Unit 3
Unit 3
Tourist Destination
Unit 3
Tabla de contenidos
TOURIST GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE 1
The climate of Europe 1
Vegetation of Europe 2
Vegetation of Europe. Protected natural environments 4
Cultural diversity of Europe. Cultures, people and languages 5
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Responsible tourism, that appeals to tourists that appreciate and respect the environment,
historical heritage and living expressions of the locals when they travel, along with mixing with
local people.
Sustainable tourism, which involves that the member states, the tourism destinations and the
companies commit to the “Global Code of Ethics for Tourism”, as the way to maximize the
positive economic, social and cultural effects and minimize the negative environmental and
social impacts.
An universally accessible tourism, even for people with disabilities or impairments; paying
particular attention to the interests of developing countries.
Although there are various models for dividing the Earth, the most widespread is the one that
recognizes six continents: Africa, America, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and Oceania.
The UNWTO, for its part, divides the Earth into the following UNWTO regions and subregions
for tourism purposes.
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Central Africa
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The division of the world into continents and that established into UNWTO regions is very
similar, as both are based on geographical criteria, but there are identifiable differences. Why?
Because in addition to the geographical criterion, the UNWTO uses the socio-cultural
criterion, that is, it unites into regions and subregions countries that, despite belonging to
different continents, share cultural traits such as religion, ethnicities or traditions, and social
ties.
However, Europe is made up of no less than 49 countries, including the city-state of the
Vatican, with general recognition in the UN, making it a territorially complex continent.
Furthermore, it is a highly populated continent, with a population that exceeds 730 million
inhabitants, representing 11% of the world’s population, a fact that places it in the second
continent with the highest population density (inhab. / km²), after Asia. Within the European
continent, an international organization, the European Union, hereinafter EU, plays a crucial
role, driving the economy and society of most of Europe.
● European Commission: the common interest, that is, of all Member States.
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Among the achievements that the EU has achieved for its citizens within the framework of the
single market, we must highlight:
● The implementation and use of the single currency: the euro, in a majority of the
member states that make up the so-called Eurozone or Euro Zone.
● Free movement of citizens, thanks to the Schengen agreement that has allowed the
abolition of border controls between the majority of EU member countries, resulting in
the liberalization of European airspace. On the contrary, this agreement has brought
with it the existence of stricter controls at the borders external to said common
market.
● Free circulation of goods, services and capital, within the single market, making it
possible, among other things, to buy and carry any merchandise for personal use when
traveling between member countries.
● Facilitate the mobility of the European teaching and student community to continue or
complete their studies and training in other member countries, as well as promote
cultural and educational exchange of the European educational communities, thanks to
the well-known Erasmus, Leonardo, Grundtvig, Comenius programs, etc. All this has
resulted in greater mobility of European citizens within the single market.
Atlantic/oceanic climate
● It develops in the regions open to the Atlantic, located to the north and northwest of
the Alps, as well as the northern part of the large Mediterranean peninsulas.
● The influence of air masses from the North Atlantic provides continuous humidity and
precipitation throughout the year.
Continental climate
● It develops in the plains of Eastern Europe, north and east of the Carpathians and the
Black Sea, in addition to much of Eastern Europe.
● The influence of the winter masses of cold and dry air of continental origin, continental
anticyclone, slow down the influence of the Atlantic masses, resulting in cold, dry and
clear winters.
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● In spring, with the decrease in high pressure over the eastern plains, the effect of the
continental anticyclone decreases, allowing the entry of Atlantic air masses, which
bring precipitation.
Mediterranean climate
● It develops in southern Europe, in the peninsulas near the Mediterranean Sea: Iberian,
Italian and Balkan.
● The tropical anticyclone that dominates the area in the summer period generates
summers of great climatic stability, dry and warm.
● In winter, this anticyclone is interrupted with the arrival of air masses of Atlantic
origin, responsible for the rainy winter season, typical of this area.
● In addition, there are two other very localized climatic areas on the continent:
● It is characterized by long winters with extreme temperatures, and short, hot summers.
Precipitation, normally in the form of snow, is abundant throughout the year,
increasing with altitude.
Polar climate.
● It stands out for its temperatures below 0ºC most of the year, high humidity, intense
wind and very little rainfall.
Vegetation of Europe
Las variadas condiciones climáticas del continente europeo traen consigo paisajes
bioclimáticos o biomas muy variados y distribuidos por todo el continente. Veamos los más
significativos:
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La tundra
● Bioma de subsuelo helado, con suelos cubiertos de musgo y líquenes que afloran en
verano fruto del deshielo, y desprovisto de árboles naturales, además de acoger
frecuentes humedales ácidos, fruto de la influencia del clima polar.
● Tiene cobijo en la llanura de Europa Central, donde llega la influencia templada del
océano Atlántico, así como en la región balcánica.
● Bioma que alberga árboles caducifolios muy variados de hojas anchas, como hayas,
arces, castaños, robles, etc.
La estepa eurasiática
● Bioma que comprende una vegetación de hierbas bajas y matorrales, propia de climas
extremos y escasas precipitaciones.
● Uno de los mejores ejemplos de este tipo de paisaje bioclimático es la estepa de Bugac,
en el parque nacional de Kiskunság, Hungría, declarada Reserva de la Biosfera.
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● Un buen ejemplo de este tipo de bioma lo representa el parque nacional del Cilento y
Valle de Diano, en Italia, declarado Reserva de la Biosfera.
La vegetación de montaña
● Unos de los máximos exponentes de los ecosistemas montañosos europeos son los
Alpes suizos Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn, declarados bien natural Patrimonio de la
Humanidad.
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Sólo en la UE se hablan 24 lenguas oficiales. Si hablamos del continente europeo, este número
es muy superior. A pesar de la cantidad, muchas de estas lenguas son parecidas entre sí, al
tener un origen común. En Europa existen tres grandes grupos lingüísticos:
● Lenguas bálticas, habladas en dos de las tres Repúblicas bálticas, Letonia y Lituania,
donde se incluyen las lenguas del letón y el lituano, respectivamente.
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En Europa se profesan hoy día las siguientes religiones, todas ellas monoteístas:
● Las casas de madera del centro y norte de Europa, entre las que se incluyen las casas de
colores escandinavas, las casas abalconadas suizas y las grandes casas abuhardilladas
alemanas de tejados a dos aguas y numerosos ventanales.
● Las casas de estilo Tudor, de muros edificados manualmente con soleras de madera y
mampuestos (colocación manual), de ahí sus fachadas irregulares, y las granjas y casas
inglesas de tejados de juncos, ambas en Inglaterra (Reino Unido).
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A día de hoy, cerca de 70 de las 200 prácticas y expresiones culturales mundiales incluidas por
la UNESCO en la lista mundial del patrimonio cultural intangible, entre las que se incluyen la
artesanía, danzas, cantos profanos y litúrgicos o festivales, se desarrollan en Europa. Algunas
de dichas prácticas superan las fronteras nacionales, al ser comúnmente cultivadas en varios
países, como:
● La cetrería, que es el arte milenario de cazar con aves rapaces, especialmente con
halcones y azores para la captura de otras aves y animales de tierra, se cultiva en
determinados países del mundo, entre los que se encuentran los países europeos de
Bélgica, Francia, España y República Checa.
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