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ch_5 JS

The document provides an introduction to JavaScript, detailing its history, functionality, and comparison with Java. It covers client-side and server-side scripting, advantages and disadvantages of client-side scripting, and various JavaScript features such as variables, functions, loops, and events. Additionally, it discusses how to insert JavaScript into web pages and includes examples of common JavaScript operations and debugging techniques.

Uploaded by

abhimanyu thakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

ch_5 JS

The document provides an introduction to JavaScript, detailing its history, functionality, and comparison with Java. It covers client-side and server-side scripting, advantages and disadvantages of client-side scripting, and various JavaScript features such as variables, functions, loops, and events. Additionally, it discusses how to insert JavaScript into web pages and includes examples of common JavaScript operations and debugging techniques.

Uploaded by

abhimanyu thakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 109

JavaScript : Introduction To ClientXP

Side Scripting

Working with JavaScript

1
XP
Introduction to JavaScript

• JavaScript was originally called LiveScript and was developed


by Netscape Communications.
• JavaScript is a scripting language.
• A scripting language is a light weight programming language.
• A JavaScript consist of lines of executable computer code.
• JavaScript is embedded in Web pages and interpreted by the
browser.
• A JavaScript was designed to add interactive to HTML pages.
• They can execute on the client side or server side.

2
XP
Introduction to JavaScript

• Server-side Programs pose problems


• Client-side Programs were developed to run programs and scripts
on the client side of a Web browser

• JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute


without preliminary compilation)

• HTML and CSS concentrate on a static rendering of a page. Things


do not change on the page at run time.

3
XP
Introduction to JavaScript

• For that we use scripting languages which allows content to change


dynamically.

• JavaScript is Case Sensitive.


• Object based programming language
– very limited object creation

4
XP
Comparing Java and JavaScript

• Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages in both


concept and design

• Java (developed by Sun Microsystems) is a powerful and much


more complex programming language.

• Java is a compiled language

• JavaScript is a subset of Java

• JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page

• JavaScript is an interpreted language

5
XP
Comparing Java and JavaScript

6
XP
JavaScript Can Do…

• JavaScript can react to events

• JavaScript can read and write HTML elements

• JavaScript can be used to validate input data

• JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser

• JavaScript can be used to create cookies

7
XP
JavaScript Types:

1. Client Side JavaScript

2. Server Side JavaScript

• Client Side Scripting generally refers to the class of computer


programs on the web that are executed at client side by the user’s
web browser, instead of server-side (on the web server). This type
of computer programming is an important part of the Dynamic
HTML concept, enabling web pages to be scripted, that is to have
different and changing content depending on user input,
environmental conditions such as the time of the day, or other
8
variables.
XP

Advantages of ClientSide Scripting

• The Web browser uses it’s own resources, and erase


the burden on the server.

• it has fewer feature than server side language.

DisAdvantages of ClientSide Scripting


• Code is usually visible

• Code is Probably modifiable

• Local files and database can’t be accessed 9


XP
JavaScript Types:

Server Side JavaScript

Normally when a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns


the file , but if the file contains a server side script, the script inside
the HTML file is executed by the server before the file is returned to
the browser as a plain HTML.
What can server scripts do?
• Respond to user queries of data submitted from HTML forms
• Access any data or databases and return the result for individual
users.
• Provide security since your server code cannot be viewed from the
browser. 10
XP
Inserting JavaScript into a Web
Page File

• A JavaScript program can either be placed directly in a Web


page file or saved in an external text file

• Use the <script> tag (also use the type attribute to define the
scripting language)
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body> 11
</html>
XP
Inserting JavaScript into a Web
Page File

• Scripts can be provided locally or remotely accessible


JavaScript file using src attribute.
<html>
<head>
<script language="JavaScript"
type="text/javascript"
src="http://somesite/myOwnJavaScript.js">
</script>
</head>
</html>

12
XP
Writing Output to the Web Page

• An object-oriented programming language writes the output by


manipulating tasks.

• An action you perform on an object is called a method

• To write text on Web page, use following JavaScript commands:

document.write(“text”); Or document.writeln(“text”)’

Where text is the content to be written to the page. The

doucment.write() and document.writeln() methods are identical,

except that the document.writeln() method preserves any line

breaks in the text string. 13


XP
Working with Variables and Data

• A variable is a named item in a program that stores information

• Variable names are case sensitive

• Variable names must begin with a letter or the underscore


character
• A variable declared within a JavaScript function becomes LOCAL and
can only be accessed within that function. (the variable has local
scope).

• Local variables are destroyed when you exit the function.

• Variables declared outside a function become GLOBAL, and all scripts


and functions on the web page can access it. 14
XP
Working with Variables and Data

• Global variables are destroyed when you close the page.

• If you declare a variable, without using "var", the variable


always becomes GLOBAL.

• Numeric or floating variable- any number, such as 13, 22.5,


etc

• Boolean variable- accepts only true and false values

• Null variable- has no value at all

• String variable- any group of text characters, such as “Hello” or


“Happy Holidays!”
15
– Must be enclosed within either double or single quotations
XP
Declaring a JavaScript Variable

• You can declare variables with any of the following JavaScript


commands:

var variable;

var variable = value;

variable = value;

Where variable is the name of the variable and value is the


initial value of the variable. The first command creates the
variable without assigning it a value; the second and third
commands both create the variable and assign it a value.
16
XP
Working with Dates

• Create a date object to store date information


Date Methods

17
Working with Expressions andXP
Operators

• Expressions are JavaScript commands that assign values and


variables

• Operators are elements that perform actions within expressions

– Arithmetic operators: perform simple mathematical calculations

– Binary operators: work on two elements in an expression

– Unary operators: work on only one variable

– Increment operators: can be used to increase the value of a


variable by 1

– Assignment operators: used to assign values in expressions18


Working with Expressions andXP
Operators

• The Math object is a JavaScript object used for


calculations other than simple math

19
XP
Creating JavaScript Functions

• A function contains code that will be executed by an event or by


a call to the function.

• Parameters are values used by the function

• Functions can be defined both in the <head> and in the <body>


section of a document.

• A group of commands set off by curly braces is called a


command block. Command blocks exist for other JavaScript
structures in addition to functions.

• A function with no parameters must include the parentheses ()


20
after the function name.
XP
Creating JavaScript Functions

• <html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function displaymessage()
{
alert("Hello World!");
}
</script>
</head>
<body> <form>
<input type="button" value="Click me!"
onclick="displaymessage()" />
</form>
</body> 21
</html>
XP
Working with Conditional
Statements

• Conditional statements are commands that run only when


specific conditions are met

• Conditional statements require a Boolean expression

– you need one of the following operators to create a Boolean


expression:

• Comparison operator

• Logical operator ( && , || , ! )

• Conditional operator

variablename=(condition)?value1:value2 22
XP
Using Arrays

• An array is an ordered collection of values referenced by a


single variable name
var variable = new Array (size);

Where variable is the name of the array variable and


size is the number of elements in the array

23
XP
Working with Program Loops

• A program loop is a set of instructions that is executed


repeatedly
– The loop uses a counter to track the number of times the
command block has been run
– Loops execute a block of code a specified number of times,
or while a specified condition is true.
The for Loop
var i=0;
for (i=0;i<=5;i++)
{
document.write("The number is " + i);
document.write("<br />");
}
24
XP
Working with Program Loops

The while Loop The break / continue


while (variable<=endvalue) Statement
{ • for (i=0;i<=10;i++)
code to be executed {
} if (i==3)
The do.. While loop {
break ; or Continue;
do
}
{
code to be executed
} document.write("The
while (variable<=endvalue); number is " + i);

document.write("<br />");
} 25
XP
JavaScript Popup Boxes

Alert Box
• An alert box is often used if you want to make sure information
comes through to the user.
Confirm Box
• A confirm box is often used if you want the user to verify or
accept something.

• When a confirm box pops up, the user will have to click either
"OK" or "Cancel" to proceed.

26
XP
JavaScript Popup Boxes

• If the user clicks "OK", the box returns true. If the user clicks
"Cancel", the box returns false.

Prompt Box

• A prompt box is often used if you want the user to input a value
before entering a page.

• When a prompt box pops up, the user will have to click either
"OK" or "Cancel" to proceed after entering an input value.

• If the user clicks "OK" the box returns the input value. If the user
clicks "Cancel" the box returns null.
27
XP
JavaScript Popup Boxes

Alert Box Example


<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function show_alert()
{
alert("I am an alert box!");
}
</script> </head> <body>
<input type="button" onclick="show_alert()" value="Show alert
box" />
</body>
</html>
28
XP
JavaScript Popup Boxes

Confirm Box Example {


<html> alert("You pressed
<head> Cancel!");
<script }
type="text/javascript"> }
function show_confirm() </script>
{ </head>
var r=confirm("Press a <body>
button");
if (r==true) <input type="button"
{ onclick="show_confirm()"
alert("You pressed OK!"); value="Show confirm box" />
}
else </body>
29
</html>
XP
JavaScript Popup Boxes

Prompt Box Example }


<html> </script>
<head> </head>
<script type="text/javascript"> <body>
function show_prompt()
{ <input type="button"
var name=prompt("Please enter onclick="show_prompt()"
your name"); value="Show prompt box" />
if (name!=null && name!="")
{ </body>
document.write("Hello " + </html>
name + "! How are you
today?"); 30

}
XP
Debugging Your JavaScript
Programs

• Three types of errors:

– Load-time errors (occurs when the script is loading)

– Run-time errors (occurs when the being executed)

– Logical errors (free from syntax and structural mistakes, but


result in incorrect results)

31
XP
Common Mistakes

• You need to debug your program to fix the mistakes


• Common mistakes include:
– Misspelling a variable name
– Mismatched parentheses or braces
– Mismatched quotes
– Missing quotes
– Using ( instead of [
– Using = in place of ==

32
XP
JavaScript Events

• Every element on a web page has certain events which can


trigger invocation of event handlers

• Attributes are inserted into HTML tags to define events and event
handlers

Examples of events
• A mouse click
• A web page or an image loading
• Mousing over a hot spot on the web page
• Selecting an input box in an HTML form
• Submitting an HTML form
33
• A keystroke
XP
JavaScript Events

• onabort - Loading of an image is interrupted

• onblur - An element loses focus

• onchange - The content of a field changes

• onclick - Mouse clicks an object

• ondblclick - Mouse double-clicks an object

• onerror - An error occurs when loading a document or an image

• onfocus - An element gets focus

• onkeydown - A keyboard key is pressed


34
XP
JavaScript Events

• onkeypress - A keyboard key is pressed

• onkeyup - A keyboard key is released

• onload - A page or an image is finished loading

• onmousedown - A mouse button is pressed

• onmousemove - The mouse is moved

• onmouseout - The mouse is moved off an element

• onmouseover - The mouse is moved over an element

• onmouseup - A mouse button is released

• onreset - The reset button is clicked 35


XP
JavaScript Events

• onresize - A window or frame is resized

• onselect - Text is selected

• onsubmit - The submit button is clicked

• onunload - The user exits the page

36
XP
JavaScript Events

onload & onUnload Events

• The onload and onUnload events are triggered when the user
enters or leaves the page

• Both the onload and onUnload eThe onload event is often used
to check the visitor's browser type and browser version, and
load the proper version of the web page based on the
information

• vents are also often used to deal with cookies that should be
set when a user enters or leaves a page.
37
XP
JavaScript Events

onFocus, onBlur and onChange

• The onFocus, onBlur and onChange events are often used in


combination with validation of form fields.

Example: The checkEmail() function will be called whenever the


user changes the content of the field:

<input type="text" size="30"

id="email" onchange="checkEmail()">;

38
XP
JavaScript Events

Example : onblur
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function upperCase() {
var x=document.getElementById("fname").value
document.getElementById("fname").value=x.toUpperCase()
}
</script> </head>
<body>
Enter your name:
<input type="text" id="fname" onblur="upperCase()">
39
</body> </html>
XP
JavaScript Events

onSubmit
• The onSubmit event is used to validate all form fields before
submitting it.

Example: The checkForm() function will be called when the user


clicks the submit button in the form. If the field values are not
accepted, the submit should be canceled.

The function checkForm() returns either true or false. If it returns true


the form will be submitted, otherwise the submit will be cancelled:

<form method="post" action="xxx.html“onsubmit=“checkForm()">


40
XP
JavaScript Events

<html> <head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function validate()
{
// return true or false based on validation logic
}
</script> </head>
<body>
<form name=“f1” action="tryjs_submitpage.htm" onsubmit="validate()">

Name (max 10 chararcters): <input type="text" id="fname" size="20"><br />


Age (from 1 to 100): <input type="text" id="age" size="20"><br />
E-mail: <input type="text" id="email" size="20"><br /> <br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
41
</form> </body> </html>
XP
JavaScript Events

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Blur onblur Losing the focus <button>
<input>
<textarea>
<select>
Change onchange On occurrence of some change <input>
<textarea>
<select>
Click onclick When user click the mouse <a>
button <input>
dbclick ondbclick When user double click the <a>
mouse button <input>
<button>
Keyup onkeyup When user releases the key Form
from the keyboard Element
XP
JavaScript Events

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Focus onfocus When user acquires the input <input>
focus <select>
<textarea>
Keydown onkeydown When user presses the key Form
down Element
keypress onkeypress When user presses the key Form
Element
mousedown onmousedown When user clicks the left mouse Form
button Element
Mouseup onmouseup When user releases the left Form
mouse button Element
Mousemove onmousemove When user move the mouse Form
Elements
XP
JavaScript Events

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Mouse out onmouseout when user moves the mouse Form
away from some element Elements
Mouse over onmouseover when the user moves the mouse Form
over some element Elements
Load onload After getting the document <body>
loaded
Reset onreset when the reset button is clicked <form>
Submit onsubmit when the submit button is <form>
clicked
Select onselect On selection <input>
<textarea>
Unload onunload When user exits the document <body>
XP
JavaScript Object

A JavaScript object has properties and methods

Example: String JavaScript object has length property and

toUpperCase() method

<script type="text/javascript">

var txt="Hello World!“

document.write(txt.length)

document.write(txt.toUpperCase())

</script>

String , Date , Array , Boolean and Math are Built in javascript objects.
45
XP
JavaScript Object

Properties

• Properties are object attributes.

• Object properties are defined by using the object's name and the
property name.

– e.g., background color is expressed by: document.bgcolor .

– document is the object.

– bgcolor is the property.

46
XP
JavaScript Object

Method

In Javascript method is function that is invoked through object

To invoke method

myobject.method();

myobject.method(x,y,z);

Exa.

var Today= new Date();

Today.getDay();
47
XP
The document object

• Each HTML document loaded into a browser window becomes a


Document object.

• Many attributes of the current document are available via the


document object:

• Document object represents the HTML displayed in the window

document.bgcolor=red

document.linkcolor=yellow

document.write (“<h2> Hello World </h2>);

we can access any form information in a document by using the


48
formname.
XP
The document object

Example

<form name=“userdetails”>

<input type=“text” name=“fname”/>

<input type=“text” name=“lname”/>

<input type=“submit” name=“submit”/>

</form>

document.formname

it can be referred by document.userdetails

any element within it can accessed by


49

document.userdetails.fname.value
XP
Window object

Window - Built-in Properties


• ‘window’ object is JavaScript representation of a browser window.

• window object represents the window or frame that displays the


document and it is the global object in client side programming

– closed - A boolean value that indicates whether the window is


closed. window.closed()

– defaultStatus - This is the default message that is loaded into the


status bar when the window loads.

window.defaultStatus = “This is the status bar”;

• 50
XP

open:
window.open()
open("URLname","Windowname",["options"])

open(“http://google.com”, “My Google”,”height,width”);

51
XP

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function openWin()
{
myWindow=window.open("",”","width=200,height=100");
myWindow.document.write("<p>This is 'myWindow'</p>");
}
function closeWin()
{
myWindow.close();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="Open 'myWindow'" onclick="openWin()" />
<input type="button" value="Close 'myWindow'" onclick="closeWin()" />
52
</body>
</html>
XP

frames
navigator
location
history
document
screen
• frames: The frames property returns an array of all the frames
(including iframes) in the current window.

53
XP
NAVIGATOR OBJECT

navigator : The navigator object contains information about the browser.


Read-only!
Property Description
appCodeName Returns the code name of the browser
appName Returns the name of the browser
Returns the version information of the
appVersion
browser
Determines whether cookies are enabled
cookieEnabled
in the browser
Boolean, returns true if the browser is on
onLine
line, otherwise false.
Returns for which platform the browser is
Platform
compiled
Returns the user-agent header sent
54 by
userAgent
the browser to the server
XP
NAVIGATOR OBJECT

<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("Browser Name is: " + navigator.appName);
document.write("<br>Browser Code is: " + navigator.appCodeName);
document.write("<br>Browser Version No is: " + navigator.appVersion);
document.write("<br>Platform is: " + navigator.platform);
document.write("<br>User agent Header: " + navigator.userAgent);
document.write("<br>Cookies Enabled is: " + navigator.cookieEnabled);
</script>
</body>
</html>
55
XP

• Browser Name is: Netscape


Browser Code is: Mozilla
Browser Version No is: 5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64;
x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36
Platform is: Win32
User agent Header: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3;
Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like
Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36
Cookies Enabled is: true

Tutorial 10 56
XP
SCREEN OBJECT

• screen : it will give information about size of user’s display and color
depth.
Property Description
Returns the height of the screen
availHeight
(excluding the Windows Taskbar)
Returns the width of the screen
availWidth
(excluding the Windows Taskbar)
Returns the bit depth of the color palette
colorDepth
for displaying images
height Returns the total height of the screen
Returns the color resolution (in bits per
pixelDepth
pixel) of the screen
57
width Returns the total width of the screen
XP
Location Object

• The location object contains information about the current URL.

• The location object is part of the window object and is accessed through the
window.location property.

• This differs from the document object because the document is the real
content; the location is simply the URL.

• URL consists of many components that define the address and method of
data transfer for a file.

• Pieces of a URL include the protocol (such as http:) and the hostname (such
as www.giantco.com).

• Setting the location.href property is the primary way your scripts navigate to
other pages: location.href = “http://www.dannyg.com” 58
XP
Location Object

Property Description
Returns the hostname and port of a
host
URL
hostname Returns the hostname of a URL
href Returns the entire URL
pathname Returns the path name of a URL
Returns the port number the server
port
uses for a URL
protocol Returns the protocol of a URL

search Returns the query portion of a URL


59
XP
History Object

• The history object contains the URLs visited by the user (within a
browser window).

• Each window maintains a list of recent pages that the browser has
visited.

• While the history object’s list contains the URLs of recently visited
pages, those URLs are not generally accessible by script due to
privacy and security limits imposed by browsers.

• Methods of the history object allow for navigating backward and


forward through the history relative to the currently loaded page.
60
XP
History Object

Property Description
Returns the number of
length
URLs in the history list
Method Description
Loads the previous URL in
back()
the history list
Loads the next URL in the
forward()
history list
Loads a specific URL from
go()
the history list

61
XP
History Object

• <html>
<head>
<script>
function goBack()
{
window.history.go(-2);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="Go back 2 pages" onclick="goBack()">
</body>
</html> 62
XP
The Link Object

• A link object is the object model equivalent of an <A> tag when the tag
includes an HREF attribute.

• When you want to click a link to execute a script rather than navigate directly
to another URL, you can redirect the HREF attribute to call a script function.

• The technique called as javascript: URL.

• If you place the name of a function after the javascript: URL, then a
scriptable browser runs that function.

63
XP
The Link Object

• The function should probably perform some navigation in the end.

The syntax for this construction in a link is as follows:

• <A HREF=”javascript:void”
onClick=“functionName([parameter1]..[parameterN])”> </A>

• The void keyword prevents the link from trying to display any value
that the function may return.

• javascript: URL technique for all tags that include HREF. If an


attribute accepts a URL, it can accept this javascript: URL .

64
XP
DOM & Web Browser Environment

Document Object Model (DOM) is a set of platform independent and


language neutral application programming interface which describes
how to access and manipulate the information stored in XML, XHTML
and JavaScript documents.

DOM is an API that defines the interface between XHTML and


application program.

That means, suppose application program is written in JAVA and this


java program wants to access the elements of XHTML web document
then it is possible by using a set of API which belongs to DOM.

65
XP
DOM History and Levels

A simple DOM was implemented in Netscape 2.0 browser. write()


method is used.
LEVEL DESCRIPTION
DOM 0 This model is supported by early browsers. This level could
support JavaScript. This version was implemented in
Netscape 3.0 and IE 3.0 browser.
DOM 1 Issued in 1998 which was focused on XHTML & XML.
DOM 2 Issued in 2000 that could specify the style sheet. It also
supports the event model with in the document.
DOM 3 Current release of DOM specification published in 2004. this
version could deal with XML with DTD and schema,
document validations, document views and formatting.
66
XP
DOM Tree

The document in DOM are represented using a tree like structure in


which every element is represented as a node.

Basic terminologies used in DOM tree as follows:

1. Every element in the DOM tree is called node.

2. The topmost single node in the DOM tree is called root.

3. Every child node must have parent node.

4. The bottommost nodes that have no children are called leaf nodes.

5. The nodes that have the common parent are called siblings.

67
XP
DOM Tree

<html>
Document
<head>

<title> First Page </title>


<head> <body>
</head>

<body>

<h1> Hello </h1>

<h2> How are you </h2> <title> <h1> <h2>


</body>

</html> First Page Hello How are you


68
XP
Forms And Validation

• Required Fields
The function below checks if a field has been left empty. If the
field is blank, an alert box alerts a message, the function returns
false, and the form will not be submitted:

function validateForm()
{
var x=document.form1.fname.value;
if (x==null || x=="")
{
alert("First name must be filled out");
document.form1.fname.focus();
return false;
}
69
}
XP
Forms And Validation

• Validating User:
function f1()
{
var myform = document.f1;
if(myform.pass.value==“letmein”)
{
document.write(“Welcome”);
returm true;
}
else
{
alert(“Wrong Password”);
myform.pass.focus(); 70

}}
XP
Forms And Validation

• Validating Password & Confirm password field


function f1()
{
if(document.form1.pass.value != document.form1.cpass.value)
{
alert('Confirm Password Not Match');
document.form1.cpass.focus();
document.form1.cpass.select;
return false;
}
}

71
XP
Forms And Validation

E-mail Validation
• The function below checks if the content has the general syntax of an
email.
• This means that the input data must contain an @ sign and at least
one dot (.). Also, the @ must not be the first character of the email
address, and the last dot must be present after the @ sign, and
minimum 2 characters before the end
function validateForm()
{ abc_123@yahoo.co.in
var x=document.forms["myForm"]["email"].value;
var atpos=x.indexOf("@");
var dotpos=x.lastIndexOf(".");
if (atpos<1 || dotpos<atpos+2 || dotpos+2>x.length)
{
alert("Not a valid e-mail address"); 72

return false; } }
XP
Forms And Validation

Email Validation using Regular Expression:

function f1(){

var check=document.form1.email.value;

Document.write(testmail(check));

function testmail(chkmail){

var emailpattern=“^[\\w-_\.]*[\\w-_\.]\@[\\w]\.+[\\w]+[\\w]$”;

var regex = new RegExp(emailpattern); // Regular Expression is created

return regex.test(chkmail); // tested against incoming parameters

}
73
XP
Forms And Validation

The first section is: ^[\\w-_\.]

This sequence begin with ^. Means check the first character is a word
represented by \\w. it can be also _, - which normally not used but are legal.

The second section is: *[\\w-_\.]

The * means that the next series of characters described can be repeated many
times of not at all.

The third section is: \@[\\w]\.+

This section begin with @ character. Followed by word character and then at
least one dot (.).

The last part is: [\\w]+[\\w]$


74
There are some character after last dot (.).
XP
Forms And Validation

Text-related objects

• Four text-related HTML form elements—text, password and

TEXTAREA—is an element in the document object hierarchy.

• The single most used property of a text-related element is the value


property. This property represents the current contents of the text
element.

• A script can retrieve and set its content at any time.

var field = document.formname.converter.value

field.value = “abc”
75
<INPUT TYPE=”text” NAME=”converter” VALUE=”sample”>
XP
Forms And Validation

The Checkbox Object


• The key property of a checkbox object is whether or not the box is
checked.
• The checked property is a Boolean value: true if the box is checked,
false if not.
<INPUT TYPE=”checkbox” NAME=”checkThis”>Check here<BR>
if (document.form1.checkThis.checked)
{
alert(“The box is checked.”)
} else
{
alert(“The box is not checked at the moment.”)
} 76
XP
Forms And Validation

The Radio Object


• The key property of a Radio object is whether or not the box is
checked.
• The checked property is a Boolean value: true if the box is checked,
false if not.
<FORM>
<B>Select your favorite Color:</B>
<INPUT TYPE=”radio” NAME=”Color” VALUE=”Red” CHECKED />Red
<INPUT TYPE=”radio” NAME=”Color” VALUE=”Pink” />Pink
<INPUT TYPE=”radio” NAME=”Color” VALUE=”Yellow” />Yellow<BR>
</FORM>
Accessing a radio button value
formname.color.checked
77
XP
Forms And Validation

Minimum & Maximum Characters for Password field:

function f1()

if(document.form1.pass.value.length <= "6“ &&


document.form1.pass.value.length>=“12”)

alert('Your Password Should have Min 6 & Max 12 Char');

document.form1.pass.focus();

return false;
78
}}
XP
Forms And Validation

Validating the Mobile Number:

function validate() {
var mobile = document.getElementById("mobile").value;
var pattern = “/^\d{10}$/”;
if (pattern.test(mobile)) {
alert("Your mobile number : "+mobile);
return true;
}
alert("It is not valid mobile number.input 10 digits number!");
return false; 79

}
XP
Forms And Validation

Validating Alphabetic Field:

var alphaExp = "/^[a-zA-Z]+$/";

if(document.form1.fname.value.match(alphaExp))

return true;

else{

alert("Letters only please!!!!!");

document.form1.fname.focus();
80

return false;}}
XP
Forms And Validation

The SELECT Object

• The SELECT object is really a compound object: an object that


contains an array of OPTION objects.

• Some properties belong to the entire SELECT object; others belong


to individual options inside the SELECT object.

– document.form1.selectName.value

This value is the index number of the currently selected item.

• the first item has an index of zero.

81
XP
Forms And Validation

<script language="javascript"> <form name="form1">


<select name="s"
function show()
onchange="show();">
{ <option value=Red> Red </option>
var value = document.form1.s.value
<option value=Yellow> Yellow
</option>
alert("You have selected "+value); <option value=Blue> Blue </option
} <option value=Black> Black
</option>
</script>
<option value=White> White
</option>
</select> </form>
82
XP
Forms And Validation

Radio Button Value:

<script language="javascript">

function f1(f_o){

alert("You have selected "+f_o.value); }

</script>

<form name="form1">

<input type="radio" name="group1" value="Red" onclick=f1(this)> Red


</br>

<input type="radio" name="group1" value="Blue" onclick=f1(this)>


83
Blue </br> </form>
XP
Forms And Validation

String Functions
Concatnation
var msg = “Four score” + “ and seven”
Changing string case
var result = string.toUpperCase()
var result = string.toLowerCase()
String searches
indexOf() function returns the position of a character in a string.
Strpos=stringname.indexOf(“@”);
which Char=stringName.charAt(index)
Example :
var stringA = “Building C”
• var bldgLetter = stringA.charAt(9) // result: bldgLetter = “C” 84
XP
Forms And Validation

• Processing of submitted information on the client side is advantage in


terms of resources – by not sending the data over to the server

• JavaScript can be used to validate data in HTML forms before


sending off the content to a server.

Form data that typically are checked by a JavaScript could be:

has the user left required fields empty?

has the user entered a valid e-mail address?

has the user entered a valid date?

has the user entered text in a numeric field?


85
XP
Timing Event

JavaScript Timing Events


• it is possible to execute some code after a specified time-interval.
This is called timing events.

• The two key methods that are used are:

setTimeout() - executes a code some time in the future

clearTimeout() - cancels the setTimeout()

The setTimeout() Method

var t=setTimeout("javascript statement",milliseconds);

The setTimeout() method returns a value.


86
To get a timer to work in infinite loop, write a function that calls itself.
XP
Timing Event

<html> <head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function timeMsg()
{
var t=setTimeout("alertMsg()",3000);
}
function alertMsg()
{
alert("Hello");
}
</script> </head>
<body> <form>
<input type="button" value="Display alert box in 3 seconds"
onclick="timeMsg()" />
</form> </body>
87
</html>
XP
Timing Event

<!DOCTYPE html> document.getElementById("txt").in


<html> nerHTML = h + ":" + m + ":" + s;
<body onload="startTime()"> var t = setTimeout(function(){
startTime() }, 500);
<div id="txt"></div>
}
<script>
function startTime() {
function checkTime(i) {
var today = new Date();
if (i < 10) {
var h = today.getHours();
i = "0" + i;
var m = today.getMinutes();
}
var s = today.getSeconds();
return i;
// add a zero in front of numbers<10
}
m = checkTime(m);
</script>
s = checkTime(s); 88
XP

Timing Event

JavaScript Timing Events if (!timer_is_on)


<html> <head> {
<script type="text/javascript"> timer_is_on=1;
var c=0; var t; var timer_is_on=0; timedCount();
}
function timedCount() }
{ </script> </head>
document.getElementById('txt').valu <body>
e=c; <form>
c=c+1; <input type="button" value="Start
t=setTimeout("timedCount()",1000); count!" onclick="doTimer()">
} <input type="text" id="txt" />
function doTimer() </form> </body> </html>
{
89
XP
Timing Event

JavaScript Timing Events


The clearTimeout() Method
clearTimeout(setTimeout_variable)

See Timing Clock Example

90
XP

Timing Event

<html> <head> function stopCount()


<script type="text/javascript"> {
var c=0; var t; var timer_is_on=0; clearTimeout(t);
function timedCount() timer_is_on=0;
{ }
document.getElementById('txt').value=c; </script> </head>
c=c+1; <body>
t=setTimeout("timedCount()",1000); <form>
} <input type="button" value="Start
function doTimer() count!" onclick="doTimer()">
{ if (!timer_is_on) <input type="text" id="txt">
{ <input type="button" value="Stop
timer_is_on=1; count!" onclick="stopCount()">
timedCount(); </form> </body>
} } </html> 91
XP
Event, Attributes & Tags

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Blur onblur Losing the focus <button>
<input>
<a>
<textarea>
<select>
Change onchange On occurrence of some <input>
change <textarea>
<select>
Click onclick When user click the mouse <a>
button <input>
dbclick ondbclick When user double click the <a>
mouse button <input>
<button>92
XP
Event, Attributes & Tags

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Focus onfocus When user acquires the input <a>
focus <input>
<select>
<textarea>
Keyup onkeyup When user releases the key Form
from the keyboard Element
Keydown onkeydown When user presses the key Form
down Element
keypress onkeypress When user presses the key Form
Element
mousedown onmousedown When user clicks the left Form
mouse button Element
Mouseup onmouseup When user releases the left Form 93

mouse button Element


XP
Event, Attributes & Tags

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Mousemove onmousemove when user move the mouse Form
Elements
Mouseout onmouseout when user moves the mouse Form
away from some element Elements
Mouseover onmouseover when the user moves the Form
mouse over some element Elements
Load onload After getting the document <body>
loaded
Reset onreset when the reset button is <form>
clicked
Submit onsubmit when the submit button is <form>
clicked 94
XP
Event, Attributes & Tags

Events Event Attributes Meaning Associated


Tags
Select onselect On selection <input>
<textarea>
Unload onunload When user exits the document <body>
Onerror onerror An error occurred when <body>
loading a document or an
image

95
XP
Cookies

• Web Browser and Server use HTTP protocol to communicate and HTTP is a
stateless protocol. But for a commercial website it is required to maintain
session information among different pages. For example one user registration
ends after completing many pages. But how to maintain user's session
information across all the web pages.

• In many situations, using cookies is the most efficient method of


remembering and tracking preferences, purchases, commissions, and other
information required for better visitor experience or site statistics.

• A cookie is a variable that is stored on the visitor's computer. Each time the
same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the cookie too.
96
With JavaScript, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.
XP
How It Works ?

• Your server sends some data to the visitor's browser in the form of a
cookie. The browser may accept the cookie. If it does, it is stored as a
plain text record on the visitor's hard drive.

• Now, when the visitor arrives at another page on your site, the
browser sends the same cookie to the server for retrieval.

• Once retrieved, your server knows/remembers what was stored


earlier.

97
XP
Types

• There are two types of cookies:


– Session Cookies
• A browser stores session cookies in memory.
• Once a browser session ends, browser loses the contents of
a session cookie.
– Persistent Cookies
• Browsers store persistent cookies to a user’s hard drive.
• We can use persistent cookies to customize information
about a user that we can use when the user returns to a
website at a later date.

98
XP
Cookie Variables

Cookies are a plain text data record of 5 variable-length fields:


• Expires : The date the cookie will expire. If this is blank, the cookie will
expire when the visitor quits the browser.
• Domain : The domain name of your site. Specifies the domain for which the
cookie is valid.
• Path : The path to the directory or web page that set the cookie. This may be
blank if you want to retrieve the cookie from any directory or page.
commonly specified to /, the root directory.
• Secure : If this field contains the word "secure" then the cookie may only be
retrieved with a secure server. If this field is blank, no such restriction exists.
• Name=Value : Cookies are set and retrieved in the form of key and value
pairs. Value is an information we wish to save, in reference to a particular
cookie. name is an identifier by which we reference a particular cookie.
99
XP
Cookies as Objects

• JavaScript deals with cookies as objects.


• Specifically, JavaScript works with cookies using the
document.cookie attribute.
• We can read information from cookies by examining the
document.cookie object.

100
XP
Setting or Storing a Cookie

• The simplest way to create a cookie is to assign a string value to the


document.cookie object, which looks like this:

document.cookie="yourname=" + prompt("What is your name?");

Setting a Cookie – General Form

window.document.cookie =
“cookieName = cookieValue; expires = expireDate;
path = pathName; domain = domainName; secure”;

101
XP
Setting or Storing a Cookie

<script type="text/javascript">
function WriteCookie()
{
if( document.myform.customer.value == "" )
{
alert("Enter some value!");
return;
}
cookievalue= escape(document.myform.customer.value) + ";";
document.cookie="name=" + cookievalue;
alert("Setting Cookies : " + "name=" + cookievalue );
}
</script> 102
XP
Setting or Storing a Cookie

Cookie values may not include semicolons, commas, or whitespace.

For this reason, we have to use the JavaScript escape() function to encode the
value before storing it in the cookie.

103
XP
DHTML (Image Viewer)

<body>
<center>
<img id="imageviewer" title="abc" src="anim0.jpg" alt="w3Scools"
width="200" height="100" />
<form name="form1">
<input name="First" type="button" value="First" onclick="first()">
<input name="Previous" type="button" value="Previous"
onclick="previous()">
<input name="Next" type="button" value="Next" onclick="next()">
<input name="Last" type="button" value="Last" onclick="last()">
</br>
<input type="checkbox" name="automatic" value="Automatic"
onClick="automaticly()">
104
</form></center></body></html>
XP
DHTML (Image Viewer)

105
XP
DHTML (Image Viewer)

<script type="text/javascript">
var myImages=new Array();
myImages[0]="anim0.jpg";
myImages[1]="anim1.jpg";
myImages[2]="anim2.jpg";
myImages[3]="anim3.jpg";
myImages[4]="Desert.jpg";
myImages[5]="Jellyfish.jpg";
myImages[6]="Koala.jpg";
myImages[7]="Penguins.jpg";
myImages[8]="Waterfall.jpg";

var imagecounter=myImages.length-1; 106

var i=0;
XP
DHTML (Image Viewer)

function first()
{
document.getElementById('imageviewer').src=myImages[0];
i=0;
}
function last()
{
document.getElementById('imageviewer').src=myImages[imagecounter];
i=imagecounter;
}

107
XP
DHTML (Image Viewer)

function next()
{
if (i<imagecounter)
{
i++;
document.getElementById('imageviewer').src=myImages[i];
}}
function previous()
{
if (i>0)
{
i--;
document.getElementById('imageviewer').src=myImages[i]; 108

}}
XP
DHTML (Image Viewer)

function automaticly()
{
if (document.form1.automatic.checked)
{
if (i<myImages.length)
{
document.getElementById('imageviewer').src=myImages[i];
i++;
var delay = setTimeout("automaticly()",1500);
}
}
}
</script> 109

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