2023 AP® IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY STATISTICS PRACTICE EXAM

SECTION I
Time --- 1 hour and 30 minutes
Number of questions --- 40

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. Decide which is the best of
the choices given and fill in the corresponding box on the answer sheet. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.

1. A group of high school students were asked to name their favorite cafeteria meal. The following
frequency table shows their responses:

Food Item Frequency

Chicken Tenders 45

Hamburger/Cheeseburger & Fries 85

Hot Dog & Fries 8

Pasta 18

Pizza 70

Other 24

Which of the following statements is not supported by the table?

(A) More students chose Chicken Tenders than chose Pasta.

(B) 250 total students responded.

(C) A majority of the students chose the Hamburger/Cheeseburger & Fries option.

(D) Less than one-third of the students chose Pizza.

(E) The proportion of students choosing Hamburger/Cheeseburger & Fries is 6% greater

than the proportion of students choosing Pizza.

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 2. The following table shows the data collected from students at a local high school regarding their
favorite primary color.

Blue Yellow Red Total

Grade 9 9 15 6 28
Grade 10 12 8 7 27
Grade 11 7 10 9 26
Grade 12 14 4 9 29
Total 42 37 31 110

Which of the following statements is supported by the table?

(A) Yellow is the color least chosen by students surveyed at this high school.

(B) There were more 10th grade students surveyed than students in any other grades.

(C) The percentage of students who chose red is approximately 31%.

(D) The percentage of students in grade 11 who chose blue as their favorite primary color is
approximately 27%.

(E) Blue was the primary color chosen least by students in grade 9

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 3. A baseball league kept track of the speed of pitches (mph) for a season. The distribution of
these speeds is approximately normal with a mean of 86 and a standard deviation of 2.7. The
top 10% of baseball pitches from this baseball league are greater than what speed?
(A) 51.40
(B) 86.27
(C) 88.7
(D) 89.46
(E) 110.3

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 4. A used clothing consignment store advertises that over 80% of their consignors sell over 75% of
their consigned items within 3 months. A random sample of 100 consignors was collected. In this
sample 87 out of the 100 consignors had sold over 75% of their consigned items within 3 months.

Two students ran the following hypothesis test based on the information provided above.

Hypotheses Resulting p-value

𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 0.8
Student A p-value = 0.0801
𝐻𝐴 : 𝑝 ≠ 0.8

𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 0.75
Student B p-value = 0.0056
𝐻𝐴 : 𝑝 ≠ 0.75

Determine if there is statistical evidence at the alpha = 0.05 level of significance to support the
stores advertising claim that more than 80% of consignors sell over 75% of their consigned items
within 3 months.

(A) There is not statistically significant evidence to support the store’s claim since the p-
value of 0.0801 is greater than the significance level of 0.05.

(B) There is statistically significant evidence to support the store’s claim since the p-value
of 0.04 is less than the significance level of 0.05.

(C) There is statistically significant evidence to support the store’s claim since the p-value
of 0.0056 is less than the significance level of 0.05.

(D) There is statistically significant evidence to support the store’s claim since the p-value
of 0.0028 is less than the significance level of 0.05.

(E) There is not statistically significant evidence to support the store’s claim since the p-
value of 0.9599 is greater than the significance level of 0.05.

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 5. The amount of time (in minutes) spent hammering for an artist to correctly shape a metal bowl
was simulated as part of a pitch for a new reality TV show. The data are summarized in the graph
shown.

Use the graph to estimate the probability that an artist, chosen at random, will spend 40 or more
minutes shaping of the bowl.

(A) 0.04

(B) 0.05

(C) 0.08

(D) 0.11

(E) 0.15

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 6. Professor A and Professor Z wish to study the relationship between coffee drinking and exam
performance in their large lecture classes at a small college in Massachusetts. They approach their
data collection differently:
● Professor A gives an exam to the entire class. At the start of the exam, after asking for the
student’s name, the exam asks the questions: “Have you drank any coffee today? If so,
approximately how much?”

● Professor Z, a few days before the exam, selects ½ of his students at random. These
students receive a gift card to a campus coffee shop and are told that they must drink at
least one coffee drink before the exam. The other half of the class does not receive a free
gift card and are instructed not to drink any coffee before the exam.

After the exams are completed, both Professors analyze their exam results to determine if there is
a relationship between coffee drinking and exam performance. Which of the following
statements is true?

(A) Since both professors are asking the students to complete a task, both are performing a
controlled experiment.

(B) Any relationship these professors uncover between coffee drinking and exam performance
applies to the entire population of Massachusetts

(C) The population of interest for each of these professors is all coffee drinkers.

(D) Professor A is running an observational study, and Professor Z is running a controlled

experiment.

(E) The biggest weakness of Professor A’s research is undercoverage, while the most glaring
concern of Professor Z’s research is nonresponse bias.

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 7. A veterinarian designs an experiment to determine whether a new flea medication will work better
than the current medication he commonly prescribes for animals. The veterinarian identifies a
group of dogs that are currently infested with fleas. She randomly assigns the dogs to receive
either the new medication or to receive the current medication. She finds that the proportion of
surviving fleas on the dogs that took the new medication is significantly lower than the proportion
of surviving fleas on the dogs that took the current medication. The veterinarian concludes that
the new flea medication is better at killing fleas on animals. Is this the correct conclusion?

(A) No, because there was not a group that received a placebo.

(B) No, because the experiment was only done with dogs so the results cannot be generalized
to all animals with fleas.

(C) Yes, because the dogs were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups.

(D) Yes, because the proportion of surviving fleas was significantly lower for the new
medication.

(E) Yes, because there was a control group to reduce the effects of any lurking variables.

8. A curious customer wanted to determine if the distribution of types of miniature Hershey’s bars in
variety packs are produced with equal distribution among the types. A random sample of
Hershey’s miniature candy bars was taken, below is a table of the observed counts.

Mr. Goodbar Hershey Milk Chocolate Krackle Hershey Special Dark

44 46 38 32

Assume all conditions for inference are met. Which of the following is the expected number of
Krackle bars if the distribution among the types is equally distributed?

(A) 9.5
(B) 38
(C) 40
(D) 152
(E) 160

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 9. The Interstate Highway Act of 1957 designated a scheme for numbering of the Interstate highways
in the United States. A recent survey was taken asking people in the United States if they could
explain the difference between an odd-numbered highway and an even-numbered highway. In a
randomly selected sample of people aged 40 and older, 203 out of 240 were able to explain the
difference. In a randomly selected sample of people under the age of 40, 188 out of 240 were able
to explain the difference. Based on these samples, is there a significant difference in the
proportion of people in the United States aged 40 and older and people under age 40 who can
explain the difference between odd-numbered routes and even-numbered routes in the US
Interstate Highway numbering system?

Note: Odd-numbered routes generally run north to south and even-numbered routes generally run
east to west.

(A) Since the test statistic is 1.8 which is greater than 1, we can conclude there is a statistical
difference between the two age groups (40 and older versus under 40).

(B) Since 0.04 < 0.05, we can conclude there is a statistical difference between the two age
groups (40 and older versus under 40).

(C) Since 0.06 > 0.05, we can conclude there is insufficient evidence of a statistical difference
between the two age groups (40 and older versus under 40).

(D) Since 0.06 > 0, we can conclude there is a statistical difference between the two age
groups (40 and older versus under 40).

(E) Since 0.08 > 0.05, we can conclude there is a statistical difference between the two age
groups (40 and older versus under 40).

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 10. Apple North America keeps detailed records on all current Apple Watch owners. The
marketing director takes a random sample of 16 customer records and finds that the average
age of an Apple Watch owner is 36.4 years with a standard deviation of 7.8 years. Assuming
all conditions of inference were met, what is a 95% confidence interval estimate for the
average age of all Apple Watch owners?

7.8
(A) 36.4 ± 2.131 ×
4
7.8
(B) 36.4 ± 2.131 ×
16
7.8
(C) 36.4 ± 2.120 ×
4
7.8
(D) 36.4 ± 2.120 ×
16
7.8
(E) 36.4 ± 1.96 ×
4

11. The following computer output contains the results from fitting a simple linear regression
model to predict the diameter at breast height (DBH) in inches from its height in feet of black
cherry trees based on a random sample of 31 trees.

Predictor Coef SE Coef T P

Constant -6.18839 5.96 -1.038 0.30772
Height (ft) 0.25575 0.0782 3.272 0.00276

Assuming the conditions for inference are satisfied, which of the following gives a 95 percent
confidence interval for the true slope of the regression line based on this model?

(A) 0.25575 ± (3.272)(0.014)

(B) 0.25575 ± (3.272)(0.0782)

(C) 0.25575 ± (1.96)(0.0782)

(D) 0.25575 ± (2.045)(0.014)

(E) 0.25575 ± (2.045)(0.0782)

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 12. The histogram below shows magnitudes for 57 earthquakes.

Which interval will include the median magnitude for these 57 earthquakes?

(A) 1.0 to 1.5

(B) 1.5 to 2.0

(C) 2.5 to 3.0

(D) 3.5 to 4.0

(E) 6.5 to 7.0

10

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 13. Two types of medication were given to different patients to determine if there is a difference in the
proportion of adults who showed a reduction in headache symptoms within 30 minutes of taking
each medication. Eighteen out of the randomly sampled 300 adults given medication A did not see
a reduction in their headache symptoms within 30 minutes. Twenty-four out of another random
sample of 300 adults given medication B did not see a reduction in headache symptoms within 30
minutes of taking the medication.

Which of the following is the correct test statistic to test if there is statistical evidence of a
difference in the effectiveness between Medication A and Medication B?

0.94−0.92
(A)
2
√0.94∗0.06 ( )
600

0.94−0.92
(B)
1 1
√0.08∗0.92 ( + )
300 300

0.08−0.06
(C)
2
√0.06∗0.92 ( )
600

0.94−0.92
(D)
1 1
√0.06∗0.94 ( + )
300 300

0.94−0.92
(E)
1 1
√0.93∗0.07 ( + )
300 300

14. The height of each student at a large high school was measured and recorded. Suppose one
student at this school is randomly selected. Let A be the event that the student is taller than 60
inches; let B be the event that the student is taller than 70 inches; and let C be the event that the
student is shorter than 65 inches. Which of the following sets of events are mutually exclusive?

(A) Events A and B

(B) Events A and C

(C) Events (A  B) and C

(D) Events (A  C) and B

(E) Events (A  C) and B

11

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 15. Super Express Mart has a “speedy checkout” lane for people who have 6 items or less. The
random variable S is the number of items purchased by a person in the “speedy checkout” lane. S
follows the distribution shown in the table below.

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(S) 0.25 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.30 0.03 0.02

Assuming the number of items purchased are independent, what is the probability that 3 of the
next 5 people in line will have 2 or fewer items?

5
(A) ( )(0.10)3(0.90)2
3
5
(B) ( )(0.25)3(0.75)2
3

5
(C) ( )(0.35)3(0.65)2
3

(D) (0.35)3(0.65)2

(E) 0.10 + 0.25

16. Benny visits an ice cream shop that has a large machine with many gumballs in a variety of colors.
There is a sign on the gumball machine that reads “Win a free ice cream cone if you get a white
gumball!” Suppose that only 14% of the gumballs in the machine are white. Which of the
following represents the likelihood Benny gets his first white gumball on his 5th attempt?

5
(A) ( ) (0.14)1 (0.86)4
1

(B) (0.14)5

5
(C) ( ) (0.14)4 (0.86)1
1

(D) (0.14)5 (0.86)1

(E) (0.86)4 (0.14)1

12

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 17. The following table shows data collected on types of homes randomly chosen from three different
neighborhoods.
House Style
Ranch Cottage Townhouse Total
Chestnut Lake 14 6 21 41
Neighborhood Alexander Woods 21 10 14 45
Magnolia Estates 15 8 23 46
Total 50 24 58 132

Based on the results above, what proportion of the randomly selected homes are ranch or cottages?

24
(A)
132

50
(B)
132

58
(C)
132

74
(D)
132

86
(E)
132

13

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 18. A random sample of 12 types of movie candy was selected. The scatter plot shows the relationship
between the amount of sugar and the number of calories in each type of candy. Peanut M&Ms is
the candy represented by the circled point on the scatter plot. What would happen to the slope of
the least-squares regression line and correlation if this point was removed?

(A) Both the slope and the correlation would increase.

(B) Both the slope and the correlation would decrease.

(C) The slope would increase, and the correlation would decrease.

(D) The slope would decrease, and the correlation would increase.

(E) Neither the slope nor the correlation would change.

14

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 19. For the population of 2-year colleges in the U.S., the distribution of total student enrollment is
extremely skewed right with a mean of 4093.2 and standard deviation of 6039.3.

Consider the sampling distribution of sample mean enrollment for three different sample sizes.
Sampling Distribution 1 is based on samples of 10 colleges, Sampling Distribution 2 is based on
samples of 30 colleges, and Sampling Distribution 3 is based on samples of 40 colleges.

Which is most likely true about the 3 sampling distributions?

(A) All three sampling distributions will be equally skewed right because the population is
extremely skewed right.

(B) All three sampling distributions will be approximately normal because sampling
distributions are normally distributed.

(C) Sampling Distribution 1 will be skewed right but Sampling Distributions 2 and 3 will be
approximately normal because they have large sample sizes.

(D) Sampling Distributions 1 and 2 will likely be skewed right considering the population
distribution is extremely skewed right and Sampling Distribution 3 will be exactly normal.

(E) All three sampling distributions will likely be skewed right, but Sampling Distribution 1
will be the most skewed and Sampling Distribution 3 will be the least skewed.

20. Some wood products are treated with chemicals to make them last longer, resist rot, and stand up
to weather. A company is testing two different chemical mixtures, Green and Brown, to treat their
wood products. They are interested in knowing which mixture is more easily absorbed by wood.
The scientists collect 40 pieces of the same type of wood, all with the same dimensions. The
scientists select the two heaviest pieces and randomly assign one of the pieces to receive the Green
mixture and one the Brown mixture. They then pick the next two heaviest pieces and randomly
assign one of these to receive the Green mixture and one the Brown mixture. They repeat this
until all the pieces have been assigned. Each piece of wood is measured to determine the amount
of mixture absorbed. This study uses which of the following?

(A) Cluster Sampling

(B) Systematic Sampling

(C) A completely randomized design

(D) A matched pair design

(E) A randomized block, but not matched pairs

15

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 21. Which of the following is the best description of the relationship displayed in the following
scatterplot?

(A) Negative, linear, and strong

(B) Positive, linear, and strong
(C) Negative, nonlinear, and moderate
(D) Positive, nonlinear, and moderate
(E) Negative, nonlinear, and strong

16

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 22. A survey was conducted with a random sample of 250 U.S. adults who had school-age children
and 300 U.S. adults who did not have school-age children. Each adult reported their current salary.
The average salary for the 250 adults who had school-age children was $54,420 and the average
salary for the 300 adults who did not have school-age children was $63,050.

Research Question: Is the population mean salary different for people who have school-age
children versus those not having school-age children?

What is the correct alternative hypothesis statement?

(A) µ1 ≠ µ2 where 1 = people who have school-age children and 2 = people who do not have
school-age children

(B) µ1 = µ2 where 1 = people who have school-age children and 2 = people who do not have
school-age children

(C) µ1 < µ2 where 1 = people who have school-age children and 2 = people who do not have
school-age children

(D) p1 ≠ p2 where 1 = people who have school-age children and 2 = people who do not have
school-age children

(E) p1 < p2 where 1 = people who have school-age children and 2 = people who do not have
school-age children

23. A 95% confidence interval for 𝜇𝐴 − 𝜇𝐵 is (-4.5, 5.2). Based on this information, which of the
following is an appropriate conclusion? Assume all conditions for inference are met.

(A) We have sufficient evidence to suggest that 𝜇𝐴 > 𝜇𝐵

(B) We have sufficient evidence to suggest that 𝜇𝐴 < 𝜇𝐵

(C) We have sufficient evidence to suggest that 𝑥𝐴 < 𝑥𝐵

(D) We do not have sufficient evidence to suggest 𝜇𝐴 is different from 𝜇𝐵

(E) We do not have sufficient evidence to suggest that 𝑥𝐴 is different from 𝑥𝐵

17

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 24. A random sample of 300 seniors from Rockland High School and a random sample of 200 seniors
from South Lake High School were asked how far, in miles, their college of choice is from their
home. The results are summarized in the following graph:

Which of the following statements about the sampled students is supported by the bar chart?

(A) Within 10 miles was the most popular response from students at both high schools.

(B) Three quarters of the students at Rockland have a college of choice within 50 miles
of home.

(C) More students at South Lake High School wish to stay within 10 miles of home
than students at Rockland High School who wish to stay within 10 miles of home.

(D) More than twice as many students at Rockland High School wish to be between 50-
100 miles from home than students at South Lake High School.

(E) More students at Rockland High School than at South Lake High School wish to be
more than 100 miles away from home.

18

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 25. The probability of a Type II Error decreases when which of the following
occur, provided the others do not change?

(A) The sample size decreases.

(B) The significance level (alpha) of the test decreases.

(C) The standard error increases.

(D) The true parameter value is farther from the value in the null hypothesis.

(E) Type I Error decreases.

26. A manufacturing company conducts a study to compare two methods for transporting and storing
methyl methacrylate to determine which method results in fewer safety concerns. Method A uses a
hydroquinone-based inhibitor and Method B uses a much less common phenothiazine-based
inhibitor. The researchers randomly select 20 containers of methyl methacrylate from the
containers produced in a day and then randomly assign Method A to 10 of the containers and
Method B to the remaining 10 containers. The researchers find that Method A has significantly
fewer safety concerns than Method B.

Based on the results of the study, can the researchers state that the decrease in safety concerns is
caused by the use of Method A?

(A) Yes, since the methods were randomly assigned to containers.

(B) Yes, since the containers were randomly selected from all containers.

(C) No, the methods needed to be assigned to at least 30 containers.

(D) No, since the researchers should not have both randomly selected containers and randomly
assigned the methods to the containers.

(E) No, since the day for selecting the containers was not selected at random.

19

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 27. It is claimed that more than 65% of parents begin reading to their child aloud when the child is an
infant. A random sample of 256 parents in a school district were selected, and 180 began reading
to their child aloud when their child was an infant. A z-test was conducted to test the claim and the
p-value was 0.04. Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation of the p-value?

(A) 0.04 is the probability that 180 out of 256 randomly selected parents began reading to their
child aloud when the child was an infant if the population proportion actually is 0.65.

(B) 0.04 is the probability that 180 or more out of 256 randomly selected parents began
reading to their child aloud when the child was an infant if the population proportion
actually is 0.65.

(C) 0.04 is the probability that 70% or more parents began reading to their child aloud when
the child was an infant if the sample proportion actually was 0.65.

(D) 0.04 is the probability that 70% of parents began reading to their child aloud when the
child was an infant if the population proportion actually is more than 0.65.

(E) 0.04 is the probability that 65% or more randomly selected parents begin reading to their
child aloud when the child was an infant if the population proportion actually is 0.70.

28. Last January, the State of Iowa organized an optional Day of Service. At a large high school in
Jasper County, Iowa, only 12% of the students participated in the Day of Service activities at the
school. As part of the check-in process at the high school, AP Statistics students gave each
participant a blank piece of 8.5"x11" paper and asked the student to fold the paper in half.
Eighteen of the 80 participants folded the paper in half lengthwise (18/80 = 0.225).

Students wish to test the hypotheses 𝐻0 : 𝑝 = 0.25 vs. 𝐻𝐴 : 𝑝 < 0.25, where 𝑝 is the proportion of
all students at this high school who would have folded the piece of paper in half lengthwise.
Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) A one-sample z-test is appropriate since all conditions are met.

(B) The independence condition is not satisfied, so a one-sample z-test is not appropriate.

(C) There are too few successes and failures, so a one-sample z-test is not appropriate.

(D) The sample size is not large enough, so a one-sample z-test is not appropriate.

(E) The significance level is not specified, so a one-sample z-test is not appropriate.

20

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 29. The Pew Research Center conducted a survey in 2018 with a random sample of U.S. adults and the
following probabilities were estimated. You may assume all probability statements and questions
are about U.S. adults in 2018.
• The probability they had not read a book in the past year was 0.22.
• The probability of being in age group 18-44 was 0.44.
• The probability of being in age group 18-44 and having not read a book in the past year was
0.12.
• The probability of being in age group 45 or more and having not read a book in the past year
was 0.10.

Consider the events “not reading a book in the past year” and “age group 18-44.” Are these events
independent?

(A) No, because if we know they are aged 18-44, their probability of not reading a book in the
past year increased from 0.22 to 0.27.

(B) No, because if we know they are aged 18-44, their probability of not reading a book in the
past year decreased from 0.22 to 0.10.

(C) No, because they can be both aged 18-44 and not read a book in the past year at the same
time, with a probability of 0.10.

(D) Yes, because the probability of not reading a book in the past year is 0.22 and that should
not be affected by how old they are.

(E) Yes, because the probability of not reading a book in the past year is 0.22 and the
probability they are aged 18-44 is 0.44.

21

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 30. In a random sample of 213 students at a university, 140 were involved in extracurricular activities.
Assuming all necessary conditions have been met, which of the following gives a 90% confidence
interval for the proportion of the population of students at the university who are involved in
extracurricular activities.

0.657(1−0.657)
(A) 140 ± 1.96√ 213

0.657(1−0.657)
(B) 140 ± 1.645√ 140

0.657(1−0.657)
(C) 0.657 ± 1.96√ 213

0.657(1−0.657)
(D) 0.657 ± 1.645√ 213

0.657(1−0.657)
(E) 0.657 ± 1.645√ 140

31. In 2021, information from the US Census indicated that 29% of US households were single person
households. In 2022, a group of researchers surveyed 1000 random US households and found that
310 of these households were single person households. The researchers computed a 95%
confidence interval for the percentage of single person US households to be (0.2813, 0.3387).
What can we claim based on the calculations provided here?

(A) There is sufficient evidence at the 0.05 level of significance to indicate there is no
difference in the percentage of single person US households between 2021 and 2022.

(B) There is sufficient significant evidence at the 0.05 level of significance to suggest there is a
difference in the percentage of single person US households between 2021 and 2022.

(C) There is not sufficient evidence at the 0.05 level of significance to suggest a significant
difference in the percentage of single person US households between 2021 and 2022.

(D) All new samples of 1000 US households in 2022 will show the percentage of single person
households as between 28.13 and 33.87 percent.

(E) The percentage of single person households in 2021 and 2022 is the same.

22

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 32. Super Express Mart has a “speedy checkout” lane for people who have 6 items or less. The
random variable S is the number of items purchased by a person in the “speedy checkout” lane. S
follows the distribution shown in the table below.

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(S) 0.25 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.30 0.03 0.02

The mean of S is 3.84. Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of the mean?

A) If a person is to be randomly selected from the “speedy checkout” lane, the number of
items purchased by that person is 3.84 items.

B) Since a person who goes through the “speedy checkout” lane can’t buy 3.84 items, the
mean number of items purchased by a person in the “speedy checkout” should be 4.

C) Most people who go through the “speedy checkout” get 3 or 4 items.

D) If a few people are randomly selected from the “speedy checkout” lane, the average
number of items they purchased would be 3.84 items.

E) The average number of items purchased by all people using the “speedy checkout” lane is
3.84 items.

23

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 33. Employees were randomly sampled from two large corporations. Out of 68 randomly selected
employees from Corporation A, 58 were happy with their job. Out of 74 randomly selected
employees from Corporation B, 52 were happy with their job. A 95 percent confidence interval
was computed as follows:

Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation of the 95 percent confidence interval?

(A) We are 95% confident the proportion of employees happy with their job at both
corporations is between 0.016 and 0.284.

(B) We are 95% confident the sample proportion of employees happy with their job at both
corporations is between 0.016 and 0.284.

(C) We are 95% confident the difference in population proportions of employees happy with
their job at Corporation A and Corporation B is between 0.016 and 0.284.

(D) We are 95% confident the difference in the number of employees happy with their job at
Corporation A and Corporation B is between 0.016 and 0.284.

(E) We are 95% confident the proportion of 68 employees happy with their job at Corporation
A minus the proportion of 74 employees happy with their job at Corporation B is between
0.016 and 0.284.

24

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 34. Alpaca farmers are aware there is often a linear relationship between the age, in years, of an alpaca
and the amount of fleece produced, in ounces per month. The least-squares regression line
̂ = 40.8 − 1.1(𝐴𝑔𝑒). Based on the model, what is the
produced from a random sample is 𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑐𝑒
expected difference in the amounts of fleece of an alpaca of 5 years and an alpaca of 10 years?

(A) An alpaca of 5 years is expected to produce 1.1 less ounces per month than an alpaca of 10
years.

(B) An alpaca of 5 years and an alpaca of 10 years are both expected to produce 40.8 ounces
per month.

(C) An alpaca of 5 years is expected to produce 5.5 less ounces per month than an alpaca of 10
years.

(D) An alpaca of 5 years is expected to produce 5.5 more ounces per month than an alpaca of
10 years.

(E) An alpaca of 5 years is expected to produce 1.1 more ounces per month than an alpaca of
10 years.

25

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 35. The average amount of time spent on a customer’s first visit on the Blamazon website, an online
retailer, is 14 minutes. Blamazon is redesigning their website to determine if they can increase the
average amount of time spent on their first visit to their website. A random sample of 45 potential
customers (not current Blamazon account holders) is chosen. Only these 45 potential customers
are given access to the new redesigned Blamazon website. Each of the potential customers visited
the new website, the histogram below shows the distribution of time spent per first visit for those
45 account holders.

Researchers would like to conduct a one sample t-test for population mean time spent on the first
visit to the Blamazon website based on this study. Is the condition that the sampling distribution is
normally distributed satisfied? Why?

(A) Yes, because all expected counts are greater than 5.

(B) Yes, because np and n(1-p) are greater than 10, where n is the sample size and p is the
proportion of account holders that spent more than 14 minutes on the website.

(C) Yes, because the sample size is large enough.

(D) No, the histogram is skewed right therefore the sampling distribution for the sample mean
is not normally distributed.

(E) No, because the population standard deviation is not given.

26

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 36. In a study to estimate the proportion of people who are able to roll their tongue, data were
collected on 1734 individuals. The results are shown in the table below.

Ability to roll tongue

Yes No Total
Male 466 216 682
Female 482 570 1052
Total 948 786 1734

Suppose one person is selected at random from this sample. If the person is a male, what is the
probability that the person can roll his tongue?

(A) 0.269

(B) 0.393

(C) 0.492

(D) 0.683

(E) 0.719

27

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 37. Prior to taking an exam, students were given the option to take a practice exam. Out of a random
sample of 55 students who took the practice exam, their average exam score was 85% with a
standard deviation of 12%. Out of a random sample of 65 students who did not take the practice
exam, their average exam score was 76% with a standard deviation of 24%.

A hypothesis based on the t-distribution was conducted to see if the population mean exam score
for students who take a practice exam is more than the population mean exam score for students
who do not take a practice exam. Assuming the conditions for the test are met, which of the
following is an accurate representation of the p-value?

(A) Graph 1

(B) Graph 2

(C) Graph 3

(D) Graphs 1 and 2

(E) None of the graphs

28

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 38. Devon researched the distance of various cities from Atlanta, Georgia compared to the round-trip
airfare to each city. Devon’s results are displayed in the scatterplot below.

According to the least squares regression line, which city has the best “value” in airfare based on
its distance from Atlanta? A “best value” for this context is defined as having the largest negative
residual.

(A) City A

(B) City B

(C) City C

(D) City D

(E) City E

29

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 39. The Very Good Cookie company manufactures cookies with a mean weight of 3.1 grams and a
standard deviation of 0.25 grams. The distribution of weights of cookies is approximately normal.
Cookies more than 0.4 grams away from the mean weight are removed before packaging and
recycled for other products, such as ice cream. Which is closest to the probability that a randomly
selected cookie will be recycled for use in other products?

(A) 0.06

(B) 0.11

(C) 0.32

(D) 0.69

(E) 0.89

40. A factory producing smart phones has been criticized for recent quality control issues. A newly
hired Quality Control Engineer decides to randomly select one of the first 50 phones to come off
the assembly line on a given day. That phone, and every subsequent 50th phone, will be taken off
the line, turned on, and checked for quality and reliability. What sampling technique is the
Quality Control Engineer employing?

(A) Cluster Sample

(B) Convenience Sample
(C) Simple Random Sample
(D) Stratified Random Sample
(E) Systematic Sample

30

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 STATISTICS
SECTION II
Total Time – 1 hour and 30 minutes
6 Questions

Part A
Suggested Time – 1 hour and 5 minutes
5 Questions
Directions: Show all your work. Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctness of
your methods as well as on the accuracy and completeness of your results and explanations.

1. A local recycling center receives clear, brown, and green glass. Recyclable clear glass is used for food
jars and some drink containers. Brown glass is used for beer and soft drinks containers. Green glass is
used for wine, beer, and soft drink containers. Currently, the recycling center transports three containers,
one for each color, to the processing plant every two weeks. These trips require three trucks, one for
each color, and the center incurs costs for every trip. Each truck can hold up to 2,500 pounds of glass.
They have noticed that many of these trips do not leave the center with a full load. They have decided to
collect data for one year to help determine if they can establish a more cost-effective schedule for trips
to the processing plant. Every two weeks the total pounds of glass, by color, received by the processing
plant are recorded. Data for 24 consecutive two-week periods in 2022 were used to construct boxplots as
shown below.

31

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 A) Based on your boxplot, compare the variability of the distribution of pounds of glass, by color,
transported to the processing center in 2022. Justify your answer.

A table of summary statistics for the pounds of clear glass transported to the processing center in 2022 is given
below.
Type of Glass Mean Standard Deviation
clear 536.625 40.67

B) Consider two rules for identifying outliers, method A and method B. Let method A represent the
1.5 × 𝐼𝑄𝑅 rule, and let method B represent the 2 standard deviations rule. The boxplot uses method A
to determine outliers and indicates that the values 602 and 650 pounds of clear glass are potential
outliers. Using method B, determine if these values are considered potential outliers in the distribution
of pounds of clear glass transported to the processing center in 2022. Justify your answer.

32

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 A table of summary statistics and two histograms (one for green glass and one for brown glass) for pounds
of glass transported to the processing center in 2022 are given below.
Type of Glass Mean Standard Deviation
Green 820.29 206.47
Brown 835.54 180.26

C) Based on the summary statistics, identify which histogram (I or II) represents the distribution for the
pounds of green glass transported to the processing center in 2022 and which histogram (I or II)
represents the distribution for the brown glass. Explain your answer.

33

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 2. Darin has 4,000 comic books contained in 16 long boxes of 250 comic books in each long box. The comics are
arranged alphabetically by title, e.g. Avengers, and numerically by issue number within each title, e.g. Issue #1,
Issue #2, ……
Comic book values vary widely depending on two factors:
Issue number - Older comic books with lower issue numbers are generally more valuable.
Title - Certain titles with popular characters may be worth more than titles starring less popular
characters.

A) Since comic book values vary widely depending on the issue number and the title, Darin wishes to obtain a point
estimate for the average value of a comic book in his collection and decides to randomly sample 500 books and
determine the current value of each book.

(i) Identify the population of interest.

(ii) Identify the response variable of interest.

B) Darin obtained a clustered sample by randomly selecting two boxes and surveying all the comics in each box.
Will this method result in a sample representative of all of Darin’s comic books? Explain your answer.

C) The fourth long box in Darin’s collection contains 250 unique comic books specifically about a character named
“Inedible Bulk”. These books are organized numerically from issue #1 to issue #250. Describe a method Darin
could use to select a systematic sample of 10 these “Inedible Bulk” comic books.

34

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 3. A Niffler is a magical creature who loves to collect shiny objects and store them in its pouch, much like
a kangaroo. For the population of common Nifflers, the amount a Niffler can hold in its pouch is
approximately normally distributed with a mean of 25 pounds of shiny objects and a standard deviation
of 6.8 pounds.

A) Albert Scamander, while studying magical creatures in Britain, one day found a Niffler who had 32
pounds in its pouch. What is the probability that a randomly selected Niffler can hold more than 32
pounds of shiny objects in its pouch? Show your work.

B) Albert spends a day specifically searching for Nifflers, each Niffler encountered can be considered
independent of the other Nifflers encountered. What is the probability that the first encounter of a Niffler
that can carry more than 32 pounds of shiny objects in its pouch would be the third Niffler he
encountered that day? Show your work.

Albert is concerned that the Nifflers that can carry more than 32 pounds of shiny objects in its pouch
may have come from a remote region of Britain that may contain Nifflers who have bigger pouches.
Suppose Albert visits that region, selects a random sample of five Nifflers, and finds that the average of
their pouches is more than 32 pounds of shiny objects.

C) What is the probability of getting this result from common Nifflers? Show your work.

D) Might the probability calculated in part (c) suggest to Albert that he has discovered a new subspecies of
Niffler? Justify your answer.

35

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 4. Halfway Hounds is a large animal shelter in New Jersey that focuses on difficult-to-adopt dogs, affectionately
known as “Geezers”. A random sample of 19 “Geezer” dogs that had been adopted had a mean time to adoption
of 30 weeks with a standard deviation of 10 weeks, and an approximately normal distribution. Do the data provide
convincing statistical evidence that the population mean time to adopt a “Geezer” dog is longer than 28 weeks
(the population mean time to adopt a “difficult-to-adopt” cat)? Justify your answer.

36

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 5. Professional sports teams are using data analytics to help them make informed decisions regarding player
recruitment and player performance. In 2017, Major League Soccer (MLS) collected data on all players from the
twenty-two teams in the Eastern and Western conferences. Players were divided into three classifications based on
their playing position: Defender (D), Midfielder (M) and Forward (F). In an effort to discover what factors impact
the number of goals scored, managers looked at the relationship between goals scored and the number of shots
attempted by players in all three positions for the 2017 season. The scatterplot for Forward players is shown
below.

A) Using the scatterplot, compare the relationship between the number of shots attempted and the number of goals
scored by Forward players.

37

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 The correlation coefficient for the shots attempted and goals scored for the Forward players is given in the table.

Correlation between SHOTS Position

and GOALS
0.8773 Forward

B) Agents for MLS Forwards want to show the importance of their players to MLS Managers. Compute and interpret
in context the value of the coefficient of determinations, r2, for Forwards.

Midfielders and Defenders also play an important part in the game and do not want to be left out of important salary
discussions which sometimes focus only on goal scoring. Their agents created a mosaic plot of all 556 goals scored in the
Eastern conference and 529 goals scored in the Western conference by playing position of the goal scorer.

Counts of Goals Scored by Each Position during the 2017 MLS Season

C) Calculate the percentage of goals scores by Midfielder and Defenders together for the Eastern conference, the
Western conference, and for major league soccer (MLS) overall in 2017. Show your work.

38

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 STATISTICS
SECTION II
Part B
Suggested Time – 25 minutes
1 Question
Directions: Show all your work. Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctness of
your methods as well as on the accuracy and completeness of your results and explanations.
A textile company can make fabric using either a vertically integrated (spin and weave) process (Method 1) or a non-
integrated (weave only) process (Method 2). After production, each piece of fabric is initially categorized as high quality
or low quality. The company wants to minimize the amount of low-quality fabric they produce, so they plan to compare
the two methods.
After collecting and rating a random sample of fabrics per method, the counts of quality ratings are shown in the table
below:

Low Quality High Quality Total

Method 1 10 65 75
Method 2 3 72 75
Total 13 137 150

A) In practice, the probability of a negative outcome, like producing a low-quality fabric, is called a risk.

(i) Compute the risk of low-quality fabric for each of the methods. Show your work.

(ii) The difference in risks, 𝑝1 − 𝑝2 , is called absolute risk. Provide an estimate for the absolute risk for
Method 1 versus Method 2. Show your work.

B) The 95% confidence interval for the absolute risk described above is (0.0045, 0.1821). Interpret this interval and
use it to determine whether there is evidence to suggest the two methods have different population risks of
producing low-quality fabric. Assume all appropriate conditions are met.

39

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.
 𝑝
C) Another technique for comparing risks is relative risk, 𝑝1 . Calculate the relative risk for Method 1 relative to
2
Method 2. Show your work.

D) The 95% confidence interval for the relative risk described above is (0.95, 11.63), assume all conditions for
inference were met. The company statistician noted that the value of 1 was contained inside this interval. How did
she use this fact to determine whether or not there is evidence to suggest the two methods have different
population risks of producing low-quality fabric? Justify your answer.

END OF EXAMINATION

40

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this exam.