CLAVICLE

MED border of clavicle

LAT border of clavicle
shaft of clavicle
sternoclavicular (SC) joint
acromioclavicular (AC) joint
SCAPULA
vertebral (MED) border
axillary (LAT) border
SUP angle
INF angle
spine
base of spine
acromion process
coracoid process
supraspinous fossa (**)
infraspinous fossa(**)
subscapularis fossa (**)
PROXIMAL HUMERUS
head of humerus
surgical neck (**)
intertubercular groove
greater tubercle of humerus
lesser tubercle of humerus
deltoid tuberosity
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
subacromial bursa (**)
subdeltoid bursa (**)
axillary lymph nodes
brachial artery (POST to coracobrachialis)
MUSCLES
trapezius (upper fibers)
trapezius (middle fibers)
trapezius (lower fibers)
levator scapula
rhomboids (major)
rhomboids (minor)
latissimus dorsi

pectoralis major (upper) / clavicular portion

pectoralis major (lower)/ sternocostal portion
serratus anterior

deltoid (ANT)
deltoid (middle)
deltoid (POST)
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
subscapularis
long head of biceps
short head of biceps
coracobrachialis
long head of triceps

DISTAL HUMERUS
MED epicondyle
MED supracondylar line
LAT epicondyle
LAT supracondylar line
trochlea
olecranon fossa
coronoid fossa (**)
capitulum (**)
FOREARM
olecranon process
head of radius
shaft of radius
styloid process of radius
head of ulna
shaft of ulna
styloid process of ulna
olecranon fossa
coronoid process (**)
MUSCULAR / NERVOUS structures
radial nerve (in spiral groove of humerus)
ulnar nerve (behind medial epicondyle)
brachial artery (in upper arm and cubital fossa)
median nerve (in cubital fossa)
MUSCLES - wrist FLX & PRON
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis (distal tendon)
palmaris longus (distal tendon)
MUSCLES - wrist EXT
extensor carpi radialis longus (distal tendon)
extensor carpi radialis brevis (distal tendon)
MUSCLES
brachialis
brachioradialis
TENDONS / LIGAMENTS / BURSA
biceps tendon
triceps tendon
MCL (medial collateral ligament)
LCL (lateral collateral ligament)
annular ligament
olecranon bursa (**)

BONY LANDMARKS of WRIST/HAND

Lister's tubercle
INF radioulnar joint
scaphoid
scaphoid tubercle
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
lunate
hamate
hook of hamate
triquetrum
pisiform
radiocarpal joint
midcarpal joint
metacarpals (head, shaft, base)
phalanges (head, shaft, base)
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS of WRIST/HAND
anatomical snuffbox
radial artery
ulnar artery
carpal tunnel
tunnel of Guyon
ulnar nerve (**)
cutaneous branch of superficial radial nerve
thenar eminence
hypothenar eminence
interosseus space (1-4)
MUSCLES
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digiti mini
Extensor indicis
extensor digitorum communis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
flexor pollicis longus
flexor pollicis brevis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor carpi radialis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
first lumbrical
dorsal interossei
abductor digiti minimi

BONY LANDMARKS of HEAD/NECK

occipital bone
parietal bone
inion
superior nuchal line
mastoid process
spinous processes of C2-C7
cervical transverse processes
cervical facet joints
1st rib
BONY LANDMARKS of T-L-S spine
thoracic spinous processes (T1,T3,T7,T12)
lumbar spinous processes (L1,L4,L5)
facet joints (**)
costotransverse facets
sacral triangle
PSIS
sacral base
sacroiliac joints
S2 spinous process (PSIS)
L4-L5 and L5-S1 interspaces
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
greater occiptial nerve
nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae)
supraspinous ligament
lymph nodes of POST cervical region
MUSCLES
Sacrospinalis Group
sacrospinalis - iliocostalis
sacrospinalis - longissimus
sacrospinalis - spinalis
splenius capitis
subocciptal muscle
multifidus

BONY LANDMARK of THORACIC WALL

suprasternal (jugular) notch
sternum (manubrium)
sternum (body)
sternum (xiphoid process)
sternal angle
costal cartilages (1-7)
2nd, 10th, 12th ribs
sternocostal joints
costal angle
BONY LANDMARK of ABDOMINAL WALL
ASIS
superior pubic rami
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
intercostal spaces
linea alba
linea semilunaris
MUSCLES
external intercostal
internal intercostal
rectus abdominis
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
inguinal ligament

BONY LANDMARKS of PELVIS / HIP

anterior superior iliac spine … ASIS
anterior inferior iliac spine … AIIS (**)
iliac crest
iliac tubercle
superior pubic rami
symphysis pubis
ischial tuberosity
BONY LANDMARKS of PROXIMAL FEMUR
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter (**)
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
inguinal ligament
ischial bursa (**)
trochanteric bursa (**)
femoral triangle
femoral artery
femoral lymph nodes
sciatic nerve
MUSCLES
iliopsoas
piriformis
adductor longus
gluteus medius
rectus femoris
pectineus (**)
tensor fascia lata
gluteus maximus
sartorius

BONY LANDMARKS of KNEE

MED & LAT joint line
MED & LAT femoral epicondyles
MED femoral condyle
LAT femoral condyle
adductor tubercle
trochlear groove of the femur
patella (SUP & INF poles) (ANT, MED & LAT surface)
head of fibula
MED & LAT tibial condyles / plateaus
tibial tubercle
Gerdy's tubercle (LAT tibial tubercle)
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
popliteal fossa & artery
prepatellar bursae / suprapatella bursae (**)
superficial & deep infrapatellar bursae (**)
infrapatella ligament / tendon
Iliotibial band (IT band)
MED & LAT meniscus
MED collateral ligament (MCL)
LAT (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)
MUSCLES
sartorius
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis / VMO
adductor magnus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
gracilis
MED & LAT heads of gastrocnemius

BONY LANDMARKS of LEG/ANKLE

head of fibula
shaft of fibula
shaft of tibia
MED & LAT malleoli
talus (head)
talus (neck)
talus (dome)
talus (body)
calcaneus (body)
calcaneus (fibular tuberlce)
calcaneus (sustentaculum tali)
JOINTS
tibiofibular
ankle joint
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
common fibular nerve
tendoachilles
posterior tibial artery
dorsalis pedis artery
tendocalcaneal bursa (**)
deltoid ligament
sinus tarsi
ANT talofibular ligament (ATF)
calcaneofibular ligament (CF)
MUSCLES
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
fibularis tertius
gastrocnmius
soleus
tibialis ANT
tibialis POST
flexor hallucis longus
extensor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
extensor digitorum longus

BONY LANDMARKS of FOOT

cuboid
navicular
navicular tubercle
midtarsal joint (talonavicular)
midtarsal joint (calcaneocuboid)
1st (MED) cuneiform
2nd (INT) cuneiform
3rd (LAT) cuneiform
metatarsals 1-5 (base, shaft, head)
tarsometatarsal joint 1-5
phalanges (of all digits)
sesamoid bone of 1st metatarsal
metatarsophalangeal joint (of all digits)
interphalangeal joint (of all digits)
SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS
calcaneofibular ligament
deltoid ligament
calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
plantar aponeurosis
heel pad
MUSCLES
extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
dorsal interossei
obvious
obvious
obvious
medial clavicle border, find joint space
clavicle laterally, easy to palpate if push in medial direction against thickness at end of clavicle, flex & extend shoulder to feel m

obvious
obvious
put arm behind the back
put arm behind the back
move posteriorly and medially from acromion
medial side @ level of T3
point of shoulder … follow clavicle out to AC joint
deepest portion of clavicular concavity, 1 inch from anterior edge of clavicle, press laterally and posteriorly, deep to pec major
know on skeleton (supraspinatus lies in this space)
know on skeleton (infraspinatus lies in this space)
know on skeleton (subcapularis lies in this space)

go to acromion and drop off onto head

(unable to palpate)
internal / external rotation of humerus … feel biceps tendon move within groove
internal rotation to make prominent
external rotation to make prominent
find deltoid muscles and go to inferior point where they meet. ..move off acromion, move INF

find acromion, extend humerus, palpate under acromion

dig into deltoid, extend humerus, palpate under deltoid
abduction of humerus, dig under pec major, and adduct humerus
abduct arm to 90, palpate mid arm, under bicep

shurg shoulders up and feel muscle

thumbs up with arms abducted to 90, resist motion
thumbs up with arms abducted above head (130), resist motion
neck triangle between mastoid and clavicle find mastoid process, 4 fingerbreaths inferiorly (EXT & rotation, restist combined m
thumbs down with arms abducted to 90, resist motion
same as major
arms to the side and extend humerus, resist motion
...lying supine adduct and medially rotate arm with thumbs up ... EXT arm and resist
horizontal adduction with resistance in supine
oblique adduction with resistance in supine
protraction, provide resistance
… FLX humerus to 90 and ext. arm with closed fist. Clasp hands and ask pt to push against you while observing ribs 1-8 for c
flex arm
abduct past 20 degrees
extend arm with hands in neutral postion and thumbs anteriorly
drop off lateral acromion
off lateral acromion, move posteriorly
off lateral acromion, move more posteriorly
arm behind back, extend arm, some external rotation
contraction on lesser tubercle, internal rotation
in bicipital groove
coracoid process, flex with resistance
horizontal adduct against resistance in abducted position
push down on table

medial side of distal end of humerus

proximal to medial epicondyle, short bony ridge, covered by thick origin of wrist flexor muscles, not very distinct
lateral of side of distal end of humerus
easier than medial to find, extends almost to deltoid tuberosity
medial side of distal end of humerus, tracks with trochlear notch
distal humerus, forearm must be flexed
anterior, in cubital fossa
lateral side of distal humerus, tracks with head of radius

large process at proximal end of ulna

lateral side
lateral side
distal lateral forearm
distal medial forearm
palpable along medial forearm
large bump at wrist
distal humerus, forearm must be flexed
anterior part of trochlear notch of ulna

in spiral groove of humerus between flexor and extensor compartments of arm approx. in upper 1/3 of humerus
between medial epicondyle and olecranon process, feels soft round and tubular. "groove" of medial epicondyle
medial to biceps tendon
medial to brachial artery

according to book: not distinctly palpable

Flex and radially deviate the hand. Radial to palmaris longus tendon. Palmate proximally until it becomes indistinct beneath th
flex wrist and oppose pinky and thumb, prominent in midline of anterior wrist, palpate up forearm to wrist

have pt make fist as offer resistance to dorsum of hand, wrist extension, proximal to 2nd and 3rd metacarpal, palpate proxima
same as longus

pronate, feel under biceps while resisting forearm flexion

neutral position with fist, push against table or resistance, muscle pops up

close fist in supination under edge of table and try to lift table
goes into olecranon process
fan shaped, from medial epicondyle to medial margin of ulnar trochlear notch, not directly palpable (check for tenderness)
rope like structure from lateral epicondyle to side of annular ligament
cups radial head and neck
covers olecranon bursa, thin at apex of olecranon

longitudinal prominence at distal end of radius, 1/3 of the way across dorsum of wrist
stabilize one side, and move the other, feel for movement
ulnar deviate, in snuff box
on palmar side, bony tubercle, look at pic in book
Immediately proximal to thenar emminance, and distal to the snuffbox. Instruct pt to flex and extend thumb. Metacarpal head s
Towards the ulnar side of the trapezium. Heart shaped. In line with first digit.
go to lunate, move distally, in line with 3rd finger
sticks out during wrist flexion, disappears in wrist extension, in line with 3rd metacarpal
flat one on ulnar side
on palmar side, lateral and distal to pisiform (push down and in)
distal to ulnar styloid process, radially deviate so can move out from underm also lies under pisiform
palmar side, ulnar side, most prominent
between scaphoid, lunate and radius, find joint space
joint space between two rows of carpals
palm of hand
fingers

ulnar deviate and extend thumb, abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicus brevis on radial side, extensor pollicus longus on
within anatomical snuff box
proximal to pisiform, just before the artery passes the ulna
deep to palmaris longus, defined by 4 palpable bony prominences: pisiform and tubercle of scaphoid, hook of hamate and tub
between hook of hamate and pisiform
in canal of guyon
runs over anatomical snuff box
at base of thumb, composed of abductor pollicus brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis (deep)
proximal to little finger, extends longitudinally to pisiform, 3 muscles: abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti, flexor digiti minimi
between metacarpals

Ulnarly deviate and extend the wrist. Palpable across the ulnar styloid to insertion of 5th metacarpal base.
slight indentation just radial to ulnar styloid process. Have pt place hand on table and raise little finger. (palpate higher than uln
Have pt place the hand on the table in a hex position (index and little fingers extended) ask pt to flex and extend the finger.
Extend the fingers and you can palpate the tendons inserting into the fingers. Palpate between carpal and MCP joints.
Ulnar border of the snuffbox. Ulnar deviate and extend hand.
Radial border of the snuffbox. Ulnar deviate and extend hand. More towards dorsal side
Radial border of the snuffbox. Ulnar deviate and extend hand. More towards palmar side
Flexion of IP joint
Stabilize distal phalanx of thumb and ask pt to flex thumb without flexing distal phalanx
moves DIP, hold others in extension
hold fingers in extension except finger being tested, flex finger in question at PIP joint
Flex and radially deviate the hand. Radial to palmaris longus tendon. Palmate proximally until it becomes indistinct beneath th
superficial layer of thenar eminence.
deep layer of the thenar eminance
Place your finger on radial side of 2nd metacarpal. Have pt flex MCP while extending Ips
Palpate between metacarpals as pt abducts fingers. Can only palpate 1st dorsal interossi between 1st and 2nd metacarpal
Part of hypothenar eminence. Have pt abduct little finger and palpate hypothenar eminence on ulnar side.

Pt in supine with head RESTING in hands.

posterior inferior bone of skull.
Lateral head towards posterior skull.
Small bump in occipital region on midline. Center of the nuchal line. (bump of knowledge)
Move laterally from inion. Small transverse ridge extending out on both sides of the inion.
Behind ear or move laterally from superior nuchal line.
C1 is covered so not palpable. Drop down from inion and dig DEEP and C2 is the first palpable. C7 and T1 are most prominen
May be able to palpate bifid processes in some people
Drop down from mastoid process and palpate deep
Railroad tracks. From spinous processes, move laterally about an inch and palpate the facets. Lie deep to trapezius. Pt must b
Lateral to T1 or inferior to medial clavicle.

T1 is inferior to C7, does not move during rotation. T3 is the spines of the scapula. T7 is inferior border of scap. T12 is inferior
Go iliac crest and midline. Leaves you at L4-5 intersection. L1, just count down.
Fall off laterally. Use the thumb as a "dummy"
Ribs and transverse processes of the vertebrae.
Formed by the two PSIS and the gluteal cleft top.
Intersection of S2 spinous process
Above S2
Not palpable due to overhang of ilium and obstruction by supporting ligaments. Center of joint at S2 crossed by imaginary line

Iliac crest intersection. Drop down to next space to get L5-S1.

Groove of the nuchal line (transversely) Pops out if injured or inflammed.

Inion to C7 spinous processes.
Continuation all the way to the sacrum. On the top of the spinous processes.
Turn head and palpate behind SCM. Feel for nodes on same side that they turn.

Position yourself behind pt. Put head back so that fascia relaxes. Not possible to differeniate, so palpate as unit on either side
Ilium to low ribs
Mastoid process to iliac crest
Spinous process to spinous process
Extend, rotates, and laterally bends. Palpate under the mastoid process.

best in lumbar region

superior divot in sternum

superior part of sternum, above sternal angle
inferior part of sternum, below sternal angle
palpable softer surface, spongy, inferior
2nd rib, below jugular notch
go to sternal angle, walk off 1-2 finger widths, soft portion
12: floating rib is short under arch, way back posteriorly; 10: last to have chondral cartilage, under chondral arch, stand behind
between cartilage and sternum
posteriorly, lateral to transverse processes

anterior prominent part of iliac crest, where inguinal ligament attaches

either use heel of hand or patient's hands move down to last bony prominence, where rectus abdominus attaches

start with sternal angle and work down, between ribs

midline of abdominal muscles
horizontal lines of rectus (like in a six pack)?

used as accessory respiratory, largely inspiration, lateral from manubrium, ask pt to take breath, how much is rib cage expand
adjacent to sternum, take breath and forcefully exhale
put hands on stomach in supine and forcefuully exhale, xiphoid to pubic symphysis, against gravity is best
contralateral rotation side bend (R ext and L int work together)
ipsilateral rotation, iliac crest, hands in fan shape to feel, same sit up as external
hip hiker, 12th rib inferior margin to iliac crest, push erector spinae aside
get under abdominal muscles, hard in sitting, sausage, flex hip
ASIS to pubic tubercle, inferior margin of external oblique

stand in front of patient, place hands on ASIS …. should be prominent…OR…find belly button, go LAT and then move INF
find ASIS, move INF
find ASIS and move LAT
find ASIS and move LAT to midline of thorax
patient places their own hand onto their body and moves hand down toward pubic tubercle & pubic symphysis
patient places their own hand onto their body …. find greater trochanter, move along inguinal creases MED & obliquely downw
middle of buttock … sidelying with knee FLX … find greater trochanter, then PSIS then move INF to ischial tuberosity.

ASIS to iliac tubercle and move INF … IR/ER hip to feel it pop out

find ASIS and pubic tubercle

find ischial tuberosity (irritation during sitting)
find greater trochanter (irritation when gluteus maximus rubs against bone)
find inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus … in this area will be the femoral triangle
find midpoint of inguinal triangle and palpate for pulse INF to inguinal ligament (often right at the underwear line on women)
find inguinal ligament … most MED structure of femoral triangle
find midpoint of greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity … may feel sulcus … possible tingling or pain

find ASIS and move MED … dig deep to palpate … resist hip FLX for "sausage to pop out"
find midpoint ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter
ABD leg away from midline … forms distinct ridge ... OR … think femoral triangle, then resist hip ADD
resist hip ABD in sidelying … SUP LAT portion of greater trochanter … palpate just below iliac crest & iliac tubercle
two-joint muscle … tighten quadriceps or resist knee EXT … OR … find AIIS for tendon attachment

sidelying … in between iliac tubercle and ASIS. … resist hip ABD (with possible hip FLX) to feel muscle belly
hip EXT & ER (straight or bent leg)
resist (FLX, ABD, ER) to make to make belly palpable

find patellar ligament … move LAT on either side into soft tissue depression Fall off of INF. Patellar pole and move lateral / m
fall off superior pole of patella and move med / lat to slightly in front of midline
FLX knee more than 90o and palpate MED to patella
FLX knee 90o and palpate LAT to patella in joint space
find MED femoral condyle … move Superior & POST (up the thigh) to distal end of femur … (between vastus medialis & ham
knee FLX … place fingers on MED & LAT joint lines and find patella … move upward toward depression
knee EXT … feel movement of patella
find LAT tibial tubercle and move LAT … OR … find patella, move INF to tibial tuberosity and move LAT
find joint line … find soft tissue depression … push INF to feel sharp upper edge of MED tibial plateau
find patellar ligament … move down INF until large bump can be felt on tibia
find tibial tuberosity, move LAT … attachment site for IT band … (do not confuse with head of fibula)

POST knee … artery is hard to palpate

find patella … move INF

find Gerdy's tubercle, move upward … OR … in sitting, may be able see …
find joint line … find soft tissue depression … push along joint line ANT to POST … can IR or ER tibia to "pop" meniscus out (f
hard to palpate … find joint line MED & POST … MED femoral condyle to tibia
FLX, ABD and ER hip ("tailor's position) and palpate rope-like structute from LAT epicondyle to fibular head

FLX, ABD, and ER hip and resist this motion

EXT of knee or tighten quadriceps
EXT of knee or tighten quadriceps … found LAT knee
EXT of knee or tighten quadriceps ... found MED knee
find ADD tubercle … resist hip ADD
ischial tuberosity to fibular head (long head) … resist knee FLX … notice strummable tendinous strucutre on LAT knee … sho
tendinous strucutre found on MED knee … inserts into PROX MED tibial shaft
big sheath of muscle found LAT to semitendinosus tendon (found in popliteal fossa)
resist hip ADD … inserts into PROX MED tibial shaft
found on LAT sides of popliteal space … attachment located on distal femur on condyles

find LAT malleolus and move SUP…OR…find Gerdy's tubercle and go LAT
find LAT malleolus and move SUP
ANT portion of MED leg
obvious
draw line from MED malleolus to navicular tubercle & bisect that line….also INV & EV foot
deep to sinus tarsi
area where tibia articulates with talus … passively DF ankle and palpate between malleoli … PF & INV foot (palpate LAT side

obvious … found below MED & LAT malleolus

find distal end of LAT malleolus (about a finger's breadth away)
find distal end of MED malleolus (about a finger's breadth away) - may be TENDER!

joint found at the articulation of tibia & fibula (found proximal & distal)
also known as talocrural joint …. movement includes PF/DF …

find fibular head … feel for depression … BE CAREFUL

find calcaneal tuberosity … move SUP to large tendinous strucutre … INF to gastrocnemius
find MED malleolus, move POST to palpate artery
found in between 1st & 2nd metatarsals … palpate near "apex" of dorsal foot

ANT & POST tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal … found on MED ankle

find LAT malleolus and move ANT over soft tissue depression
on LAT side, find LAT malloelus … move directly INF to find ?????

eversion & PF … head & shaft of fibula … tendon can be found below fibular tubercle
eversion & PF … tendon can be found above fibular tubercle
able to see small portion of tendon
plantar flex foot, palpate upper portion of leg
flex knee and plantar flex foot…palpate either at lower 2/3 of leg or med/lat midline of leg below the gastrocnemius
dorsiflex your foot and palpate between tibia and fibula. The muscle belly lies in the middle to upper 1/3 of the leg
find tendon on POST MED malleolus … PF & INV
FLX of big toe … resistance at DIP
extend great toe, palpate at the base of the proximal phalanyx
flex toes and palpate at the base of each proximal phalanyx
extend toes, palpate at the distal portion of the metatarsals.

base of 5th metatarsal and move POST …OR... fibular tubercle and go ANT
find navicular tubercle and move dorsally
MED malleolus, go INF then ANT (about 2-finger's breadth away)
find navicular and INV / EV with slight PF
first cuneiform - articulates with base of 1st metatarsal - find navicular and move distal or find 1st metatarsal and move proxim
follow 1st metatarsal to its base…find navicular…cuneiform will be in between
in line with 2nd digit
in line with 3rd digit
head is most distal part of metatarsal … base is proximal portion of metatarsal

obvious
move along MED longitudinal arch & 1st metatarsal to plantar surface of MTP joint…EXT toe to make sesamoids more palpab
obvious
obvious

find LAT malleolus, go INFand slightly POST …OR…find fibular tubercle and go POST
ANT & POST tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular
find sustentaculum tali then find navicular tubercle…ligament can be found in between
on plantar surface, find fat pad, and go ANT … EXT toes to make aponeurosis more palpable
obvious

EXT @ proximal phalanx ... go LAT to EXT hallicus longus

stabilize calcaneus, resist ABD @ MTP joint
stabilize calcaneus, resist ABD @ MTP joint
stabilize midfoot; FLX of MTP joint restricting FLX of IP joints
attempt to spread toes, palpate on either side of 2nd toe and lateral side of toes 3 and 4.
vicle, flex & extend shoulder to feel movement

and posteriorly, deep to pec major

(EXT & rotation, restist combined motion)

nst you while observing ribs 1-8 for contraction. Or, ask patient to push against a wall and look for scapular winging.
cles, not very distinct

upper 1/3 of humerus

" of medial epicondyle

ntil it becomes indistinct beneath the fascia.

rearm to wrist

nd 3rd metacarpal, palpate proximally to lateral epicondyle

palpable (check for tenderness)

nd extend thumb. Metacarpal head slides over it during ext.

al side, extensor pollicus longus on ulnar side

f scaphoid, hook of hamate and tubercle of trapezium

s pollicis (deep)
opponens digiti, flexor digiti minimi

etacarpal base.
little finger. (palpate higher than ulnar styloid)
k pt to flex and extend the finger.
ween carpal and MCP joints.

ntil it becomes indistinct beneath the fascia.

between 1st and 2nd metacarpal

e on ulnar side.

pable. C7 and T1 are most prominent during neck flexion.

ets. Lie deep to trapezius. Pt must be completely relaxed to feel.

ferior border of scap. T12 is inferior border of latissmus dorsi.

oint at S2 crossed by imaginary lines.

te, so palpate as unit on either side of raphe.

, under chondral arch, stand behind patient; 2:lateral at sternal angle

us abdominus attaches

reath, how much is rib cage expanding, etc

st gravity is best
tton, go LAT and then move INF

e & pubic symphysis

nal creases MED & obliquely downward (to pubic tubercles) … on same level as top of greater trochanters
ve INF to ischial tuberosity.

at the underwear line on women)

iliac crest & iliac tubercle

o feel muscle belly

F. Patellar pole and move lateral / medial to soft spot

… (between vastus medialis & hamstrings)

rd depression knee FLX and move superiorly off of superior pole of patella

nd move LAT
 or ER tibia to "pop" meniscus out (for MED meniscus)

le to fibular head

inous strucutre on LAT knee … short head found on distal femur

… PF & INV foot (palpate LAT side of talus) and talus should pop out … MED to LAT malleolus

below the gastrocnemius

e to upper 1/3 of the leg
nd 1st metatarsal and move proximal

oe to make sesamoids more palpable