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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 14 November 2024
Paper
Morning (Time: 2 hours)
reference 4PH1/1P 4SD0/1P
Physics  

UNIT: 4PH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator, protractor, Equation Booklet (enclosed)

Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 110.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Write your answers neatly and in good English.
•• Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

P75952A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
V:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P75952A0132*
 FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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*P75952A0232* 
 Answer ALL questions.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an

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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 Diagram 1 shows a planet orbiting a star, and a moon orbiting a planet.

not to scale

star
moon planet

Diagram 1

(a) On Diagram 1, draw the orbit of a comet around the star.

(2)

(b) (i) On Diagram 1, draw an arrow to show the force the planet exerts on
the moon.
(1)

(ii) What type of force does the planet exert on the moon?
(1)
A electric

B gravitational

C magnetic

D nuclear

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*P75952A0432* 
 (c) The planet completes one orbit of the star in a time of 2.5 × 108 s.
The radius of the planet’s orbit is 8.7 × 1010 m.
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Calculate the orbital speed of the planet.

Give your answer to two significant figures.
(3)

orbital speed = .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(d) Diagram 2 shows the region around the Sun, a yellow star, where liquid water
can exist on the surface of planets. This is because the surface temperature of the
planet is between 0 °C and 100 °C.

Earth
liquid water region

Sun

Diagram 2

Explain what would happen to the position of the liquid water region if the Sun
was replaced with a blue star of the same size.
(2)

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(Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)

5
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2 An athlete jumps vertically from the ground.
(a) The athlete has a mass of 85 kg, and leaves the ground with an upwards velocity

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of 4.5 m/s.
(i) State the formula linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the athlete’s kinetic energy at a speed of 4.5 m/s.

(2)

kinetic energy = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(iii) At the maximum height of the jump, the athlete has a speed of 0 m/s.
State the increase in the amount of energy in the athlete’s gravitational
potential energy store from the ground to the maximum height of the jump.
(1)

increase in gravitational potential energy = ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(iv) State the formula linking gravitational potential energy, mass, gravitational
field strength and height.
(1)

(v) Calculate the maximum height of the athlete’s jump.

(3)

height = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

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*P75952A0632* 
 (b) (i) Sketch a velocity‑time graph for the athlete’s jump from the ground to the
maximum height of the jump. No numbers are required.
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Assume there is no air resistance.

(3)

Velocity

0
0 Time

(ii) What feature of the velocity‑time graph gives the acceleration due to gravity?
(1)
A area under the line

B gradient

C x‑axis
D y‑axis

(iii) Explain why the gravitational field strength on the Moon is different from the
gravitational field strength on the Earth.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 2 = 14 marks)

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3 (a) Photograph 1 shows a power supply for some electrical equipment. The electrical
equipment is connected to the mains supply.

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(Source: © 2211575607/ Shutterstock)

Photograph 1

Explain why the power supply is completely covered in plastic.

(2)

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(b) The electrical equipment is connected to the mains power supply of 230 V.
(i) State the formula linking power, current and voltage.
(1)

(ii) The electrical equipment has a power of 350 W.

Calculate the current in the equipment when it is being used.
(2)

current = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

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*P75952A0832* 
 (c) Photograph 2 shows a circuit breaker.
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(Source: © 509531608 / Shutterstock)

Photograph 2

Explain the advantages of using a circuit breaker rather than a fuse.

(2)

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(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

9
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4 A teacher investigates a sample of radioactive material.
The graph shows their results.

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1200

1000

800
Activity in

............................. . .

600

400

200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time in minutes

(a) On the graph, give the unit for activity.

(1)

(b) Describe what is meant by the term background radiation.

(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) (i) Describe what is meant by the term half‑life.

(2)

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*P75952A01032* 
 (ii) Use the graph to determine the half‑life of this radioactive sample.
(2)
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half‑life = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . minutes

(d) The teacher suggests that this formula shows the relationship between activity
and time taken.

activity × time taken = constant

Use data from the graph to determine if this relationship is correct.

(4)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

11
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5 Diagram 1 shows two magnetic poles.

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N S

Diagram 1

(a) Draw three field lines on Diagram 1 to show the uniform magnetic field in the
shaded region between the two poles.
(2)

(b) Diagram 2 shows a current‑carrying wire in the uniform magnetic field between
the poles of a magnet.
The arrow on the wire shows the direction of current.
Draw another arrow on Diagram 2 to show the direction of the force on the wire.
(2)

permanent
magnet

power supply

N S

current-carrying wire

Diagram 2

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*P75952A01232* 
 (c) Diagram 3 shows a rectangular loop of wire carrying a current in a uniform
magnetic field.
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permanent
magnet
B C

N S
A D
coil

+ –

Diagram 3

Explain why the loop starts to turn but stops when the loop is vertical.
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

13
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 6 A student does an investigation to determine the refractive index of a rectangular
block of transparent material.
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The student uses this equipment in their investigation.

• ray box
• rectangular transparent block
• protractor
• pencil
• paper
• ruler
This is the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction.

sin(i )
refractive index =
sin(r )

(a) Describe a method to determine the refractive index of the material.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(5)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15
 *P75952A01532* Turn over
 (b) The refractive index of the material is 1.2
(i) State the formula linking the refractive index and the critical angle of

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a material.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the critical angle of this material.

(2)

critical angle = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . degrees

(iii) Describe what is meant by the term total internal reflection.

(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P75952A01632* 
 (c) The diagram shows a ray of light entering a prism made of the same material as
the rectangular block used in the student’s investigation.
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(i) Use a protractor to determine the angle of incidence at the point where the
ray of light is incident on side AB of the prism.
(1)

angle of incidence = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . degrees

(ii) Complete the path of the ray of light.

(2)
(Total for Question 6 = 13 marks)

17
 *P75952A01732* Turn over
7 The diagram shows a submarine at rest underwater.

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(a) There are two vertical forces acting on the submarine.
(i) One of the forces is called upthrust.
Give the name of the other force.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Draw two arrows on the diagram to represent the vertical forces acting on
the submarine.
(2)

(b) (i) State the formula linking pressure, density, gravitational field strength
and height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the pressure from the water at a point 38 m below the surface of
the water.
[density of sea water = 1030 kg/m3 ]
(2)

pressure = .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kPa

18
*P75952A01832* 
 (c) To rise back to the surface, air is pumped into a storage tank inside the submarine.
(i) Explain how the air exerts pressure on the walls of the storage tank.
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(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The air in the storage tank starts at a pressure of 410 kPa.
As the submarine rises, the air in the storage tank increases in temperature
from 2.5 °C to 18 °C. The volume of the storage tank remains constant.
Calculate the pressure of the air in the storage tank at 18 °C.
(4)

pressure = .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kPa

(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)

19
 *P75952A01932* Turn over
8 The diagram shows two whales in the sea.
Some species of whale communicate with sound signals and visual signals.

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Whale A Whale B

(Source: © 1974996491 / Shutterstock)

(a) Describe the difference between the motion of particles in a transverse wave and
the motion of particles in a longitudinal wave.
You may use a diagram to help your answer.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20
*P75952A02032* 
 (b) Whale A makes a sound with a constant frequency. This sound is detected
by whale B.
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When whale A swims towards whale B, the frequency of the sound detected by
whale B increases.
This is known as the Doppler effect.
Explain how the Doppler effect causes the frequency of sound detected by
whale B to increase.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Visible light from the Sun reaches whale B.

The wavelength of this light is 5.4 × 10–7 m.
Calculate the frequency of this light.
[speed of light = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
(3)

frequency = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

21
 *P75952A02132* Turn over
 9 A student investigates different electrical components.

(a) The student first investigates how the voltage of a diode affects the current in
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the diode.
They use this equipment.
• diode
• cell
• variable resistor
• wires
• voltmeter
• ammeter
Draw a circuit diagram to represent a circuit the student could use.
The diode has been drawn for you.
(4)

23
 *P75952A02332* Turn over
 (b) In the second investigation, the student uses a circuit with two different resistors,
A and B, and a battery with a voltage of 2.9 V.

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Diagram 1 shows the circuit, and the current in each resistor.

2.9 V

A
0.15 A

0.23 A
B

Diagram 1

(i) Calculate the current in the battery.

(1)

current = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

(ii) State the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.

(1)

(iii) Calculate the resistance of resistor A.

(2)

resistance = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ω

24
*P75952A02432* 
 (iv) Diagram 2 shows the same three components connected in a different circuit.

2.9 V
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A B

Diagram 2

Resistor B has a resistance of 13 ohms.

Comment on the difference between the current in the battery in Diagram 2
and the current in the battery in Diagram 1.
Use calculations to support your answer.
(4)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 9 = 12 marks)

25
 *P75952A02532* Turn over
10 A student investigates energy transfer by conduction in different metals.
The student uses wax to attach one coin to each of four different metal rods, and

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connects the rods to a heater.
When the heater is on, energy is transferred through the metal rods. This melts the
wax and causes the coins to fall.
The diagram shows the student’s equipment viewed from above.

coin attached with wax

iron

heater
steel aluminium

copper

(a) This is the student’s method.

Step 1 switch on the heater and start a stopwatch
Step 2 record the time taken for the coin to fall from each metal rod

(i) Give the independent variable in this investigation.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Give the dependent variable in this investigation.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26
*P75952A02632* 
 (iii) A teacher tells the student that their investigation is not valid (a fair test).
Give two ways to improve the validity of the student’s investigation.
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(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) The student improves the validity of their investigation.

Describe what the student should do to improve the reliability of their results.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27
 *P75952A02732* Turn over
 (b) The table gives the student’s results.

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Material Time for coin to drop in seconds

iron 180

steel 230

aluminium 140

copper 90

(i) Plot a bar chart of the results on the grid.

(3)

(ii) State why a bar chart is a better choice than a line graph for this investigation.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 10 = 10 marks)

28
*P75952A02832* 
 11 (a) Which of these is the main source of energy in stars?
(1)
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A alpha decay

B beta decay

C nuclear fission

D nuclear fusion

(b) The table lists the stages of development of a star that has a very much larger
mass than the Sun.
Give the stages in the correct order, using numbers 1 to 5.
(4)

Stages of development Order number

a black hole is formed

heavy elements are made in the core of the star

the star becomes a red supergiant

the star explodes in a supernova

the core of the star runs out of hydrogen

(Total for Question 11 = 5 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 110 MARKS

29
 *P75952A02932*
 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Thursday 14 November 2024
Morning (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference 4PH1/1P 4SD0/1P

Physics
 

UNIT: 4PH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1P
Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.

Turn over

*P75952A*
P75952A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.

V:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
These equations may be required for both International GCSE Physics (4PH1) and
International GCSE Combined Science (4SD0) papers.

1. Forces and Motion

distance moved
average speed =
time taken

acceleration = change in velocity a

v  u 
time taken t
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v2  u 2   2  a  s 

force = mass × acceleration F=m×a

weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g

2. Electricity

power = current × voltage P=I×V

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

voltage = current × resistance V=I×R

charge = current × time Q=I×t

energy transferred = charge × voltage E=Q×V

3. Waves

wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

sin angle of incidence  sin i

refractive index = n=
sin angle of refraction sin r

1 1
sin critical angle   sin c =
refractive index n

2 P75952A

 4. Energy resources and energy transfers

useful energy output

efficiency = ×100%
total energy output

work done = force × distance moved W=F×d

gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

GPE = m × g × h

1 1
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2 KE   m  v 2
2 2

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

5. Solids, liquids and gases

mass m
density = 
volume V

force F
pressure = p=
area A
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h×ρ×g

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p 2 × V2

8. Astrophysics

2   orbital radius 2  r

orbital speed = v
time period T

The equations on the following page will only be required for International GCSE Physics.

P75952A 3
 Turn over
These additional equations may be required in International GCSE Physics papers 2P
and 2PR.

1. Forces and Motion

momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v

force =
change in momentum
F
 mv  mu 
time taken t

moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot

5. Solids, liquids and gases

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

6. Magnetism and electromagnetism

relationship between input and output voltages for a transformer

input (primary) voltage primary turns
=
output (secondary) voltage secondary turns

input power = output power Vp Ip = Vs Is

for 100% efficiency

8. Astrophysics

change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy   0  v

=  
reference wavelength speed of light 0 0 c

END OF EQUATION LIST

4 P75952A

Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2024

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Physics (4PH1) Paper 1P
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) elliptical orbit drawn; allow partial elliptical 2
orbits
star (approximately) at the focus of the ellipse; reject if star at the
centre of the ellipse

(b) (i) arrow drawn pointing from moon towards planet; arrow does not need to 1
start at moon but line
of arrow must pass
through moon and
planet
ignore force arrows
associated with comet

(ii) B - gravitational; 1

A is incorrect as any electrical force would not be

strong enough
C is incorrect as any magnetic force would not be
strong enough
D is incorrect as nuclear forces are short range

(c) substitution into given formula; allow use of 3.14, 22/7 3

for π
correct evaluation; −1 for POT error
answer given to 2 s.f.; any final value
expressed to 2 s.f. gets
this mark

e.g.
orbital speed = 2π × 8.7 × 1010 / 2.5 × 108
orbital speed = 2186.54848… (m/s) allow 2185.44,
2187.4… (m/s)
orbital speed = 2200 (m/s) allow 2.2 × 103 (m/s)

(d) blue star is hotter (than the Sun); allow blue star is 2
hottest
region is further away (from the star); allow region for blue
star has larger radius /
eq

Total for Question 1 = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) kinetic energy = ½ × mass × speed2; allow velocity for speed 1
allow standard symbols
e.g. KE = ½ × m × v2

(ii) substitution; 2
evaluation;

e.g.
KE = ½ × 85 × 4.52
KE = 860 (J) allow 861, 860.6, 860.62,
860.63, 860.625 (J)

(iii) identical answer to (ii); expect 860 (J) 1

allow ecf from (ii)

(iv) gravitational potential energy = mass × g × height; allow standard symbols 1

e.g. GPE = m × g × h
ignore gravity for g

(v) substitution; allow use of g = 9.8, 9.81 3

allow ecf from (ii) or (iii)
rearrangement;
evaluation;
allow use of v2 = u2 + 2as
for full marks
e.g.
860 = 85 × 10 × h
h = 860 ÷ 850 = 1.0(125) (m)
(h =) 1.0 (m) allow 1 (m) if supported by
valid working
allow 1.00 – 1.03 (m)

(b) (i) velocity shown to decrease from an initial positive allow if velocity initially 3
value; increases from 0 (m/s) and
then decreases
reject if velocity remains
at maximum value (flat
line)
straight line of negative gradient drawn; judge by eye
finishes at 0 (m/s);

e.g.
OR
(ii) B - gradient; 1

A is incorrect as that would give the distance

travelled
C and D are incorrect as the x and y axes are
integral features of the graph, not the data

(iii) any two from: 2

MP1. idea that Moon and Earth have different allow RA
masses; allow density for mass
condone Earth is
heavier/Moon is lighter
MP2. gravitational field strength is proportional
to mass;
MP3. gravitational field strength on the Moon is allow RA
less; condone less gravity on
Moon

Total for Question 2 = 14 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) plastic is an (electrical) insulator; allow idea the plastic 2
doesn’t conduct
(electricity)
allow reference to
double insulation
idea that it prevents an electric shock; ignore references to
current transferring to
surroundings

(b) (i) power = current × voltage; allow standard symbols 1

and rearrangements
e.g. I = P / V
ignore C, c for current

(ii) substitution OR rearrangement; 2

evaluation;

e.g.
350 = current × 230 OR current = power / voltage
(current =) 1.5 (A) allow 1.52… (A)

(c) idea the circuit breaker is faster (at isolating allow circuit breaker is 2
circuit); more sensitive
idea the circuit breaker is resettable; allow circuit breaker
can be reused / used
multiple times

Total for Question 3 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) becquerel(s)/Bq; accept with any prefix (e.g. 1
kBq) or recognisable spelling
allow bq, BQ

(b) idea that background radiation is always present; allow radiation all around us, 2
in the
surroundings/environment,
everywhere etc.
appropriate named source of background radiation e.g. from:
mentioned; • the Sun / cosmic rays
• rocks / soil
• radon
• weapons testing
• food
• nuclear disasters
• medical equipment
reject CMBR

(c) (i) (average) time; allow how long it takes 2

for halving of:
• the (radio)activity; allow count rate for activity
• number of nuclei; allow atoms for nuclei
• mass of isotope; ignore mass of
substance/sample

(ii) lines drawn on graph indicating an activity and half e.g. line drawn across from 2
of that activity; 600 and down to 19
half-life = 19 (minutes); accept any answer that rounds
to 19 (minutes) for 2 marks

(d) data point taken from graph; 4

constant correctly calculated using data point;
constant correctly calculated from a second data
point taken from graph;

conclusion consistent with calculated constants; dependent on first three marks

being awarded (DOP)
conclusion must be clearly
linked to a comparison of the
constants

Total for Question 4 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) at least three horizontal, straight field lines, parallel judge by eye 2
and equally spaced;
at least one arrow on field line from N to S; reject any
contradictory field
line directions for
this mark

(b) vertical arrow; allow arrow drawn 2

anywhere on
diagram
downwards; DOP

(c) any three from: 4

MP1. wire/coil/current has a magnetic field;
MP2. field of wire/coil/current interacts with field allow idea that fields
of magnet; overlap
ignore cutting field
MP3. idea of there being a force on wire AB or CD; allow if shown on
diagram
MP4. idea that forces are in opposite/different allow upward force
directions; on one side and
downward force on
other side
ignore references to
movement
MP5. (because) the currents (in the sides of the coil)
are in opposite/different directions;

with one from:

MP6. forces do not change direction; allow idea that there
is no (net) moment
(when the coil is
vertical)
MP7. idea that current cannot swap direction; allow current is not
a.c.
MP8. lack of split-ring / commutator; allow idea that a
split-ring /
commutator is
needed

Total for Question 5 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) any three from: 5
MP1. means of recording position of block; allow drawing around
block on paper
MP2. means of recording rays; allow drawing paths of
rays, marking positions of
incident/emerging rays
MP3. mark normal where light enters/leaves the allow if shown in diagram
block;
MP4. measurement of angles of incidence and
refraction;
MP5. repeat for range of angles of incidence;

with any two from:

MP6. sin(i)÷ sin(r) used to calculate n; allow graph plotted of
sin(i) against sin(r)
MP7. for different angles of incidence and allow use of gradient to
averaged; determine n

(b) (i) sin(c) = 1/n; allow any correct 1

rearrangement
allow word formula

(ii) substitution OR rearrangement; allow sin(c) = 0.83… 2

evaluation;

e.g.
sin(c) = 1 / 1.2 OR c = sin−1(1/n)
(c = sin−1(1/1.2) =) 56 (degrees) allow 56.4… (degrees)
allow answers that round
to 56 (degrees)

(iii) any two from: 2

MP1. idea that all light is reflected inside a allow if seen in a diagram
medium; allow idea that all light is
reflected rather than
being refracted
MP2. for light travelling from a higher refractive allow higher (optical)
index to a lower refractive index; density to lower (optical)
density
MP3. (when) angle (of incidence) is greater than
critical angle;

(c) (i) 24 (degrees); allow 22-26 (degrees) 1

(ii) ray emerges into air; allow dashed lines 2

arrow not required
ray refracts correctly, bending away from the judge by eye
normal; ignore reflected rays

Total for Question 6 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) weight / gravitational (force) / gravitational pull ignore gravity 1
(of Earth);

(ii) one vertical upwards arrow and one vertical allow if drawn 2
downwards arrow; anywhere on diagram
ignore any horizontal
arrows
ignore labels on arrows
two arrows are equal length; DOP
judge by eye

(b) (i) pressure (difference) = density × g × height; allow standard symbols 1

e.g. p = ρ × g × h
condone d for density,
condone gfs for g
ignore gravity

(ii) substitution; allow use of g = 9.8, 2

9.81
evaluation in kPa;
391 400 (kPa) scores 1
mark
e.g.
pressure = 1030 × 10 × 38
(pressure =) 390 (kPa) allow 391(.4) (kPa)
allow 380, 383, 384,
383.5…, 383.9… (kPa)

(c) (i) idea of collisions between particles and the walls of allow atoms, molecules 3
the storage tank; for particles
allow equivalent
expressions for
collisions e.g. bounce,
hit etc.
idea of particles exerting a force on the walls; condone air exerts a
force on the walls
idea of a force exerted over an area gives a allow p = F/A quoted
pressure;
(ii) conversion of either temperature in kelvin; allow if seen anywhere 4
in working
substitution into given formula; allow ecf for °C values
used or incorrect kelvin
temperatures
accept calculation of
constant value i.e. 410
÷ 275.5 = 1.488…
rearrangement;
evaluation; −1 for POT error

3000, 2952 (kPa) scores

3 marks (not converting
e.g. to kelvin)
T = 275.5 (K) or T = 291 (K)
410 / 275.5 = p2 / 291
p2 = 410 × 291 / 275.5
(p2 =) 430 (kPa) allow 433.1, 433.0…
(kPa)

Total for Question 7 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) both marking points can 2
be awarded from
clearly labelled
diagrams
reference to vibrations / oscillations; ignore up and down,
forwards and backwards
(vibrations/oscillations) are parallel to direction of allow equivalent
wave/energy transfer for longitudinal AND statements of
(vibrations/oscillations) are perpendicular to parallel/perpendicular
direction of wave/energy transfer for transverse;

(b) wavefronts (at whale B) are compressed / allow alternative 3

wavelength (at whale B) is smaller; phrases for compressed
speed of sound is constant;
frequency = speed of sound ÷ wavelength (therefore allow any
frequency increases); rearrangement of the
formula
allow symbols for
formula

(c) substitution into speed = frequency × wavelength; 3

rearrangement;
evaluation; −1 for POT error
if no other marks
scored, allow selection
of correct formula for 1
mark
e.g.
3.0 × 108 = frequency × 5.4 × 10-7
frequency = 3.0 × 108 / 5.4 × 10-7
(frequency =) 5.6 × 1014 (Hz) allow 6 × 1014,
5.55… × 1014 (Hz)
reject 5.5 × 1014 (Hz)

Total for Question 8 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) complete circuit with correct symbols for cell, condone more than one 4
ammeter and voltmeter; cell / battery drawn
ignore orientation of
diode relative to cell
variable resistor in series with diode; circuit symbol must be
correct
condone incorrect
orientation of symbol
ammeter in series with diode;
voltmeter in parallel with diode; reject if voltmeter
drawn in parallel with
variable resistor and
diode

e.g.

(b) (i) 0.38 (A); 1

(ii) voltage = current × resistance; allow standard symbols 1

and rearrangements
e.g. R = V / I
ignore c, C for current

(iii) substitution OR rearrangement; 2

evaluation;

e.g.
2.9 = 0.15 × R OR R = V / I
(resistance =) 19 (Ω) allow 19.3… (Ω)

(iv) MP1. calculation of resistance in diagram 2; allow 19(.3) + 13 or 4

32(.3) (Ω) seen
allow ecf from (iii)
allow 12.6 Ω used for RB
MP2. idea that resistance is larger in diagram 2; allow RA
award this mark if MP1
awarded
MP3. calculation of current in diagram 2; allow ecf from MP1
 e.g. I (= 2.9 / 32(.3)) =
0.09 (A)
MP4. conclusion that current is smaller in dependent on one of
diagram 2; MP1-MP3 being awarded
allow RA

Total for Question 9 = 12 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) (i) metal/material; ignore unqualified “type of rod” 1

(ii) time (taken for coin to fall off); allow how long it takes (for the 1
coin to fall off)

(iii) any two from: 2

MP1. rods the same length; allow a mark for “rods same
MP2. rods the same size/volume” if MP1 or MP2 have
diameter/thickness/width/area; not been awarded
MP3. coins of the same mass;
MP4. same mass/amount of wax; allow same type of wax

(iv) repeat the experiment; reject if method modified e.g. 2

testing additional metals
calculate the mean (time for each rod); allow calculate the average
allow identify/ignore anomalies

(b) (i) suitable linear scale for time axis; reject multiples of 30, 45, 60, 80 3
for 10 small squares
allow use of false origin
scale should be such that length
of tallest bar must be at least
half the grid
time axis labelled with quantity and unit AND condone missing “material” label
material axis labelled; if bars are labelled iron, steel
etc.
all bars correct length to within ½ small square;

e.g.

(ii) material/data is categoric/discrete/not allow discontinuous for not 1

continuous; continuous

Total for Question 10 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) D - nuclear fusion; 1

A is incorrect as the abundance of nuclei with high proton

number is too small
B is incorrect as the energy release per decay is too small
C is incorrect as fusion below Fe-57 is endothermic

(b) all numbers written in the correct rows = 4 marks;;;; 4

any three numbers written in the correct rows = 3 marks;;;
any two numbers written in the correct rows = 2 marks;;
any one number written in the correct row = 1 mark;
e.g.

Total for Question 11 = 5 marks

 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Wednesday 20 November 2024
Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper
reference 4PH1/2P
Physics  

UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator, Equation Booklet (enclosed)

Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 70.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Write your answers neatly and in good English.
•• Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

P75953A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
V:1/1/1/1/1/
*P75953A0120*
 FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W

AREA DO
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

AREA
change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.


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22
*P75953A0220*
*P73429A0228* 


 Answer ALL questions.
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Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 This question is about nuclear decay.
(a) Which of these is the same as a beta particle?
(1)
A electromagnetic wave

B electron

C helium nucleus

D neutron

(b) Which of these is the same as an alpha particle?

(1)
A electromagnetic wave
B helium nucleus

C neutron

D proton

(c) Complete the nuclear equation for an alpha decay.

(3)

241
Am → 237
Np +   α
............

95
............ ............

(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

3
 *P75953A0320* Turn over
2 The diagram shows a rod and a cloth.

cloth

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rod

When the rod is rubbed with the cloth, the cloth becomes positively charged and the
rod becomes negatively charged.
(a) Explain how the cloth has become positively charged.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The negatively charged rod makes contact with a metal object connected to
the ground.
There is an ammeter in series with the object and the ground.
(i) Explain why the ammeter shows a current for a short time and then shows
no current.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4
*P75953A0420* 
 (ii) State the formula linking charge transferred, current and time.
(1)
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(iii) The mean current displayed on the ammeter is 6.8 × 10–6 A.

The current lasts for 3.7 ms.
Calculate the charge transferred.
(3)

charge = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C
(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

5
 *P75953A0520* Turn over
3 (a) State the principle of conservation of momentum.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The diagram shows object A and object B moving in opposite directions.
The arrows show the direction of the velocities of the two objects.

Object A
Object B

6
*P75953A0620* 
 Before the collision object A has a momentum of 39 kg m/s.
After the collision object A and object B stick together and stop moving.
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(i) State the magnitude of the momentum of object B before the collision.
(1)

momentum = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m/s

(ii) State the formula linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(iii) The mass of object A is 8.1 kg.

Calculate the velocity of object A before the collision.
(2)

velocity = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(iv) The time taken for the collision is 0.56 s.
Calculate the average force on object A.
(2)

force = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N
(v) Give the direction and magnitude of the force on object B from object A.
(2)

magnitude = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

direction = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

7
 *P75953A0720* Turn over
4 Diagram 1 shows a Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram.

–5

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0

Absolute
magnitude 5

10

15

Temperature

Diagram 1

(a) (i) Draw a cross to show the position of the Sun on the HR diagram.
(1)
(ii) In approximately 4 billion years, the Sun will enter the next stage of
its evolution.
Draw a circle on the HR diagram around the area that will include the Sun in
the next stage of its evolution.
(1)
(b) Describe the stars that are in the top left corner of the HR diagram.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
*P75953A0820* 
 (c) Diagram 2 shows how the brightness of two stars, star A and star B, changes
with time.
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These stars are called Cepheid variables.

star A = bright

Brightness

star B = less bright

0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000
Time in seconds

Diagram 2

(i) Determine the period of the variation in brightness for these stars.
(2)

period = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s
(ii) Calculate the frequency of the variation in brightness for these stars.
(2)

frequency = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

9
 *P75953A0920* Turn over
 (iii) State what is meant by the term absolute magnitude.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Star A and star B have the same absolute magnitude but star A is always
brighter than star B in the night sky.
Explain how this is possible.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

10
*P75953A01020* 
 5 Diagram 1 shows the apparatus a student uses to determine the specific heat
capacity of a liquid.
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power supply
A

lid
insulating material

liquid

electrical heater thermometer

Diagram 1
(a) Describe a suitable method the student could use to determine the specific heat
capacity of the liquid.
(5)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
 *P75953A01120* Turn over
 (b) The graph shows the student’s results.

80

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70
P Q
Temperature
in C
60

50

40

30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time in minutes

(i) What is happening to the liquid between points P and Q on the graph?
(1)

A melting

B freezing

C boiling

D condensing

(ii) Use the graph to determine the change in temperature of the liquid after
15 minutes of heating.
(1)

temperature difference = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C

12
*P75953A01220* 
 (iii) The power of the heater is 48 W and the mass of the liquid is 0.53 kg.
Calculate the specific heat capacity of the liquid.
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(3)

specific heat capacity = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J / kg °C

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

13
 *P75953A01320* Turn over
6 The diagram shows forces used to turn a tap.

8.1 N

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2.6 cm

2.6 cm
pivot

8.1 N

(a) (i) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
a pivot.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the total moment of the two forces required to turn the tap around
the pivot.
Give your answer in N cm.
(3)

total moment = ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N cm

14
*P75953A01420* 
 (b) The tap is used to put some water in a bucket.
Describe the arrangement and motion of the water particles in liquid water.
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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 7 marks)

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 *P75953A01520* Turn over
7 The photograph shows a wind turbine used for supplying energy on a large scale.

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(Source: © Pla2na / Shutterstock)

(a) (i) Describe a change in the turbine’s energy stores from when the turbine is at
rest to when it is moving at full speed.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Describe a change in the turbine’s energy stores when the wind is blowing
but the turbine moves at constant speed.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P75953A01620* 
 (b) (i) State the formula linking efficiency to useful energy output and total
energy output.
(1)
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(ii) The wind transfers 1.2 × 106 J of energy to the turbine.

The total mass of the turbine blades is 16 000 kg.
The wind causes the turbine blades to accelerate from rest to an average
speed of 7.6 m/s.
Calculate the efficiency of the turbine.
(4)

efficiency = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

17
 *P75953A01720* Turn over
8 A student investigates the speed of sound by making a loud sound in front of a large
wall a long distance away.

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The diagram shows the positions of the student and the wall.

wall

The sound reflects off the wall and back to the student.
(a) Give an appropriate method for measuring the distance between the student and
the wall.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The student uses a stopwatch to determine the time taken for the sound to travel
from them to the wall and back again.
The distance from the student to the wall is 65 m.
The student measures a time of 0.35 seconds when the sound has travelled to the
wall and back again.
Calculate the speed of sound from the student’s data.
(3)

speed of sound = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

18
*P75953A01820* 
 (c) Evaluate this method for determining an accurate value for the speed of sound.
(4)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) Explain an improvement to the student’s method.

(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 11 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

19
 *P75953A01920*
 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Wednesday 20 November 2024
Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper
reference 4PH1/2P
Physics
 

UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2P

Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.

Turn over

*P75953A*
P75953A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.

V:1/1/1/1/1/
These equations may be required for both International GCSE Physics (4PH1) and
International GCSE Combined Science (4SD0) papers.

1. Forces and Motion

distance moved
average speed =
time taken

acceleration = change in velocity a

v  u 
time taken t
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v2  u 2   2  a  s 

force = mass × acceleration F=m×a

weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g

2. Electricity

power = current × voltage P=I×V

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

voltage = current × resistance V=I×R

charge = current × time Q=I×t

energy transferred = charge × voltage E=Q×V

3. Waves

wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

sin angle of incidence  sin i

refractive index = n=
sin angle of refraction sin r

1 1
sin critical angle   sin c =
refractive index n

2 P75953A

 4. Energy resources and energy transfers

useful energy output

efficiency = ×100%
total energy output

work done = force × distance moved W=F×d

gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

GPE = m × g × h

1 1
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2 KE   m  v 2
2 2

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

5. Solids, liquids and gases

mass m
density = 
volume V

force F
pressure = p=
area A
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h×ρ×g

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p 2 × V2

8. Astrophysics

2   orbital radius 2  r

orbital speed = v
time period T

The equations on the following page will only be required for International GCSE Physics.

P75953A 3
 Turn over
These additional equations may be required in International GCSE Physics papers 2P
and 2PR.

1. Forces and Motion

momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v

force =
change in momentum
F
 mv  mu 
time taken t

moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot

5. Solids, liquids and gases

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

6. Magnetism and electromagnetism

relationship between input and output voltages for a transformer

input (primary) voltage primary turns
=
output (secondary) voltage secondary turns

input power = output power Vp Ip = Vs Is

for 100% efficiency

8. Astrophysics

change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy   0  v

=  
reference wavelength speed of light 0 0 c

END OF EQUATION LIST

4 P75953A

Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2024

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Physics (4PH1) Paper 2P
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) B - electron;

A cannot be correct as a beta particle is not an EM 1

wave
C cannot be correct as a helium nucleus is the same
as an alpha particle
D cannot be correct as a beta particle is not a
neutron

(b) B - helium nucleus;

A cannot be correct as an alpha particle is not an

EM wave
C cannot be correct as a neutron is merely a 1
constituent particle of an alpha particle
D cannot be correct as a proton is merely a
constituent particle of an alpha particle

top line: 4; 3
(c)
bottom left box: 93

bottom right box: 2;

Total for question 1= 5 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) idea of negative charge transfer; 2

cloth loses electrons; this statement alone

scores 2 marks.
allow rod takes
electrons off the cloth
for 2 marks

(b) (i) electrons flow (through metal/towards Earth)/eq ; accept ‘charge(s)’ for 2
‘electrons’
then stop flowing / eq; accept idea that rod
has discharged or has
been neutralised

(ii) charge = current × time; allow standard 1

symbols and
rearrangements e.g.
‘Q=It’
ignore ‘C’ for current
or charge

(iii) conversion of ms to s; mark independently 3

substitution; allow ECF from missing

or wrong conversion

correct evaluation; accept answer in

either decimal or
standard form
reject evaluation of
answer expressed as a
eg. fraction
charge = current × time
charge = 6.8 × 10-6 × 3.7 × 10-3
charge = 2.516 × 10-8 (C)

correct answer = 2.5 × 10-8 (C)

allow any incorrect
answer that rounds to
2.5 × 10n for 2 marks

Total for question 2 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (total) momentum before (collision) = (total) 1
momentum after (collision) / eq;

ignore equation i.e.

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 +
m 2v 2

(b) (i) 39 (kg m/s); ignore sign 1

(ii) momentum = mass × velocity; allow standard 1

symbols and
rearrangements
e.g. v = p ÷ m

(iii) substitution or rearrangement; 2

correct evaluation;

eg.
39 = 8.1 × speed
speed = 39 ÷ 8.1
speed = 4.814… (m/s)

correct answer: 4.8 (m/s) accept any answer that

rounds to 4.8
allow 5 (m/s)

(iv) substitution of time and change in momentum accept use of F = ma 2

into given formula; AND a = (v-u) ÷ t with
ECF from (iii)

correct evaluation; ignore sign

eg. force = (change in momentum) ÷ time

taken accept any answer that
force = 39 ÷ 0.56 rounds to 70 (N) for 2
force = 69.6…. (N) marks
correct answer = 70 (N)

(v) magnitude: candidate’s answer to (iv); 2

direction: right / eq;

Total for question 3 = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) X drawn anywhere in rectangle on main sequence by eye and use extreme 1
as shown below; left edge of red giant
blob as a guide

(ii) red giants in top right encircled as shown below; allow any loop that 1
overlaps correct area
only

(b) any two from: ignore reference to 2

absolute magnitude
• hot / high (surface) temperature;
• bright/ high luminosity / high power;
• white/blue-white/blue;
• high mass;

(c) (i) any attempt at an average over more than one mark independently 2
period;
answer in range 150 000 - 160 000 (s);

(ii) candidate’s answer to (i) substituted into given ignore POT for this MP 2
formula;
correct evaluation; -1 POT penalty

eg. frequency = 1 ÷ 155 000 i.e. answer in range

frequency = 6.45… × 10-6 (Hz) 6.25 – 6.67 × 10-6 (Hz)
for correct answer to
frequency = 6.5 × 10-6 (Hz) (i)
accept any answer that
rounds to 6 or 7 × 10-6
(Hz) for 2 marks

(iii) brightness of an object at a standard distance allow intensity, power, 1

(from the Earth) / eq; luminosity for
brightness AND
allow any distance for
idea of ‘standard
distance’

(iv) idea that the stars are not the same distance 2
away; allow RA
{star A/ brighter star} is nearer / eq; this statement alone
scores 2 marks

Total for question 4 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) 5

MP1 Mass found on balance; accept “scales”

reject “scale”

MP2 Time determined using

timer/stopwatch/stopclock;

MP3 temperature change determined; allow ‘determined

i.e. temperature change= final temp – initial temp time for a given
temp change’

MP4 rearrangement of formula sheet equation; accept “E = VIt” for

i.e. c = energy /(m x temp change) ‘energy supplied’
and for MP5 also

accept SHC found

using method
involving calculating
the gradient of a
temperature-time
graph
PLUS

ONE from

MP5 Energy supplied = voltmeter reading x can be awarded if

ammeter reading x time; seen for MP4
allow use of
joulemeter to
determine energy

MP6 Mass of liquid = mass of water + cup – mass of however expressed

cup; i.e. zero balaance
when empty cup on
balance

MP7 Entire experiment repeated and averaged; not just unqualified

‘repeat and average’

MP8 Liquid stirred (throughout);

MP9 Keep taking temperature after heater

switched off for max temp;
ignore reference to
insulation or lid

(b) (i) C - boiling; 1

 A cannot be correct because the substance is already
a liquid
B cannot be correct because the substance is being
heated
D cannot be correct because the substance is being
heated and is not a gas

(ii) 35 (C); 1

(iii)
ECF candidate’s time 3
taken and temp
change
energy supplied = 48 × appropriate time taken in
seconds;

rearrangement with SHC as subject; accept dimensionally

correct substitution
into formula for this
mark

condone wrong
power of ten for any
substitution
correct evaluation;

eg.:
energy supplied = 48 × 15 × 60 = 43200 J
energy supplied = m × c × (temp change) allow 39 (J/kg oC)
43200 = 0.53 × c × 35 for 2 marks (missed
c = 43200 ÷ (0.53 × 35) conversion from
c = 43200 ÷ 18.55 minutes to seconds)

c = 2328.84… (J/kg oC) allow answer that

rounds to 2.6 for 1
Correct answer = 2300 (J/kg oC) mark

allow answer that

rounds to 1300 for 3
marks

allow answer that

rounds to 4700 for 2
marks

Total for question 5 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) moment = force × (perpendicular) distance allow standard symbols and 1
rearrangements e.g. ‘F =
moment/d’
condone ‘M = F × d’

(ii) substitution into correct formula for one force; 3

attempt to combine two moments; accept however expressed

-1 POT error
correct evaluation;

eg.
moment of one force = 8.1 × 2.6 (cm) allow answers that round to
moment of one force = 21.06 (N cm) 84 for 2 marks
total moment = 21.06 × 2 = 42.12 (N cm)

correct answer = 42 (N cm)

(b) arrangement: mark can be scored from a 3

at least one from diagram
closely packed /eq; e.g. ‘all touching’, ‘not as
closely packed as the solid’
random/irregular (arrangement);

motion:
at least one from
random (motion);
idea of flow of particles; e.g. “particles slide over
each other”
ignore ‘move freely’

Total for question 6 = 7 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) kinetic energy (store); accept thermal store 2
reject ‘heat’
increases;
accept ‘KE (store) of
air/wind to KE (store) of
turbine for 2 marks

accept ‘...to KE (store)

of turbine for 1 mark
(ii) thermal (store); ignore ‘heat' 2

increases; DOP

(b) (i) efficiency = useful energy (output) ÷ total accept omission of 100% 1
energy(output) x100% accept power for energy
condone input for output
in denominator

(ii) KE = ½ m v2 seen; accept substitution 4

evaluation of KE of blades; correct KE is 462 080 (J)

substitution of candidate’s value for blades’ KE

and wind KE into efficiency equation;

evaluation of efficiency; allow correct decimal

expression

allow correct %
expression with % sign

ignore fractional final

answer

e.g.
KE of blades = ½ × 16 000 × (7.6) 2
KE of blades = 462 080 (J)
efficiency = (KE of blades/KE of wind) x 100%
efficiency = (462 080 ÷ 1 200 000) × 100%
efficiency = 38.506… %

correct answer = 39%

Total for question 7 = 9 marks
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) ignore any attempt at 2
using speed of sound

suitable instrument e.g. metre wheel, trundle wheel, condone ruler

tape measure, laser (range-finder);

repeat and take an average; allow idea of a

straight/flat tape
measure
allow idea of measuring
perpendicular to wall
allow ensuring use of
trundle wheel in a
straight line

(b) use of average speed = distance ÷ time taken; 3

substitution; scores first two MP
evaluation;

eg.:
speed = distance ÷ time taken
speed = 130 (m) ÷ 0.35 (s)
speed = 371.428… (m/s)
speed = 370 m/s
accept answer that
rounds to 190 (m/s) for
2 marks (use of 65 m)

accept answer that

rounds to 370 (m/s) for
3 marks
(c) any four from: 4

MP1 idea of original method did not repeat (and need to repeat (and
average) average)
repeating (and
averaging) would
improve experiment
MP2 mention of (human) reaction time;

MP3 critique of accuracy of distance measurement;

MP4 reference to sound becoming inaudible because

of distance;

MP5 reference to large distance reducing effect of allow RA

timing errors;

MP6 reference to uncontrolled variables; e.g.

temperature, humidity, wind, noise

ignore ‘repeat and

average’
(d) ignore use of 2
oscilloscope to
 measure wavelength or
period
ignore unqualified use
of microphone
any two from:

reduction of timing inaccuracy:

MP1 idea of datalogging (with a microphone/sound

meter);
MP2 idea of electronic start and/or stop timing (with a
microphone/sound meter);
MP3 larger distance (gives larger time);
MP4 idea of longer time may reduce effect of reaction
time;
MP5 produce a regular sound that coincides with echo;

improvement of distance measurement:

MP6 use a laser-based distance measure/use a map

(and scale) to pinpoint start and finish;

other:

MP7 idea of removing noise/wind; e.g. do the

experiment indoors, shielding a microphone, wait
for a windless time
MP8 drawing a distance-time graph for different
distances and finding gradient;

Total for question 8 = 11 marks