Scribd
Upload
4 views21 pages

Nomenclature - Polyatomics and Covalent Compounds

The document provides a comprehensive overview of nomenclature related to polyatomic ions, hydrates, acid salts, and acids. It includes guidelines for naming binary compounds, oxyanions, and covalent compounds, as well as examples and exercises for practice. Additionally, it covers the naming conventions for hydrates and acid salts, along with specific examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

walwalamahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views21 pages

Nomenclature - Polyatomics and Covalent Compounds

The document provides a comprehensive overview of nomenclature related to polyatomic ions, hydrates, acid salts, and acids. It includes guidelines for naming binary compounds, oxyanions, and covalent compounds, as well as examples and exercises for practice. Additionally, it covers the naming conventions for hydrates and acid salts, along with specific examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

walwalamahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Nomenclature: Polyatomic Ions,

Hydrates, Acid Salts and Acids


• Polyatomic Ions
• Oxyanions
• Naming Binary Compounds
• Polyatomic Exceptions
• Hydrates
• Acid Salts
• Naming Acids
• Naming Covalent
Compounds
Polyatomic Ions
• Almost all polyatomic ions contain oxygen and only
one other element
• These have a net negative charge and are called
oxyanions
• They can form ionic bonds (usually with a metal)
Different forms of Oxyanions
• Sometimes elements form more than one oxyanion
• To distinguish between them we can alter the prefix
and suffix

Prefix Suffix
One more oxygen atom per- -ate
“Normal” atom -ate
One less oxygen atom -ite
Two less oxygen atoms hypo- -ite
Different forms of Oxyanions
Here are some examples:

nitrate NO3- perchlorate ClO4-


nitrite NO2- chlorate ClO3-
chlorite ClO2-
hypochlorite ClO-

sulfate SO42-
sulfite SO32-
thiosulfate S2O32-
Naming Binary Compounds with
Oxyanions or Polyatomics
1. Write the name of the metal (including the roman
numeral if necessary).
2. Write the name of the polyatomic ion.
Remember: In ionic compounds, we change the
ending of the second molecule to –ide. We DO NOT
do this for polyatomic ions. Keep the ending of the
polyatomic ion the same as its original name.
Check Your Understanding
Name the following:

Ca3(PO4)2 à

CuSO4 à

BeCO3 à
Check Your Understanding
Name the following:

Ca3(PO4)2 à Calcium Phosphate

CuSO4 à Copper (II) Sulphate

BeCO3 à Beryllium Carbonate


Check Your Understanding
Name the following Give the chemical formula for
compounds: the following:

Mg(ClO2)2 Calcium perchlorate


Ø Mg+2 and ClO2- Ø Ca+2 and ClO4-
Ø __________ Ø _________

Ca(CN)2 Iron (III) hypocarbonite


Ø Ca+2 and CN- Ø Fe+3 and CO-2
Ø __________ Ø __________
Check Your Understanding
Name the following Give the chemical formula for
compounds: the following:

Mg(ClO2)2 Calcium perchlorate


Ø Mg+2 and ClO2- Ø Ca+2 and ClO4-
Ø Magnesium chlorite Ø Ca(ClO4)2

Ca(CN)2 Iron (III) hypocarbonite


Ø Ca+2 and CN- Ø Fe+3 and CO-2
Ø Calcium cyanide Ø Fe2(CO)3
Polyatomic Exception
• There is only one really common positive
polyatomic ion: NH4+ à Ammonium

• It will form ionic compounds with nonmetals


• To name these compounds:
1. Write the name of the polyatomic
2. Write the name of the non-metal, changing the
end to –ide
• Example: NH4Cl à Ammonium chloride
(NH4)2O à Ammonium oxide
Hydrates
• Hydrates are compounds that have water molecules
loosely bonded within the solid crystal
ØE.g. Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate: CuSO4 Ÿ5H2O
• We put the Ÿ to indicate a weak bond between the
molecules
• Use the following prefixes to identify # of waters:
Greek Prefix Number Greek Prefix Number
mono- 1 hexa- 6
di- 2 hepta- 7
tri- 3 octa- 8
tetra- 4 nona- (or ennea-) 9
penta- 5 deca- 10
Check Your Understanding
What would be the name for the following compound:
NaNO3Ÿ10H2O
Check Your Understanding
What would be the name for the following compound:
NaNO3Ÿ10H2O

Answer: Sodium nitrate decahydrate


Acid Salts
• Salts whose anions contain one or more covalently
bonded hydrogen atom
ØE.g. NaHSO4: Sodium hydrogen sulfate
• Here are acid salts you will need to know:

Formula Name
HCO3- hydrogen carbonate
HSO4- hydrogen sulfate
HSO3- hydrogen sulfite
HPO42- hydrogen phosphate
H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate
Acid Salts
Complete the following chart:

Cation Anion Name


NaHCO3 Na+ HCO3-

Fe(HSO4)3 Fe+3 HSO4-

Ca(HSO3)2 Ca+2 HSO3-

Ca(H2PO4)2 Ca+2 H2PO4-

K2HPO4 K+ HPO4-2
Acid Salts
Complete the following chart:

Cation Anion Name


NaHCO3 Na+ HCO3- Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Fe(HSO4)3 Fe+3 HSO4- Iron(III) hydrogensulfate

Ca(HSO3)2 Ca+2 HSO3- Calcium hydrogensulfite

Ca(H2PO4)2 Ca+2 H2PO4- Calcium dihydrogenphosphate

K2HPO4 K+ HPO4-2 Potassium hydrogenphosphate


Naming Acids
• Binary Acids (2 elements bonded together) that contain
hydrogen and one other element are easy to name
• Start the name with “hydro” then connect it with the
name of the second element, but change the ending
of its name to “ic”
• Finish by naming it an acid in an aqueous solution (aq)
ØE.g. HBr(aq) à Hydrobromic Acid
ØE.g. HCl(aq) à Hydrochloric Acid
Naming Acids
• Ternary Acids (3 elements
bonded together) contain an Formula Name
HNO3(aq) nitric acid
oxyanion as well
H2SO4(aq) sulfuric acid
H2SO3(aq) sulfurous acid
• When naming:
HClO4(aq) perchloric acid

– If oxyanion ending is “ate”, HClO3(aq) chloric acid

ending is changed to “ic” HClO2(aq) chlorous acid


HClO(aq) hypochlorous acid
– If oxyanion ending is “ite”,
ending is changed to “ous”
Naming Covalent
Compounds
All covalent compounds have two-word names. When
naming:
• Write the first element in the formula
• Write the second element in the formula,
changing the ending to “ide”
• Use prefixes to to detail how many atoms are
used
• If the first element in the compound has only one
atom, the ‘mono’ is not written
• The less electronegative atom is written first
Check Your Understanding
Name the following compounds:
The prefixes are,
1 Mono
CO à 2 Di
3 Tri
CO2 à 4 Tetra
5 Penta
N2O3 à
6 Hexa
H2O à 7 Hepta
8 Octa
CH4 à 9 Nona
10 Deca
Check Your Understanding
Name the following compounds:
The prefixes are,
1 Mono
CO à Carbon monoxide 2 Di
3 Tri
CO2 à Carbon dioxide
4 Tetra
5 Penta
N2O3 à Dinitrogen trioxide
6 Hexa
H2O à Water 7 Hepta
8 Octa
CH4 à Methane 9 Nona
10 Deca

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy