Introduction to Virtualization

Dr. P. Syam Kumar

 Learning Objectivies
 Understand the basics of virtualization
 Understand the basics of hypervisor and its types
 Understand how the different resources such as CPU,
Memory, Storage, Network, Desktop, Application and OS
can be virtualized
 Understand the pros and cons of different approaches to
virtualization
 Understand the role of Virtualization in Modern Data
Centers
 Understand the Virtualization security threats and best
practices
 Understand how cloud computing leverages the
2 virtualization for its different service models
 Outline
 Computer Architecture
 What is Virtualization
 Why Virtualization
 Hypervisor and Types
 Virtual Machine
 Features of Virtualization
 Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
 Demo on Virtualization
 Summary
3
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

4
 Computer Architecture

5
 Hardware and software

 Do you use a smartphone, laptop or home

computer?
 Smartphones, laptops or home computers are
hardware
 Similar to how your brain controls your actions,
software controls hardware
 There are different types of software that control
computer actions

6
 Computer Hardware

7
 Computer Software

8
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

9
 What is Virtualization
 Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage
device or network resources”

 This includes, single physical resource (such as a server, an operating

system, an application, or storage device) virtualized into multiple virtual
resources; it can also include multiple physical resources (such as storage
devices or servers) virtualized into single virtual resource
10
  1 2

500GB
100 200 50G
GB GB B
600GB
500GB 100 300 100
GB GB GB

11
Virtualization
Before Virtualization After Virtualization

 Multiple OS can run simultaneously on

 Single OS image per machine one physical machine
 Software and hardware tightly
 Hardware-independence of operating
coupled system and applications
 Running multiple applications
 Resource utilization improves as
on same machine often creates multiple VMs share same set of
conflict physical resources
 Inflexible and costly
 Flexible and cost-effective if you
infrastructure planned properly
History of Virtulization
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

15
 Why Virtualization?

16
Why Virtualization?
 Each physical hardware
for each application
 High Cost
 Power consumption
 Down Time of a server
 Machine Crashing
 High Infrastructure
 Less Utilization of
resource
 Why learn virtualization?
 Modern computing is more efficient due to
virtualization
 Virtualization can be used for mobile, personal and
cloud computing
 You can also use virtualization in your personal life

18
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

19
 Hypervisor
 This software layer is referred as the Hypervisor or Virtual Machine Monitor
(VMM).
 Hypervisor(VMM) is a software , which allows multiple operating systems to
run on a physical server at the same time
 The hypervisor abstracts the underlying software and/or hardware
environments and represents virtual system resources to its users

20
 Types of Hypervisor
 There are two types of hypervisor : Type 1 (bare-metal) and
Type 2 (hosted )

Type 1 (bare-metal) Type 2 (hosted)

VM1 VM2 Guest

Guest VM1 VM2 Process Hypervisor
Hypervisor OS Host
Host
Hardware Hardware

Examples: Examples:
Xen RedHat KVM
VMware ESXi VMware Workstation
Microsoft Hyper-V Oracle Virtual Box
21
 Types of Hypervisor
In this approach, the hypervisor is
In this approach, an operating system is first
directly installed over the physical
installed on the physical machine to activate it.
machine.

Type 1 or bare-metal hypervisor Type 2 or hosted hypervisor

22
 APP APP APP APP APP APP
Linux Mac os Linux Mac os
VM1 VM2 VM3 VM1 VM2 VM3
1 CPU 2 CPU 1 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 1 CPU
2GB 4GB 3GB 2GB 4GB 3GB
RAM RAM RAM RAM RAM RAM
50 GB 100 GB 100 GB 50 GB 100 GB 100 GB
VNIC VNIC VNIC VNIC VNIC VNIC

5 CPUs Host Operating

16GB RAM system(Windows)
Physical machine
5 CPUs
500GB disk
16GB RAM
NIC
500GB disk
Type 1 hypervisor NIC
Type 2 hypervisor
23
 Type 1 or Bare-metal Type 2 or hosted
hypervisor hypervisor
 Benefits: Since the bare metal Benefits: The host OS supplies the
hypervisor can directly access the hardware drivers for the underlying
hardware resources in most of the cases physical resources. This eases the
it provides better performance in installation and configuration of the
comparison to the hosted hypervisor. hypervisor. It makes the type-2
For bigger application like enterprise hypervisors compatible for a wide variety
data centers, bare-metal virtualization is of hardware platform
more suitable because usually it Drawbacks:
provides advanced features for resource • A hosted hypervisor does not have
and security management. direct access to the hardware
resources and hence, all of the
 Drawbacks: As any hypervisor usually
requests from virtual machines must
have limited set of device drivers built go through the host OS. This may
into it, so the bare metal hypervisors degrade the performance of the virtual
have limited hardware support and machines.
cannot run on a wide variety of • Another drawback is the lack of
hardware platform support for real-time OSs.
24
 Type 1 Virtualization products
• Vmware ESXi: it is type 1 virtualization platform of VMware, first
released in 2001 as ESX. It is a set of products that not only includes
virtualization, but also management and interface layers. It is cost
expensive

• Citrix Xen: The Xen was originally developed by the University of

Cambridge research team in 2003 but was acquired by Citrix in 2007.
Xen supports all types Linux operating systems

• Microsoft Hyper-V:, Hyper-V Server is the virtualization solution from

Microsoft. First launched in 2008, it was formerly known as Windows
Server. Now Hyper-V Server comes as a dedicated stand-alone
product and also regarded as a feature of Windows Server.

25
 Type 2 Virtualization products
 Oracle VM VirtualBox: Oracle VM VirtualBox (formerly known as Sun
VirtualBox) is the virtualization software package from Oracle
Corporation. Oracle virtual box provides cost-effective and good
performance features. Its runs on a wide variety of host operating
systems and supports a large number of guest operating systems too.
 KVM: The kernel-based virtual machine (KVM) is a hypervisor built
into the Linux kernel. This open-source solution was developed by Red
Hat Corporation to provide virtualization services on the Linux-
operating system platforms. A wide variety of guest operating systems
work with KVM including several versions of Windows, Linux and
UNIX.
 VMware Workstation: it is a type2 hypervisor of VMware, which
works on windows and Linux operating systems. It is available to
download at no cost and runs on a wide variety of host operating
systems and supports a large number of guest operating systems too
26
 Summary of Hypervisors

27
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

28
 Virtual Machine
 From a user’s perspective, a
logical compute system
 Runs an operating system (OS) and
application like a physical machine
 Contains virtual components such as
CPU, RAM, disk, and NIC Hypervisor

 From a hypervisor’s perspective x86 Architecture

 Virtual machine (VM) is a discrete

set of files such as configuration file,
NIC Card Memory Hard
virtual disk files, virtual BIOS file, VM CPU Disk

swap file, and log file

29
 Virtual Machine Files
File name Description
Virtual BIOS File • Stores the state of the virtual machine’s (VM’s) BIOS

• Is a VM’s paging file which backs up the VM RAM contents

Virtual Swap File
• The file exists only when VM is running

• Stores the contents of the VM’s disk drive

Virtual Disk File • Appears like a physical disk drive to VM
• VM can have multiple disk drives
• Keeps a log of VM activity
Log File
• Is useful for troubleshooting

• Stores the configuration information chosen during VM creation

Virtual
Configuration File • Includes information such as number of CPUs, memory, number and
type of network adaptors, and disk types

30
VM Hardware Components
Virtual Hardware Description
• Virtual machine (VM) can be configured with one or more virtual
vCPU CPUs
• Number of CPUs allocated to a VM can be changed
• Amount of memory presented to the guest operating system
vRAM (OS)
• Memory size can be changed based on requirement
• Stores VM's OS and application data
Virtual Disk
• A VM should have at least one virtual disk
• Enables a VM to connect to other physical and virtual
vNIC
machines
Virtual DVD/CD-ROM • It maps a VM’s DVD/CD-ROM drive to either a physical drive
Drive or an .iso file
• It maps a VM’s floppy drive to either a physical drive or an .flp
Virtual Floppy Drive
file
Virtual SCSI Controller • VM uses virtual SCSI controller to access virtual disk
Virtual USB Controller • Maps VM’s USB controller to the physical USB controller
31

Virtualized Data Center – Compute

 Types of Virtual Machine

 System virtual machine and Process virtual machine:
 system virtual machines (also known as full
virtualization VMs) provide a complete substitute for the
targeted real machine and a level of functionality
required for the execution of a complete operating
system.
 System Virtual Machine

APP APP APP APP APP APP APP APP

Operating System Operating System

Simulated Machine Simulated Machine

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

Hardware -- “real machine”

 Process Virtual Machine

 process virtual machines are designed to execute a
single computer program by providing an abstracted and
platform-independent program execution environment. A
process VM, sometimes called an application virtual machine,
or Managed Runtime Environment (MRE).
 It is created when the process is started and destroyed
when it exits.
 A process VM provides a high-level abstraction – that of a
high-level programming language (compared to the
low-level ISA abstraction of the system VM). Process VMs are
implemented using an interpreter; performance comparable to
compiled programming languages is achieved by the use of
just-in-time compilation.
The Java Virtual Machine


Own idealized architecture

Stylized machine language
Byte codes
Readily available
interpreter
 Terminology
• Host Machine
• The physical hardware/server
• Hypervisor
• The virtualization software
• Acts as the true ‘OS’ for the physical server
• Virtual Machines
• Instances of the virtualized OS
• Sometimes called Guest OS
• Host Operating System:
• The operating system actually running on the
hardware
• Guest Operating System:
• The operating system running in the VM
 Features of Virtualization
 Consolidation
 Live Migration
 Storage vMotion
 High Availability
 Scalability

37
 Server Consolidation

38
 Consolidation

39
VM Migration

A B A B
 Storage Vmotion
 Storage VMotion is a new feature
introduced in ESX 3.5, it allows you to
migrate a running virtual machine
and its disk files from one data store
to another on the same ESX host
 The difference between VMotion and
Storage VMotion is that VMotion
simply moves a virtual machine from
one ESX host to another but keeps
the storage location of the VM the
same, Storage VMotion on the other
hand changes the storage location of
the virtual machine while it is
running and moves it to another data
store on the same ESX host.

41
  VM migration Storage vMotion

VM VM1 VM2 VM3

Server1 Server1
CPU,RAM CPU server2 server3
and Storage RAM

Storage device
Storage device1 Storage device2

42
 High Availability (HA)

 Automatic restart of virtual

machines in case
physical server failure
of
X Resource Pool
Scalability
 Dynamically scale up virtual
machine system among
physical servers , without
interrupting the applications
running inside.
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

45
 Benefits of Virtualization

 Reduce Overall Costs

 Increased resource utilization
 Zero downtime maintenance
 High Availability
 Scalability

46
 Impact of Virtualization

47
 Virtual Infrastructure

48
 Issues in Virtualization

 May lead to low performance

 Security

 Requires specialized skill set

49
 Computer Architecture
What is Virtualization
Why Virtualization
Hypervisor and Types
Virtual Machine
Features of Virtualization
Benefits and Challenges of Virtualization
Demo on Virtualization
Summary

50
 Virtualization
Type2 Hypervisor

51
 Summary
 Virtualization
 Hypervisor
 Virtual Machine
 Benefits and Challenges
 Demo on Hypervisor 2

52
 Thank you
E-mail: shyam.553@gmail.com

53