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PPT

This term paper discusses Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), a widely used thermoplastic material known for its durability and cost-effectiveness, with applications in construction, electrical, automotive, medical, and consumer goods. It covers the manufacturing process, properties, and major engineering challenges associated with PVC production, highlighting the global production landscape and key manufacturers in India. The document also references various sources for further reading on PVC and its applications.

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nayakharsh176
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33 views

PPT

This term paper discusses Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), a widely used thermoplastic material known for its durability and cost-effectiveness, with applications in construction, electrical, automotive, medical, and consumer goods. It covers the manufacturing process, properties, and major engineering challenges associated with PVC production, highlighting the global production landscape and key manufacturers in India. The document also references various sources for further reading on PVC and its applications.

Uploaded by

nayakharsh176
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

TERM PAPER ON

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
SUBJECT:PETROLEUM REFINING AND PETROCHEMICALS
(SUBJECT CODE:3160510)

PREPARED BY: GUIDED BY:


230173105011 PATEL DHRUV KALPESHKUMAR R.R. MERCHANT
230173105013 PRAJAPATI DIXIT HITENDRABHAI (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
230173105014 PRAJAPATI SHIVAM MAHESHKUMAR DR. DOLLY GANDHI
230173105017 THAKER KANDARP VIMAL (ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


VISHWAKARMA GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE,CHANDKHEDA
INDEX

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
USES
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
FLOWSHEET
MAJOR ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) – Versatile Thermoplastic material


obtained from polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
PVC is the third most used plastic after polyethylene and
polypropylene.
Due to its durability, strength and cost-effectiveness it
has wide applications.
Two main types: -Rigid PVC (pipes, window profiles )
- Flexible PVC ( flooring, cables)
WORLDWIDE PRODUCTION

PVC, finds many industrial


applications, among the largest are
PVC tubes, pipes, fittings, plastic
PVC profiles, cables, etc.
Global Production (approx.):
• Asia Pacific - 60%
• Europe – 13%
• North America – 10%
• Latin America & Middle east – 17%
Top 5 polyvinyl chloride producing countries include
China, USA, Germany, Japan, France.
China and India will be responsible for the most of growth
construction industry will continue to be the driving force
for world PVC market.
PRODUCTION IN INDIA
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF PVC IN INDIA:
Manufacturers Capacity(KT)
RELIANCE Industries Pvt. Ltd. 750

CHEMPLAST Sanmar Ltd. 270

FINOLEX Industries Ltd. 260

DCW Ltd. 90

DCM SHRIRAM 70
PROPERTIES
PROPERTY Typical Value

Appearance White , rigid or flexible plastic

Density 1.3-1.45 g/cm³

Melting Point 160-210 °C

Glass Transition Temperature 80°C(rigid PVC)

Tensile Strength 40-60 MPa

Thermal Conductivity 0.19 W/mK


USES

Construction: Pipes, fittings, window frames, roofing


sheets.
Electrical: Cable insulation, conduit pipes.
Automotive: Dashboard panels, underbody coatings.
Medical: IV bags, tubing.
Consumer Goods: Flooring, synthetic leather, packaging
films.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
CHEMICAL REACTION:
POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL MONOMER

VINYL MONOMER POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

Temperature – 160-180 °C
Pressure – 1000 kPa
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Monomer Emulsion: Monomer is emulsified in water with surfactants
like ammonium salts, sulphonates, or stearates.
Initiation: A water-soluble initiator (e.g., persulphate) and buffer (pH
~4) are added to the aqueous phase.
Polymerization: The mixture is polymerized in an autoclave at
800–1000 kN/m²(kPa) and low temperature(160-180°C) for ~6 hours.
Modifier Use: CCl₄ is added to prevent polymer branching.
Coagulation: Latex (35–40% polymer) is discharged and coagulated
using electrolytes.
Finishing: Solvent is stripped, and the polymer is washed, dried, and
granulated.
FLOWSHEET
MAJOR ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
Heat Control: PVC polymerization is exothermic, requiring
efficient cooling to avoid thermal runaway.
Particle Size Distribution: Suspension stability is crucial;
improper stirring leads to agglomeration or uneven particle
sizes.
Reactor Fouling & Scaling: Polymer deposits inside reactors
reduce efficiency, requiring frequent cleaning.
Residual Monomer Removal: Unreacted vinyl chloride monomer
(VCM) is toxic and must be efficiently removed to meet safety
standards.
Environmental & Safety Issues: VCM is carcinogenic, and strict
emission controls are needed to prevent leaks.
REFERENCES
► Polymer Science and Technology by P.GHOSH
► Strong A. Brent(1996), Plastics Material and Processing 3rd
Edition, New Jersey, Pearson Education.
► Polymer Science and Technology by JOEL R.FRIED
► Plastics Technology Handbook by Manas Chanda & Salil K. Roy
► Cohan, G. F. (1975). Industrial preparation of poly(vinyl
chloride). Environmental Health Perspectives
► Braun, D. (2001). PVC — Origin, Growth, and Future. Journal of
Vinyl and Additive Technology
THANK YOU

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