Scribd
Upload
8 views

Revision Notes on

The document provides an overview of light, its properties, and its behavior, including reflection and the formation of images by mirrors and lenses. It explains the concepts of concave and convex mirrors, their applications, and the characteristics of images they produce. Additionally, it discusses the phenomenon of rainbows and the spectrum of light, as well as Newton's disc demonstrating color mixing.

Uploaded by

gurdeepsambhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Revision Notes on

The document provides an overview of light, its properties, and its behavior, including reflection and the formation of images by mirrors and lenses. It explains the concepts of concave and convex mirrors, their applications, and the characteristics of images they produce. Additionally, it discusses the phenomenon of rainbows and the spectrum of light, as well as Newton's disc demonstrating color mixing.

Uploaded by

gurdeepsambhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Revision Notes on Light

What is light?
Light is a radiation or a form of energy that our eyes can detect. Light enables us
to view our surroundings. Light travels from one place to another in a straight
line.

For instance, if you look at the flame of a candle with a straight pipe, we can
easily view the candle. However, if we bend the pipe, we cannot view the candle
and the light coming through it because it is blocked.

Reflection of Light
 Whenever light hits an object it is either absorbed or reflected back.

 Reflection of light can be defined as the phenomenon of an object


throws back the light that falls on it. Hence, the reflection of light
changes its path.
 A mirror is generally any shiny surface that can reflect back light.
 A mirror that has a plane surface is called a Plane Mirror.
 A mirror that is curved, it either bulges in or out, is called a Curved
Mirror.
What is an image?
 As a mirror reflects light, an image of the object that is in front of the
mirror is formed on it.
 The image of an object can be defined as the impression of the object
created by the light on the mirror.

 The distance between the image and the mirror, and the object and the
mirror always remain the same.

 If we increase or decrease the distance between the object and the


mirror, the distance between the image and the mirror also increases or
decreases, respectively.

 However, the size of the image formed on the mirror can vary with
respect to the distance between the object and the mirror.

 If the distance between the object and the mirror increases, the size of
the image decreases and vice-versa.

 An image is said to be erect if the image is formed the same side up as


that of the object.
 The image will be called Inverted if it is formed upside-down compared
to the object.

Left-right inversion of the image


The image formed by the mirror is always left-right inverted. This means that the
right side of the object appears as the left side of the image, and the left side of
the object appears at the right side of the image.

Why the word ‘AMBULANCE’ is painted on an ambulance left-right


inverted?
This is because of the left-right inversion of the image on a mirror. The word
ambulance written as left-right inverted would, therefore, be read easily by the
driver of the vehicle ahead of the ambulance in its rearview mirror. The rear-view
mirror will again invert the word left-right wise.

The Laws of Reflection of Light


 Incident Ray - The light ray that falls on the reflecting surface is called
an Incident Ray.
 Reflected Ray –The light ray that gets reflected back from a reflecting
surface is called a Reflected Ray.
 Normal - It is a line that is perpendicular to the reflected plane at the
point of incidence of Incident Ray.

Figure 7: Incident Ray, Reflected Ray and Normal


Types of Reflection
Depending upon the surface of the reflecting object, the reflection of light can
vary.

 Diffused Reflection or Irregular Reflection: In this type of reflection,


the light rays that fall on the surface are reflected back in different
directions irregularly. This generally happens in the case of an irregular
or roughly surfaced object.
 Regular Reflection: In this type of reflection, the light rays that fall on
the surface of the reflecting object reflect back in a particular direction.
The reflected rays are always parallel to each other. This generally
happens in case of a smooth and shiny surface.
]
Spherical Mirrors
Spherical mirror, as the name suggests, has a sphere-like shape. It appears as if it
is a part of a sphere. There are two types of spherical mirrors:

 Concave Mirror - It is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is


curved inwards.
 Convex Mirror - It is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is
curved outwards.

The Image formed by a Concave and Convex Mirror


An image can be of two types:
Real Image Virtual Image

The real image is formed when the light rays A virtual image is formed when light rays reflect
reflect and meet at the same point. and diverge from the same point.
It can be viewed on a screen. It cannot be viewed on the screen.
It is always inverted. It is always erect.
Formed by Concave mirror Formed by Convex, Concave and Plane Mirrors
The image formed by a concave mirror has the following properties:
 It can either be real or virtual.

 It can either be inverted or erect.

 It can have the same size as that of the object, a larger size that of the
object or smaller size than that of the object.

The image formed by a convex mirror has the following properties:


 It is always virtual.

 It is always upright (erect).

 It is smaller in size as that of the object

Applications of Concave Mirrors:


 Satellite dishes use a concave mirror to gather all the signals and reflect
them on a certain point.

 Dentists use a concave mirror to reflect light on a particular tooth.

 Shaving Mirrors are concave in shape.

 Headlights of a car have a concave mirror so that we can reflect back


light straight on the path.

 Torches also use concave Mirrors.

Applications of Convex Mirrors


 The rear-view mirrors are convex mirrors as they provide a wider view of
the road behind.

 Security mirrors near an ATM are convex so that the user can detect
easily if anyone else is watching from behind or not.

Lenses
A lens is a part of a reflecting material like glass or plastic but curved from both
sides. Lenses are unlike mirrors that have a reflecting surface only on one side.
Depending upon its shape a lens can be categorized as:

 Convex Lens - A Convex Lens is curved outwards. It is thicker in the


center and narrows down at the edges. It merges the light rays passing
through it at a certain point. Therefore, it is also called a Converging
Lens.
 Concave Lens - A Concave Lens is curved inwards. It has wider edges
and a thinner Centre. It reflects back the light that travels through it in
different directions. Therefore, it is also called a Diverging Lens.

Images formed by Convex and Concave Lenses


A Convex lens forms an image that is:
 real

 inverted

 the image is large and appears close to the lens

A Concave lens forms an image that is:


 virtual

 erect

 small and appears far away

Sunlight
What is a Rainbow?

 A rainbow is a natural phenomenon in which the light rays of the sun are
reflected and refracted by the water droplets present in the atmosphere.

 A rainbow appears as an arc on the sky that contains a band of seven


colors – Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

 This also means that the white light of the sun contains seven colored
lights in it that separate out due to refraction (called a Spectrum of
Lights). This spectrum of white light can be seen in the following:
o Rainbows

o Soap bubbles
o Surface of a CD

o Prisms

Newton's Disc

 The Newton’s disc can be obtained by dividing a disk into 7 partitions and
painting each of them with the seven colors of the rainbow. When the disc
is rotated at a fast pace in daylight all the colors tend to mix together and
the disc appears whitish in color.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy