ADJECTIVE & PREPOSITION

Grammar
What is an adjective?
Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns:
enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast. They can also describe the quantity of
nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.

Adjectives modify nouns

Most students learn that adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns.
Adjectives do not modify verbs or adverbs or other adjectives.

Example : Margot wore a beautiful hat to the pie-eating contest.

Example : Furry dogs may overheat in the summertime.
Example : My cake should have sixteen candles.
Example : The scariest villain of all time is Darth Vader.

What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words
within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a
sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed
directly in front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find prepositions in front of
gerund verbs.

Examples of prepotitions
I prefer to read in the library.
He climbed up the ladder to get onto the roof.
Please sign your name on the dotted line after you read the contract.
Go down the stairs and through the door.
He swam across the pool.
Take your brother with you.
Conversation (adjective in red, preposition in blue)
Mike : Hi monica
Monica : hi mike, it’s a small world isn’t it?
Mike : yeah, I’m surprised to see you here, so what are you doing here?
Monice : I’m looking for new clothes for my husband
Mike : so am I, what kind of cloth?
Monice : I need a pair of white t-shirt for medium size. Do you know here I can
get them?
Mike : yes they’re on the 2nd floor. you just need to go up. Let’s go together.
Monica : thanks mike
Mike : don’t mention it.
Now make your own conversation with your partner. Make sure you
include 5 prepositions and 5 adjectives into your conversation. GOOD
LUCK!

Speaking
Answer these questions by adding adjectives and prepositions to your
answers
1. Have you ever Climb mountain before?
2. Did you ever buy luxury outfit?
3. Did you ever climb a tree and couldn’t get down?
4. Have you ever met someone so rich/poor?
5. What is the best place you’ve ever been to?
Exercise! Choose the correct alternative
1. There isn’t many/much sugar in my coffee.
2. I don’t have many/much friends.
3. You have a little/a few time left.
4. Can you please buy a little/a few apples.
Form adjectives from the following verbs:
5. walk
6. amaze
Choose the adjective from each of the following groups of words:
7. interest, interesting, party
8. amount, colorful, medicine
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
9. The bone was _______ the dog.
a. About
b. For
c. After
d. Considering

10. We are going on vacation _______ August.

a. On
b. At
c. In
d. Since

11. Please put the vase ________ the table.

a. In
b. On
c. For
d. Over

12. I received a present ________ Janet.

a. From
b. Of
c. By
d. About

13. School begins ________ Monday.

a. In
b. On
c. From
d. Since
INTERNATIONAL DAYS
December 20 International Human Solidarity Day
November 25 International Day for the Elimination of Violence against
Women
November 21 World Television Day
October 5 World Teachers' Day
September 27 World Tourism Day
August 12 International Youth Day
April 23 English Language Day
May 8 Mother's day
January 1 New Year’s Day

Reading
August 17 Indonesia independence day
On Independence Day for indonesian, parades or carnivals take place on streets
in cities and villages across the nation. They might take the form of a modest
carnival, organized by local people, where children and sometimes adults wear
patriotic clothes, or traditional ethnic costumes. Some larger parades might be
held and organized by provincial, regency, or municipal governments, staged in
main thoroughfares of cities.
Some places may hold independence day carnivals not precisely on the 17
August, but usually on a Saturday or Sunday following the 17th. The parade and
carnival usually feature marching bands, decorative floats, patriotic parades and
cultural carnivals featuring traditional costumes of various ethnic groups of
Indonesia.
They usually start in Merdeka Square by the National Monument, parading
through capital main avenues; Thamrin and Sudirman avenues, passing Selamat
Datang Monument and the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex.
Vocabulary (kata vocabulary tidak memiliki bentuk jamak)
 Parade : parade Carnival : caranaval
 Patriotic : patriotic
 Staged : dipertunjukkan/dipentaskan
 Thoroughfares : jalan raya
 Marching : barisan
 Regency : Kabupaten
 Precisely : secara pas/tepat
 Be held/take place : dilaksanakan
 Municipal government : pemerintah
kota
 Featuring : mempersembahkan
 Decorative floats : Kendaraan
dekoratif
Now tell to the class about your favorite holiday!
Speaking
1. What is the most celebrated holiday in your town?
2. Are there special foods connected with the holiday?
3. Do you enjoy the holiday?
4. Do you decorate the outside of your house for the holiday?
5. What do you usually do for big holidays?
 KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
Grammar
Types of Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives
As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession.
They are:
My
Your etc
Demonstrative Adjectives
Like the article the, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate or demonstrate
specific people, animals, or things. These, those, this and that are demonstrative
adjectives.
These books belong on that
This movie is my favorite.
Numbers Adjectives
When they’re used in sentences, numbers are almost always adjectives. You can
tell that a number is an adjective when it answers the question “How many?”
The stagecoach was pulled by a team of six
He ate 23 hotdogs during the contest, and was sick afterwards.
Interrogative Adjectives
There are three interrogative adjectives: which, what, and whose. Like all other
types of adjectives, interrogative adjectives modify nouns. As you probably know,
all three of these words are used to ask questions.
“Which option sounds best to you?”
“What time should we go?”
Indefinite Adjectives
Like the articles a and an, indefinite adjectives are used to discuss non-specific
things. You might recognize them, since they’re formed from indefinite pronouns.
The most common indefinite adjectives are any, many, no, several, and few.
“Do we have any peanut butter?”
“Grandfather has been retired for many”
“There are no bananas in the fruit bowl”
Attributive Adjectives
Attributive adjectives talk about specific traits, qualities, or features – in other
words, they are used to discuss attributes. There are different kinds of attributive
adjectives:
1. Observation adjectives such as real, perfect, best, interesting, beautiful or
cheapest can indicate value or talk about subjective measures.
2. Size and shape adjectives talk about measurable, objective qualities including
specific physical properties. Some examples include small, large, square, round,
poor, wealthy, slow.
3. Age adjectives denote specific ages in numbers, as well as general ages.
Examples are old, young, new, five-year-old.
4. Color adjectives are exactly what they sound like – they’re adjectives that
indicate color. Examples include pink, yellow, blue.
5. Origin adjectives indicate the source of the noun, whether it’s a person, place,
animal or thing. Examples include American, Canadian, Mexican, French.
6. Material adjectives denote what something is made of. Some examples include
cotton, gold, wool.
7. Qualifier adjectives are often regarded as part of a noun. They make nouns
more specific; examples include log cabin, luxury car, and pillow cover.
MAKE 5 SENTENCES WITH ADJECTIVES INCLUDED!

Exercise
Find the adjective or adjectives that fit in each of the blanks best.
1. We visited the museum, where we saw ____________ artifacts.
A lot of
Ancient
John’s
A room filled with
2. I received ______________ awards at the ceremony today.
The manager’s
Two
Information about
Motivation at the
3. Please get me a bag of ____________ apples.
Interesting
Ripe red
Oranges and
Real
4. The president sat in a _______________ chair.
Important
Barber’s
Funny
Leather
5. ________________ weather is the norm in San Francisco.
Blue
Big
Foggy
The best

Conversation
Diana : whose books you’re carrying lee? and where are you going?
Lee : these are mitch’s. and I’m going to mitch’s office. he forgot he left his
books in my office.
Diana : them seem heavy, need some help?
Lee : oh thank god yesss of course. that’s very nice of you. thank you so much.
Diana : no problem. are they all mitch’s?
Lee : not quite. a few of them are mike’s as well.
Diana : what color are mike’s?
Lee : the blue one and and the reds. be careful, mitch’s books are important.
Diana : okay. wow this white book is very catchy but so big. makes it so heavy
to lift.
Lee : once again thank you so much for helping me. you’re the best. i’ll
probably be exhausted if did by myself. I’m too old to carry heavy things.
 HISTORICAL CELEBRATION IN INDONESIA
Reading
Birthday of Ibu Kartini ( April 21 )
Raden Ajeng Kartini is one of the Javanese female warriors who was born on April
21, 1879. She is famous for his idea to raise the degree of women you are called
the emancipation of women.
She is renowned for the tenacity and commitment of women’s education in their
environment and building schools for them.
In addition, Kartini’s mother is known for her writings made through the media of
letters and finally recorded as memories of her writings.
Birthday of Pancasila ( June 01 )
Pancasila is the basic ideology for the state of Indonesia. Pancasila is the
formulation and guidance of the life of nation and state for all the people of
Indonesia.
Pancasila has the meaning of five precepts, which has five grains of virtue that
became the foundation for the people and the government of Indonesia in
obeying and living life as citizens of the state of Indonesia.
Vocabulary
1. Famous : terkenal 9. Ideology : system dari ide n ideal
2. Raise : mengangkat 10. State of Indonesia : republic
3. Degree : derajat indonesia
4. Renowned : terkenal 11.Formulation : rumusan
5. Tenacity : kegigihan 12.Precept : aturan
6. In addition : selain itu 13.Grain of virtue : butir2 kebajikan
7. Made through : melewati 14.Obeying : mematuhi
8. Recorded : terekam/tercatat

Tell your class about historical celebration in your town!

Speaking
1. Did you enjoy studying history at school?
2. Who is your nation’s greatest hero?
3. Are you proud of your country’s history?
4. If you could meet one historical figure, who would it be?
5. What is the most important historical site in your country?
6. Is history important to you?
historical site : situs bersejarah
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE 1
Grammar
Countable Noun Examples
Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or
plural – a few books, lots of oranges, etc. is a countable noun. Notice that
singular verbs are used with singular countable nouns, while plural verbs are
used with plural countable nouns.
 Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon.
 Your book is on the kitchen table.
 How many candles are on that birthday cake?
 You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class.
 There’s a big brown dog running around the neighborhood.
Uncountable Noun Examples
Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though
uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one
must always use singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns. Notice
that singular verbs are always used with uncountable nouns.
 There is no more water in the pond.
 Please help yourself to some cheese.
 I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners.
 You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
 Please take good care of your equipment.
 Let’s get rid of the garbage.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns Exercises
Is the underlined noun countable or uncountable?
1. The children fell asleep quickly after a busy day of fun.
2. Be careful! The water is deep.
3. The parade included fire trucks and police cars.
4. We like the large bottles of mineral water.
5. My mother uses real butter in the cakes she bakes.
6. How many politicians does it take to pass a simple law?
7. Most kids like milk, but Joey hates it.
8. Most pottery is made of clay.
9. Michael can play several different musical instruments.
10. I was feeling so stressed that I ate an entire box of cookies.
Speaking
1. How many books do you have? What kind?
2. How much water do you drink every day?
3. What’s the longest journey you’ve ever gone to? How many hours?
4. How many bad accidents you have experienced?
5. How many best friends you have? Do you still remember them?
6. How many hours you need to get enough sleep?
7. How much money you spend at minimum in a day?

Rupiah, dollar are countable but if you

count them they’ll become uncountable

Do you agree about the statement? Why?

 CONJUNCTION
Grammar
What is a conjunction? In grammar, an English conjunction is a part of speech
that connects two words, phrases or clauses together. You can use a conjunction
to link words, phrases, and clauses.
List of Conjunctions with Examples
• A minute later, Harrick was showing off his golf swing.
• He’s not at all exciting, in fact he’s really rather commonplace.
• The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.
• Cocaine production requires large amounts of water, hence factories are nearly always
built by streams.
• Actually, I wanted to say on that day, shall we never get apart, OK?
• After a short time, you will feel more in control during the execution of free weight
exercises.
• As a consequence, this junction in the rocks represents a huge gap in the record.
• As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
• Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently / Hence he knows very little about it.
• He is called Mitch, because his name is Mitchell.
• Besides a father she has a younger brother to support.
• As soon as you have drunk, you turn your back upon the spring.
• Car prices can vary a lot. For example, in Belgium the VW Golf costs $1000 less than in
Britain.
• There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
• I don’t want to go there, furthermore, I have no time to do so.
• In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
• I don’t like skating, moreover, the ice is too thin.
• I am not only witty in myself, but the cause that wit is in other men
• There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to
return.
• On the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.
• You think you are clever; on the contrary, I assure that you are very foolish.
• We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
• To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
• You will have it if it belongs to you, whereas you don’t kvetch for it if it doesn’t appear in
your life. Kvetch maknanya komplain
• The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.
• A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he has not regretted it.

Now Go make 5 sentences with conjunctions included !!

 Speaking
Talk about your family (use as many cunjuctions as possible)
1. Are friends more important than family? What do you think?
2. Are you pressured by your family to act in a certain way?
3. Are your parents strict?
4. Did you ever meet any of your great grandparents?
5. Do you live with your parents?
6. Do you look more like your mother or your father?
7. What do you and your family like to do together?
8. What is the best memory you have of your family doing something together?

Exercise!! Choose the correct alternatives!

1. Pay attention to your work _________ you will not make mistakes. (so that,
unless, or)
2. We are leaving Wednesday _________ or not it rains. (if, whether, though)
3. I plan to take my vacation _________ in June _________ in July. (whether / or,
either / or, as / if)
4. I was on time, _________ everyone else was late. (so, but, for)
5. We had hoped to go to Spain; _________, we ended up in France. (otherwise,
instead, again)
Answer key
1. so that
2. whether
3. either / or
4. but
5. instead
 HALLOWEEN
Halloween is a holiday celebrated each year on October 31, and Halloween 2022
will occur on Monday, October 31. The tradition originated with the ancient
Celtic festival of Samhain, when people would light bonfires and wear costumes
to ward off ghosts.

Watching https://youtu.be/HhtOelNRyRc
Answer these question as you finish watching the short video.
1. What happened?
2. Where did the witch find her lost cat?
3. Why the lady screams?

Reading
Vocabulary
1. Spooky : menyeramkan
2. Pagan : kafir (penyembah berhala)
3. Hide : bersembunyi
4. Saints : orang suci
5. Soul cake : nama kue
6. Trick or treat : tradisi unik di US saat halloween. Trick diartikan kenakalan
sedangkan treat diartikan berian. Anak2 datang kerumah-rumah mengetok
pintu lantas bertanya ke pemilik rumah trick or treat. Jika menjawab treat,
tuan rumah harus memberi permen/chocolate jika trick maka akan dijaili.
7. Carved pumpkin : labu terukir

Speaking
1. Do you believe in ghosts?
2. Are you scared of ghosts?
3. Do you believe in magic?
4. What is your favorite magical story?
5. What’s the scariest ghost in your town?
 FUTURE PLAN
Grammar
Tell the class about what kind future would you like to have?
You can think of : 1. What will you do?
2. What will you be?
3. Where will you be?
4. What results will you expect to happen?
for example : in the future I will fix and improve Indonesia. Because I’m going to
be the president of indonnesia. And I will live in palace in borneo. As a president I
hope I can make Indonesia better. Not just the economi but all sectors will be in a
good shape in my watch.

Speaking
1. How will computers change in the future?
2. How will transportation develop in future times?
3. Where do you hope to travel before you die?
4. How will you use English in the future?
5. What will you do after this class?
6. What will you do this weekend?
7. When will humans live on another planet?

If you could travel to the

future, Where would you go?
 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE 2
Grammar
Countable Nouns
We can divide countable nouns into two large groups: regular and irregular.
Regular countable nouns make their plurals
1. by adding -s or -es to the singular form : monkey / monkeys, wish / wishes.
2. by changing final y to i and adding -es : baby / babies, berry / berries
if the singular ends in a consonant + y.
Note: Nouns ending in a vowel + y do not change y to i and then add -es.

Irregular Countable Nouns

Irregular countable nouns make their plurals
in special ways:
1. Some nouns ending in f change the f to v and then add -es : elf / elves, knife /
knives
2. Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms : sheep / sheep, fish /
fish, information / information, music / music.
3. Some nouns use plural forms from other languages--not from English.
___________________________________________
Special Note:
Singular countable nouns almost always need an indefinite article (a or an) or
another
determiner (this / that, my / your / his, etc.)
Don't forget this important requirement!

Uncountable Nouns (Quantifiers)

Because uncountable nouns in English do not have plurals and cannot be counted
in the normal way, quantifiers are often used as a way of "measuring" them. The
basic quantifiers are some, any, a little, and a lot of, but there are many more.
One group of quantifiers is common with food and items found at home: the
names of the containers in which the items are sold:
quantifier (container) uncountable nouns
a bag of _____ candy, flour, sugar, rice
a bottle of _____ water, wine, beer, ketchup
(catsup), vinegar, juice,
soy sauce, cooking oil,
olive oil, salad dressing, soda,
aspirin (or other medicine)
a box of _____ detergent, salt, candy,
cereal, chalk, baking soda,
pasta, jello, sugar
a can of _____ fruit, motor oil, beer, soda,
baking powder, paint
a carton of _____ soda, ice cream, milk,
creamer, juice
a jar of _____ jam, jelly, mustard, relish,
fruit, mayonnaise
a pack of _____ gum
a package of _____ meat
a six-pack of _____ beer, soda
a tin of _____ aspirin
a tub of _____ margarine
a tube of _____ toothpaste, lipstick, shampoo

Special Note:
These containers can also be used for countable nouns:
a bag of potato chips / potatoes / apples / onions / groceries;
a box of paper clips / cigars / envelopes / kleenex / crackers / chocolates;
a can of beans (and other fruits and vegetables)
a jar of olives / pickles
a tin of sardines
Speaking (talk about possession)
1. How many books do you have?
2. How much sugar do you consume every day?
3. How many vehicles do you have?
4. How many t-shirts do you have?
5. Do you eat rice every day? How much?

Tell the class what possession you had in the past! How many of them?!!

Review + mini exam

 INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY
Reading
International Women's Day (IWD) is a global holiday celebrated annually on
March 8 to commemorate the cultural, political, and socioeconomic achievements
of women.[3] It is also a focal point in the women's rights movement, bringing
attention to issues such as gender equality, reproductive rights, and violence and
abuse against women.
Since those early years, International Women's Day has assumed a new global
dimension for women in developed and developing countries alike. The growing
international women's movement, which has been strengthened by four global
United Nations women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a
rallying point to build support for women's rights and participation in the political
and economic arenas.
International Women's Day is commemorated in a variety of ways worldwide; it is
a public holiday in several countries, and observed socially or locally in others to
celebrate and promote the achievements of women.

Vocabulary
 Annually : tiap tahun
 Commemorate : memperingati
 Celebrated : dirayakan
 Socioeconomic : social ekonomi
 Achievements : pencapaian
 Focal point : titik focus
 Women’s rights : hak Wanita
 Reproductive rights : hak punya keturunan
 Violence : kekerasan
 Abuse : pelecehan
 Developed and developing countries : Negara sudah berkembang and negara
baru berkembang
 Alike : serupa
 Has been strengthened : sudah diperkuat
 Rallying point : titik temu
 Against : terhadap
 Observed : diamati

Now Tell the class the last time you celebrate international women’s day!
Speaking
1. Do you like celebrating International women’s day?
2. What do you like to do when celebrating IWD?
3. Do you have a memorable moment about IWD? When was it? What
happened?
4. Do you really enjoy celebrating IWD?
5. What other international events you love to celebrate?

men and women are equal

Do you agree with that statement? how come?

 TO + INFINITIVE

Now make 5 utterences with “to infinitive” included!

Speaking
 1. What do you like to do when you’re on vacation?
2. What do you like to do when you have free time?
3. What is your daily routine like?
4. What activities do you do when you visit the beach?
5. What kind of sport do you like to play?
Tell you class about your daily routine with to infinitive included!

Studying English if fun

Do you agree on that? why?
 MOTHER’S DAY
Reading
Mother’s Day is a holiday honoring motherhood that is observed in different
forms throughout the world.
History of Mother’s Day
Celebrations of mothers and motherhood can be traced back to the ancient
Greeks and Romans, who held festivals in honor of the mother goddesses Rhea
and Cybele, but the clearest modern precedent for Mother’s Day is the early
Christian festival known as “Mothering Sunday.”
Once a major tradition in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe, this
celebration fell on the fourth Sunday in Lent and was originally seen as a time
when the faithful would return to their “mother church”—the main church in the
vicinity of their home—for a special service.

Vocabulary
1. Motherhood : keibuan
2. Throughout : sepanjang
3. Traced back : ditelusuri kembali
4. Ancient greeks : yuynani kuno
5. Rhea and Cybele : names of gods
6. Precedent : sesuatu yg dijadikan tauladan
7. Lent : (puasa tahunan untuk Kristen)
8. Faithful (noun) : orang yg setia beragama
9. Vicinity : daerah sekeliling

Speaking
1. Did you ever celebrate mother’s day?
2. What do you usually do on mother’s day?
3. Do you have a best moment on mother’s day?
4. Who do you celebrate mother’s day with?
5. What will you do if mother’s day were banned?
6. if right now we’re celebrating mother’s day and you’re told to give a simple
speech at the stage, what will you say?
7. Do you enjoy celebrating motther’s day?
8. Will you say yes if the world also celebrates father’s day?
 HOLIDAY EVENTS
Speaking
What’s your favorite holiday?
Do you celebrate that holiday with your family or with your friends?
Is gift giving a part of that holiday?
What do you like the most about that holiday?
What holidays do you really look forward to?
Are there any holidays that you really don’t like?
What Holidays do you consider stressful?
Describe your dream holiday !

Holday events in INDONESIA vs US

INDONESIA AMERICA
1. 1 june pancasila day 1. 17 Jan Civil Rights Day
2. 17 august independence day 2. 17 Jan Martin Luther King Jr. Day
3. 17 september red cross day 3. 21 Feb Presidents' Day
4. 2 october batik day 4. 12 Apr National Library Workers' Day
5. 28 october youth pledge day 5. 18 Apr Boston Marathon
6. 10 november heroes' day 6. 13 May Native American Day
7. 25 november teacher's day 7. 30 May Decoration Day

Reading
Batik Day (Hari Batik Nasional) is an Indonesian cultural day for celebrating
batik – the traditional cloth of Indonesia. It is celebrated on October 2 and marks
the anniversary of when UNESCO recognized batik as a Masterpiece of Oral and
Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2009. At the day, in Jakarta, the map of
Indonesian batik diversity by Hokky Situngkir was opened for public for the first
time by the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology.[1] The Indonesian
government strongly encourage Indonesian people (especially government
officials, employees of state-owned enterprises, and students) to wear batik
annually on the holiday and on Fridays to commemorate the day. Wearing batik
every Friday has also been encouraged in private companies.
Batik is a traditional Indonesian cloth that has roots in the country's historical
artwork.[3] In celebration of their culture, Indonesians dress head-to-toe in batik
for the holiday. Now, Batik Day is celebrated across a number of platforms all
over the world. Particularly, in Indonesian organizations ranging from
universities, church groups, and communities all around the world. These
Indonesian organizations usually celebrate Batik Day as well in order to create
awareness of Indonesia's traditional fabric to other cultures.
Vocabulary
1. Masterpiece
2. Oral
3. Intangible
4. Heritage
5. Diversity
6. Ministry of research and technology
7. Commemorate
8. Annually
9. Root
10. Head-to-toe
11. State-owned
12. Awareness
13. fabric

Vacation is the best way of

heeling
Do you agree with that statement? why?
 QUESTION FORM
Grammar

Speaking
1. Make 10 examples and utturences with question forms
2. practice those with your partner by asking and giving responses
 WISH AND IF ONLY
Grammar
"wish"
We can use "wish":
to express a desire for something in the future in a formal or polite tone:
"I wish to attend the meeting."
to express a desire for something in the future for someone else, usually using
fixed expressions:
"I wish him the best of luck."

"wish" / "if only"

We can use "wish" and "if only" to express an unlikely or impossible desire or a
regret:
with the past simple to express an impossible desire in the present:
"I wish I lived in the countryside."
"If only I lived in the countryside."
I don’t live in the countryside in the present so this desire is impossible.

with the past perfect to express a regret about the past:

"I wish I hadn't eaten the prawns."
"If only I hadn't eaten the prawns."
I regret that I ate the prawns in the past.

with would/could to express a desire that we believe is unlikely or impossible in

the present:
"I wish he would save money."
"I wish he could save money."
"If only he would save money."
"If only he could save money."
not "I wish he will/can save money."
I do not believe that he can/will save money, so this is an impossible desire about
his ability in the present to save money.
The subjunctive mood
Expressions using "wish" and "if only" are examples of the subjunctive mood,
which is used to express unlikely or impossible desires (or recommendations,
without "wish" / "if only"). In the subjunctive mood, we only use "were" (not
"was"):
with past simple of "be":
"I wish he were on holiday."
"If only he were on holiday."
(not "was here")
He is not on holiday so this is an impossible desire in the present.

with past continuous:

"I wish I were going on holiday."
"If only I were going on holiday."
(not "was going")
I am not going on holiday so this desire is impossible in the present or future.

Speaking
 What do you wish you could do after this class?
 What do you wish you could eat right now?
 If you could have three wishes that would come true, what would they be?
(No, you can’t wish for more wishes)
 What do you wish you could change about the world?
 Have any of your wishes ever come true?

If you could have 3 wishes now

what would they be? why
 RAMADHAN
Reading
In the Islamic lunar calendar, the ninth month is Ramadan, during which Muslims
fast from dawn to dusk. In addition to refraining from food and drink, Muslims
are expected not to smoke or have sexual relations. Ramadan is one of the Five
Pillars of Islam.
Fasting during Ramadan is obligatory for adult Muslims, though there are some
exceptions - for example Muslims who are ill, travelling or pregnant. Children are
not expected to fast until they reach the age of puberty. Some children do fast for
part of the day. Ramadan is always the 9th month of the Islamic lunar year, which
does not coincide with the Gregorian calendar (in fact it falls about 11 days
earlier each year in the Gregorian calendar).

Vocabulary
lunar (adjective): relating to the moon
fast (verb): not eat or drink; refrain from food and drink
dawn (noun): sunrise
dusk (noun): sunset
Five Pillars of Islam (noun): the five duties for all Muslims: expressing the faith;
praying; giving money to the poor; fasting during Ramadan; and visiting Mecca
during the Hajj
obligatory (adjective): required by law or rule; compulsory
puberty (noun): the period when adolescents reach sexual maturity

Speaking
(1) How do people celebrate Ramadan in your country?
(2) How do you feel the week and the day before Ramadan starts?
(3) What do you like most about Ramadan?
(4) Are you sad when Ramadan is over?
(5) What’s your best Ramadan memory?
(6) Do you think each Ramadan changes you as a person?
(7) Do you think Ramadan is hard on your body?
(8) What’s your favourite Ramadan food?
(9) Who do you think enjoys Ramadan more, children or adults?

Q: What are the benefits of fasting?

Ans: There are many benefits, such as; physical and spiritual purification, self-
restraint, increased compassion and love for one’s way of life, basic necessities. It
brings all kinds of Muslims together; poor and rich, Sunni and Shia, family and
friends, resulting in love and strengthening of relationships. Furthermore,
Science shows fasting helps clean your body and boost your immune system.

What are your favorites

moment in ramadan?
 MINDFULNESS
Reading
The Definition of Mindfulness
Mindfulness is the basic human ability to be fully present, aware of where we are
and what we’re doing, and not overly reactive or overwhelmed by what’s going
on around us.
Mindfulness is a quality that every human being already possesses, it’s not
something you have to conjure up, you just have to learn how to access it.
The Types of Mindfulness Practice
While mindfulness is innate, it can be cultivated through proven techniques. Here
are some examples:
Seated, walking, standing, and moving meditation (it’s also possible lying down
but often leads to sleep);
Short pauses we insert into everyday life;
Merging meditation practice with other activities, such as yoga or sports.
The Benefits of Mindfulness Practice:
When we meditate it doesn’t help to fixate on the benefits, but rather to just do
the practice, and yet there are benefits or no one would do it.
When we’re mindful, we reduce stress, enhance performance, gain insight and
awareness through observing our own mind, and increase our attention to others’
well-being.
Mindfulness meditation gives us a time in our lives when we can suspend
judgment and unleash our natural curiosity about the workings of the mind,
approaching our experience with warmth and kindness—to ourselves and others.

Vocabulary
1. fully present 8. meditate
2. overwhelmed 9. fixate
3. possess 10. insight
4. conjure up 11. suspend
5. innate 12. unleash
6. cultivated 13. enhance
7. merging
Speaking
1. How do you make yourself feel relax when everything falls apart?
2. Do you think musics help you to get rid of boredom?
3. What do you think about motivators? are they words helpful? do they motivate
you?
4. What do you do when you’re unhappy?
5. if you’re unhappy which places below will you go to?
a. mountain
b. beach
c. tourist attraction
d. jungle
e. your room and lock the door

What do you see about the picture above? describe it!

 INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN DAY
Reading
Children's Day is a commemorative date celebrated annually in honor of children,
whose date of observance varies by country. In 1925, International Children's
Day was first proclaimed in Geneva during the World Conference on Child
Welfare. Since 1950, it is celebrated on June 1 in most Communist and post-
Communist countries. World Children's Day is celebrated on the 20th November
to commemorate the Declaration of the Rights of the Child by the UN General
Assembly on 20 November 1959. In some countries, it is Children's Week and not
Children's Day.
Origins
Children's Day began on the second Sunday of June in 1857 by Reverend Dr.
Charles Leonard, pastor of the Universalist Church of the Redeemer in Chelsea,
Massachusetts: Leonard held a special service dedicated to, and for the children.
Leonard named the day Rose Day, though it was later named Flower Sunday, and
then named Children's Day.
Children's Day was first officially declared a national holiday by the Republic of
Turkey in 1920 with the set date of 23 April. Children's Day has been celebrated
nationally since 1920 with the government and the newspapers of the time
declaring it a day for the children. However, it was decided that an official
confirmation was needed to clarify and justify this celebration and the official
declaration was made nationally in 1929 by the founder and the President of the
Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Vocabulary
1. commemorative
2. vary
3. proclaim :
4. communist / post-communist
5. redeemer
6. reverend
7. clarify
8. justify
Speaking
1. Did you have a happy childhood?
2. Do you remember anything about your personality when a child?
3. Did you used to eat anything or were you a picky eater?
4. Have you ever celebrated children’s day?
5. What do you usually do on children’s day?
6. Do you have any memorable moment about children’s day?

Describe this photo