historical context and cultural significance of these musical styles in their respective regions.

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Bella Grace Finck
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13 views

Europe Lecture Guide

The document provides an overview of the music traditions in Europe, focusing on Bulgaria, Russia, and Scotland. It discusses the distinction between classical and folk music, highlighting key composers and instruments such as the balalaika and bagpipes. Additionally, it touches on the historical context and cultural significance of these musical styles in their respective regions.

Uploaded by

Bella Grace Finck
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Worlds of Music

Europe: Bulgaria, Ireland & Scotland & Borders: Ukraine, Russia

1. Introduction and Overview


a. Islands vs. Mainland
2. Categorization of music
3. Classical vs. Folk
a. Classical music flourished in courts and regions of wealth and power.
b. Folk
i. Germanic concept
ii. Reaction against the Franco and Italian dominance
1. Romanticism (mid-late 18th c)
a. Folksong or: __________________
i. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)
1. Composers Who Used Folk Songs
a. Bela Bartok (1881-1945)
b. Ralph Vaughn Williams (1872–
1958)
4. Arrival: Bulgaria
a. History of Bulgaria
i.
ii.
b. Listening:
i. “Bulgaria: Women’s Chorus”
ii. Notes:

c. Glottal Stop: A consonant formed by the audible release of the airstream.


d. Gayda: Bulgarian bagpipes
5. Arrival: Russia
a. Russian Nationalism
i. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
ii. Pytor Ilich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
iii. Igor Stravinsky (1882–1927)
1. Chastushki: playful songs
2. Soviet Russia
b. Balalaika Ensemble
i. Balalaika: A triangle-shaped, fretted plucked-lute from Russia.
1. Most popular folk instrument
2. Varying sizes (prima)
3. Resonant body
4. _______ strings
5. 2 strings tuned to same pitch (or octave)
6. 3rd sting: tuned 4th above tonic
7. Used as courting instrument
a. Courts
i. 19th c., replaced by harmonica
ii. Vasily Vasilyevich Andreyev (1861–1918)
1. “Father of the Balalaika”
ii. Melody: short and repetitive
1. Bass: basic harmonic structure
2. Smaller instruments: melody
3. Accordion=harmony
4. No percussion except a tambourine
iii.

6.
7. Arrival: Scotland
a. Turbulent History
i. Act of Union 1707
1. Music
a. Nationalistic style
ii. The Clearances (1790-1845)
b. Musical Instruments & Types
i. Highland Pipes
1. Only dated to 16th century
2. Overall cultural imagery
a. Kilts
b. Worn differently today, symbol has changed.
ii. Celtic Harp
1. Before the bagpipes, the Celtic Harp
a. Shared musical culture with Ireland.
iii. Bagpipes: reed aerophone
1. Bagpipe components: chanter, bag wind chest/bellows, drones,
blowpipe
2. Instrument sound: examples used today have an ornate melody
paired with sustained drone pitches.
a. Melody line is played on the chanter: wooden pipe with
finger holes.
b. Double reed is inside the tube, and vibrates when blown
i. Drones: contain a single reed (like the sax/clarinet)
c. Bag wind chest/bellows:
i. Made traditionally from skin.
ii. Cloth/tartan covers the skin-bag.
d. Apertures: leg holes into which the chanter and three drone
are inserted.
3. Pibroch
a. Scottish Bagpipe Musical Form
i. Ceremonial form
ii. Taught orally from teacher to student
b. Theme and Variations structure
i. Theme: distinctive melody
ii. Variation: occurs when a section returns, but is not
identical to the theme.
1. It is recognizable but has variety
a. Audio Example
iv. Scottish Folk Music
1. Regional Styles (Dances, Reels)
Fiddle, harp, bagpipe, accordion, tin w

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