import java.util.

Scanner;

public class PalindromeChecker {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter a string: ");

String input = scanner.nextLine();
scanner.close();

if (isPalindrome(input)) {
System.out.println(input + " is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println(input + " is not a palindrome.");
}
}

public static boolean isPalindrome(String input) {

input = input.replaceAll("\\s", "").toLowerCase();

int left = 0;
int right = input.length() - 1;

while (left < right) {

if (input.charAt(left) != input.charAt(right)) {
return false;
}
left++;
right--;
}

return true;
}
}

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac PalindromeChecker.java

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java PalindromeChecker
Enter a string: malyalam
malyalam is not a palindrome.

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>malayalam
'malayalam' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac PalindromeChecker.java

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java PalindromeChecker
Enter a string: radar
radar is a palindrome.

8b. import java.util.Scanner;

public class CharacterCounter {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
 System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();
scanner.close();

int uppercaseCount = 0;
int lowercaseCount = 0;
int specialCharacterCount = 0;
int digitCount = 0;
int spaceCount = 0;

for (char c : input.toCharArray()) {

if (Character.isUpperCase(c)) {
uppercaseCount++;
} else if (Character.isLowerCase(c)) {
lowercaseCount++;
} else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
digitCount++;
} else if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
spaceCount++;
} else {
specialCharacterCount++;
}
}

System.out.println("Uppercase letters: " + uppercaseCount);

System.out.println("Lowercase letters: " + lowercaseCount);
System.out.println("Special characters: " + specialCharacterCount);
System.out.println("Digits: " + digitCount);
System.out.println("Blank spaces: " + spaceCount);
}
}

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22621.2506]

(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac CharacterCounter.java

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java CharacterCounter
Enter a string: My name is Kashish Jitendra jain
Uppercase letters: 3
Lowercase letters: 24
Special characters: 0
Digits: 0
Blank spaces: 5

9a
import java.util.Scanner;

class Shape {
public double calculateArea() {
return 0; // Base class method for calculating area
}
}

class Square extends Shape {

private double side;

public Square(double side) {

 this.side = side;
}

@Override
public double calculateArea() {
return side * side;
}
}

class Rectangle extends Shape {

private double length;
private double width;

public Rectangle(double length, double width) {

this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}

@Override
public double calculateArea() {
return length * width;
}
}

class Circle extends Shape {

private double radius;

public Circle(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;
}

@Override
public double calculateArea() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
}

public class AreaCalculator {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Choose a shape to calculate its area:");

System.out.println("1. Square");
System.out.println("2. Rectangle");
System.out.println("3. Circle");
System.out.print("Enter your choice (1/2/3): ");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();

Shape shape = null;

switch (choice) {
case 1:
System.out.print("Enter the side length of the square: ");
double squareSide = scanner.nextDouble();
shape = new Square(squareSide);
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("Enter the length of the rectangle: ");
double rectLength = scanner.nextDouble();
 System.out.print("Enter the width of the rectangle: ");
double rectWidth = scanner.nextDouble();
shape = new Rectangle(rectLength, rectWidth);
C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac AreaCalculator.java

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java AreaCalculator
Choose a shape to calculate its area:
1. Square
2. Rectangle
3. Circle
Enter your choice (1/2/3): 1
Enter the side length of the square: 50
Area of the selected shape: 2500.0

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>

9b
import java.util.Scanner;

class Shape {
public double calculateArea() {
return 0; // Base class method for calculating area
}
}

class Square extends Shape {

private double side;

public Square(double side) {

this.side = side;
}

@Override
public double calculateArea() {
return side * side;
}
}

class Rectangle extends Shape {

private double length;
private double width;

public Rectangle(double length, double width) {

this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}

@Override
public double calculateArea() {
return length * width;
}
}

class Circle extends Shape {

private double radius;

public Circle(double radius) {

 this.radius = radius;
}

@Override
public double calculateArea() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
}

public class AreaCalculators {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("Choose a shape to calculate its area:");

System.out.println("1. Square");
System.out.println("2. Rectangle");
System.out.println("3. Circle");
System.out.print("Enter your choice (1/2/3): ");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();

Shape shape = null;

switch (choice) {
case 1:
System.out.print("Enter the side length of the square: ");
double squareSide = scanner.nextDouble();
shape = new Square(squareSide);
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("Enter the length of the rectangle: ");
double rectLength = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the width of the rectangle: ");
double rectWidth = scanner.nextDouble();
shape = new Rectangle(rectLength, rectWidth);
break;
case 3:
System.out.print("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
double circleRadius = scanner.nextDouble();
shape = new Circle(circleRadius);
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid choice.");
}

if (shape != null) {
System.out.println("Area of the selected shape: " +
shape.calculateArea());
}

scanner.close();
}
}

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac AreaCalculators.java

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java AreaCalculators
Choose a shape to calculate its area:
1. Square
2. Rectangle
3. Circle
Enter your choice (1/2/3): 2
Enter the length of the rectangle: 15
Enter the width of the rectangle: 20
Area of the selected shape: 300.0

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>3
'3' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac AreaCalculators.java

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java AreaCalculators
Choose a shape to calculate its area:
1. Square
2. Rectangle
3. Circle
Enter your choice (1/2/3): 3
Enter the radius of the circle: 50
Area of the selected shape: 7853.981633974483

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>

10.
public class ExceptionHandlingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Attempt to perform some operations that may throw exceptions
int result = divideByZero(); // Division by zero
String nullString = null; // Null pointer
int[] array = new int[5];
int value = array[10]; // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
// Handle the ArithmeticException
System.out.println("ArithmeticException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
// Handle the NullPointerException
System.out.println("NullPointerException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
// Handle the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: " +
e.getMessage());
}
}

public static int divideByZero() {

int numerator = 10;
int denominator = 0;
return numerator / denominator;
}
}

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22621.2506]

(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac ExceptionHandlingexample.java
C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java ExceptionHandlingExample
ArithmeticException: / by zero

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>

12a
public class ThreadName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create the first thread
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new MyRunnable(), "Thread-1");

// Create the second thread

Thread thread2 = new Thread(new MyRunnable(), "Thread-2");

// Start both threads

thread1.start();
thread2.start();

// Fetch and print the names of the threads

String thread1Name = thread1.getName();
String thread2Name = thread2.getName();

System.out.println("Thread 1 name: " + thread1Name);

System.out.println("Thread 2 name: " + thread2Name);
}
}

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread running: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java ThreadName
Thread 1 name: Thread-1
Thread 2 name: Thread-2
Thread running: Thread-2
Thread running: Thread-1

12b
public class MyThread {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Runnable r = new Runnable1();
Thread t = new Thread(r);
t.start();
Runnable r2 = new Runnable2();
Thread t2 = new Thread(r2);
t2.start();
}
}

class Runnable2 implements Runnable {

public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 1)
 System.out.println(i);
}
}
}

class Runnable1 implements Runnable {

public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0)
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>javac MyThread
error: Class names, 'MyThread', are only accepted if annotation processing is
explicitly requested
1 error

C:\Users\Kashish\OneDrive\Desktop>java MyThread
0
2
4
6
8
10
1
3
5
7
9

15.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class RegistrationFormAWT {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("Registration Form");
frame.setSize(400, 250);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(6, 2));

Label firstNameLabel = new Label("First Name:");

TextField firstNameField = new TextField(20);

Label lastNameLabel = new Label("Last Name:");

TextField lastNameField = new TextField(20);

Label emailLabel = new Label("Email:");

TextField emailField = new TextField(20);

Label passwordLabel = new Label("Password:");

TextField passwordField = new TextField(20);
passwordField.setEchoChar('*'); // Set echo character to hide the password

Button submitButton = new Button("Submit");

Button cancelButton = new Button("Cancel");

// Action listener for the Submit button

 submitButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String firstName = firstNameField.getText();
String lastName = lastNameField.getText();
String email = emailField.getText();
String password = passwordField.getText();

// Perform registration logic here

// For now, we'll just display the entered data
showMessage("Registration Successful\n" +
"First Name: " + firstName + "\n" +
"Last Name: " + lastName + "\n" +
"Email: " + email);
}
});

// Action listener for the Cancel button

cancelButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int choice = showConfirmation("Are you sure you want to cancel
registration?");
if (choice == 0) {
System.exit(0);
}
}
});

frame.add(firstNameLabel);
frame.add(firstNameField);
frame.add(lastNameLabel);
frame.add(lastNameField);
frame.add(emailLabel);
frame.add(emailField);
frame.add(passwordLabel);
frame.add(passwordField);
frame.add(submitButton);
frame.add(cancelButton);

frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {
System.exit(0);
}
});

frame.setVisible(true);
}

// Helper method to display a message dialog

private static void showMessage(String message) {
Dialog messageDialog = new Dialog(new Frame(), "Message", true);
Label label = new Label(message);
messageDialog.add(label);
messageDialog.setSize(300, 100);
messageDialog.setVisible(true);
}

// Helper method to display a confirmation dialog

private static int showConfirmation(String message) {
Dialog confirmDialog = new Dialog(new Frame(), "Confirmation", true);
 Label label = new Label(message);
confirmDialog.add(label);

Button yesButton = new Button("Yes");

Button noButton = new Button("No");
confirmDialog.add(yesButton);
confirmDialog.add(noButton);

yesButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
confirmDialog.dispose();
}
});

noButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
confirmDialog.dispose();
}
});

confirmDialog.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));

confirmDialog.setSize(300, 100);
confirmDialog.setVisible(true);

return 0; // Return 0 for 'Yes' (in this example)

}
}