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1 (a) State one difference between a kibibyte and a kilobyte.

(b) Give the number of bytes in a mebibyte.

.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) (i) Complete the following binary addition. Show your working.

10011010
+11110111

[2]

(ii) Describe the error that occurred when you added the binary numbers in part (c)(i).

................................. .......... ....... ... ...... ........ .......................................................

(d) Complete the binary subtraction. Show your working.

01100111
—00110010

[2]

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1 Anya scans an imape into her computer for a school project.

(a) The scanned image is a bitmapped image.

(i) Complete the following table to describe the two terms about graphics.

Term Description

........................................................................

Pixel ........... ..............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

........... ..............................................................................................................
File header ........................................................................

........................................................................

[2]

(ii) The image is scanned with an image resolution of 1024 x 512 pixels, and a colour
depth of 8 bits per pixel.

Calculate an estimate for the file size, giving your answer in mebibytes. Show your
working.

Working

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer.............................................mebibytes
[3]

(b) The image is compressed using lossless compression.

Identify one method of lossless compression that can be used to compress the image and
describe how the method will reduce the file size.

Lossless compression method

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

........ .........................................................................................................................................

[3]

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(c) One of the colours used in the image has the hexadecimal colour code:

#FC238A

DC is the amount of red, 23 is the amount of green and 8A is the amount of blue in the
colour.

(i) Convert the hexadecimal code Fc into denary.

The amount of green in binary is 0 010 0 0 I I. This has the denary number 15 added to
it to create a second colour.

Add the denary number 15 to the binary number 001000 I I and give your answer in
binary.

Perform the addition in binary. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

Answer (in binary) ........................................

[3]

Hexadecimal 23 in two's complement representation is 0 010 0 011. The denary

number 10 needs to be subtracted from this value.

Subtract the denary number 0 from the two's complement representation 0 0 z 0 0 0

I t. Give your answer in binary. Show your working.

Working

Answer (in binary) ........................................

[3]

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6 A computer uses the ASCII character set.

(a) State the number of characters that can be represented by the ASCII character set and the
extended ASCII character set.

ASCII ...........................................................

Extended ASCII
[2J

(b) Explain how a word such as ‘HOUSE’ is represented by the ASCII character set.

(c) Unicode is a different character set.

The Unicode value for the character ‘1’ is denary value 49.

(i) Write the hexadecimal value for the Unicode character ’1'.

(ii) Write the denary value for the Unicode character ‘5’.

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1 (a) Draw one line from each binary value to its equivalent (same) value on the right.

Binary value
1 kibibyte

8 bits

1 gigabyte

8000 bits

1 byte

1000 kilobytes

1 kilobyte

1024 mebibytes

1 gibibyte

8192 bits

1 megabyte

1 mebibyte

(b) (i) Perform the following binary addition. Show your working.

10101010
+ 00110111

[2]

(ii) State how an overflow can occur when adding two binary integers.

(c) Convert the hexadecimal value F0 into denary.

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7 Bobby is recording a sound file for his school project.

(a) He repeats the recording of the sound several times, with a different sample rate each time.

(i) Describe the reasons why the sound is closer to the original when a higher sample rate
is used.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Describe the reasons why the sound file size increases when a higher sample rate is
used.

...........................................................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Bobby wants to email the sound file to his school email address. He compresses the file
before sending the email.

(i) Explain the reasons why Bobby compresses the sound file.

. ................................................... ...... ...........................................................................

(ii) Bobby uses lossless compression.

Describe how lossless compression can compress the sound file.

...........................................................................................................................................

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4 A register stores the following binary number:

1 l 0 0 1 l 0 1

(a) The binary value in the register represents an unsigned binary integer.

Convert the unsigned binary integer into denary.

(b) The binary value in the register represents a two's complement binary integer.

Convert the two's complement binary integer into denary.

(c) The binary value in the register represents a hexadecimal number.

Convert the binary number into hexadecimal.

(d) State why the value in the register cannot be interpreted as a Binary Coded Decimal (BCD).

(e) The binary contents of two registers are:

Register 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1

Register 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

(i) Add the contents of Register 1 and Register 2. Show your working.

Answer ........................
[2]

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(ii) Subtract the contents of Register 2 from the contents of Register 1. Show your working.

Answer
[2J

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5 Riya has created the following logo as a vector graphic.

(a) Complete the table by writing a description of each vector graphic term and give an
example for this logo.

Term Description Example from logo

Property

Drawing list

[4]

(b) Riya takes a photograph using a digital camera. The photograph is stored as a bitmap image.

(i) Describe two differences between a vector graphic and a bitmap image.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................................

2........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
[4]

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(ii) Riya needs to email the photograph. She compresses the photograph before sending it
using an email.

Describe two lossy methods that Riya can use to compress the

image. Method 1

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................................

fWethod2...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................
[4]

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1 Computers store data in binary form.

(a) State the difference between a Mebibyte and a terabyte.

(b) Convert the signed denary value —J 00 into an 8-bit two's complement binary integer.

Working .....................................................................................................................................

..... ......................................................................................................................................

Answer............................................................................ [1]
(c) Convert the denary number 251 into hexadecimal. Show your working.

Working

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Answer
[2]
(d) Add the following unsigned binary integers.

01010000

+ 00111110

[1]

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1 (a) Draw one line from each image representation term to its correct definition.

Term Definition

The number of pixels wide by the number of

Pixel
pixels high

The smallest identifiable component of an

Bit depth
image

Stores data about the image file, e.g. file

Image resolution
format, number of bits per pixel, file size

The number of bits used to represent each

File header
colour

[3]

(b) The following section of a bitmap image is 10 pixels wide and 5 pixels high. In this example,
each colour is represented by a letter, e.g. B is blue.

B B B B B B B B B B

YYPYYYPYYY

RRMRPKTTRR

BOPYYYPGPP

RORPPPRRRR

The complete image can have up to 256 colours.

(i) Identify the smallest number of bits that can be used to represent each colour in the
complete bitmap image.

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(ii) Calculate an estimate for the file size of the section of the bitmap image shown, giving
your answer in bytes. Use your answer from part (b)(i).

Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Answer.....................................bytes
[2]

(c) Describe how changing the colour depth of an image affects its file size.

...................................................................................................................................................

......... ............... .................. ............... .............. .............. ............... ....... ...............

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) The first row of pixels in the image from part (b) is shown:

B B B B B" B B B B B

Explain how this row of pixels can be compressed using lossless compression.

....... ..........................................................................................................................................

......... ............... ................. .............. ............... ............... .............. ....... ...............

..................................................................................................................... [2]

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1 Text and numbers are examples of data stored in a computer.

(a) A character set is used to represent characters in a computer.

(i) Describe what is meant by a character set.

(ii) Identify two character sets and state one difference between them.

Character set 1

Character set 2

Difference..........................................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(iii) Describe how lossless compression can be used to reduce the file size of a text file.

(iv) Explain why lossy compression should not be used on a text file.

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(b) A computer can represent numerical data in different forms.

Complete the table by writing the answer to each statement.

Statement Answer

The hexadecimal value 11 represented in denary

The smallest denary number that can be represented

by an unsigned 8-bit binary integer
The denary number 87 represented in Binary Coded
Decimal (BCD)

The denary number 240 represented in hexadecimal

The denary number —20 represented in 8-bit two's

complement binary
[5]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
......... .........................................................................................................................................

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1 (a) (i) Convert the unsigned binary integer into denary.

00100111

Answer............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Convert the Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) into denary.

00100111

Answer............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Convert the 8-bit two's complement binary integer into denary.

11100111

Answer............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Perform the following binary subtraction. Show your working.

1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

[2]

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(c) Give one similarity and two differences between the ASCII and Unicode character sets.

Similarity ...................................................................................................................................

Difference 1

Difference2..............................................................................................................................

[3]

(d) Sound samples are recorded and saved in a file.

(i) State what is meant by sampling rate.

(ii) Explain the effect of increasing the sampling resolution on the sound file.

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2 (a) (i) Convert the two's complement binary integer into denary.

10010110

Answer ....................................................... [1]

(ii) Convert the unsigned binary integer into hexadecimal.

10010110

Answer ....................................................... [1]

(iii) Convert the unsigned binary integer into Binary Coded Decimal (BCD). Show your
working.

10010101
Working

.. ........................................................................................................................................

Answer .......................................................
[2]

(b) Perform the following binary addition.

1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
+ 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
(1]

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8 The following bitmap image has a resolution of 4096 • 4096 pixels and a colour depth of 24 bits
per pixel.

The image is displayed on a monitor that has a screen resolution of 1920 • 1080 pixels.

(a) Tick (7) one box in each row to identify the effect of each action on the image file size.

Action Increases the Decreases the No change

file size to file size the file size
Change the colour depth of
the image file to 16 bits per
pixel.
Change the screen resolution
to 1366 • 768 pixels.
Change the colour of the
rectangle from black to red.
[2]

(b) State two benefits of creating a vector graphic instead of a bitmap image.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2................................................................................................................................................

...... .. ....... . ....... . . ....... . ....... . ....... . ....... . .. . ....... .

[2]

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(c) A second bitmap image is stored using a colour depth of 8 bits per pixel.

The file is compressed using run-length encoding (RLE).

(i) The table shows the compressed and uncompressed values for parts of the image file.

Each colour of the pixel in the image is represented by a hexadecimal value.

Complete the table. The first row has been completed for you.

Uncompressed image RLE compressed image

kA tl t f’2 f2 f Ln 11a 2Fl A2 lr?.

3 2 3 2 8 0 S 1 S1

[2]

(ii) RLE is an example of lossless compression.

Explain why lossless compression is more appropriate than lossy compression for a
text file.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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1 A digital audio message needs to be recorded.

(a) Tick (/) one box in each row to identify the effect of each action on the accuracy of the
recording.

Accuracy Accuracy Accuracy does

Action increases decreases not change
Change the sampling rate from 40 kHz
to 60 kHz.
Change the duration of the recording
from 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
Change the sampling resolution from
24 bits to 16 bits.
[2]

(b) The audio message is recorded with a sampling rate of 50 kHz and a sampling resolution of
16 bits.

The recording is 20 minutes in length.

Calculate the file size of the recording.

Give your answer in megabytes and show your working.

Working .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Answer...........................................megabytes
[2]

(c) A computer uses a buffer when playing the audio message.

Explain the purpose of a buffer in a computer system using one other example.

...................................................................................................................................................

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9 (a) (i) Convert the unsigned binary value into hexadecimal.

10010011

Answer ................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Convert the unsigned binary value into denary.

10010011

Answer ................................................................................ [1]

(b) State two benefits of using Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) to represent values.

Benefit 1

Benefit 2

[2]

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1 Images are being created to advertise holidays.

Some of the images are bitmap images and some are vector graphics.

(a) Complete the table by defining the image terms.

Term Definition

Drawing list

Pixel

Colour depth

[3]

(b) The bitmap images are photographs of the holiday locations.

(i) Colour depth and image resolution are both included in the file header of a bitmap image.

Identify two other items that could be included in the file header of each photograph.

2
[2]

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(ii) One of the photographs has a bit depth of 8 bytes and an image resolution of 1500
pixels wide and 3000 pixels high.

Calculate the file size of the photograph in megabytes. Show your working.

Working .............................................................................................................................

. ........................................................................................................................................

File size............................MB
[2]

(c) The photographs are compressed before they are uploaded to a web server.
Customers download the photographs from this web server.

(i) Explain the reasons why compressing the photographs will benefit the customers.

(ii) An image can be compressed using run-length encoding (RLE).

Explain the reasons why RLE may not reduce the file size of a bitmap image.
Give one example in your answer.

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3 A computer has an Operating System (OS).

(a) Describe how the Operating System manages the peripheral hardware devices of the
computer.

...................................................................................................................................................

(b) Hardware management is one key management task carried out by the Operating System.

Identify two other key management tasks carried out by the Operating System.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The Operating System has utility software including defragmentation software.

Explain how defragmentation can improve the performance of the computer.

....... ..........................................................................................................................................

(d) The computer stores data in binary form.

(i) State the difference between a kibibyte and a kilobyte.

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(ii) Convert the denary number 964 into Binary Coded Decimal (BCD).

(iii) Convert the positive binary integer 11110010 into hexadecimal.

(iv) Give the smallest and largest two's complement binary number that can be
represented using 8 bits.

Smallest ............................................................................................................................

Largest..............................................................................................................................
[2]

(v) Add the following two binary integers using binary addition. Show your working.

10110000
+00011011

[2]

(vi) Show the result of a 3-place right logical shift on the binary number:

11001100

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4 Data in a computer is stored in binary form.

(a) State the number of unique binary values that can be represented in 16 bits.

(b) Give the 8-bit one's complement representation of the denary number —120.

Show your working.

Working.....................................................................................................................................

Answer ......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Convert the hexadecimal number A04 into denary.

Show your working.

VVorking.....................................................................................................................................

Answer ......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Show the result of a 2-place left logical shift on the binary number:

01001111

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3 A mobile telephone is used to record a video.

(a) The mobile telephone has a touchscreen. There are different types of touchscreen.

Complete the description of the principal operation of touchscreens.

A .............................................................. touchscreen has two layers. When the user touches

the screen, the layers touch and a...............................................................is completed.

A...............................................................touchscreen has several layers. When the top layer

is touched, there is a .............................................................. in the electric current.

A microprocessor identifies the................................................................of the touch.

[5]

(b) The mobile telephone uses a built-in digital camera to record the video.

The digital camera automatically focuses on the faces of people.

Explain how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used by the camera to automatically focus on the
faces of people.

...................................................................................................................................................

(c) The video includes a sound recording.

(i) Describe how sound is represented in a computer.

.............................................. ..... ....................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [3]

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(ii) A second video is recorded. The sound in the second video needs to be more precise.

Explain the reasons why increasing the sampling rate and the sampling resolution will
improve the precision of the second recording.

Sampling rate ....................................................................................................................

Sampling resolution .............................................................................................................

[4]

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7 A computer stores data in binary form.

(a) Draw one line from each description to its matching denary value.

Description Denary value

—127

127
The smallest integer that can be
represented in 8-bit two's complement.
—255

—128
The largest integer that can be
represented in 8-bit two's complement.
—256

256
The largest unsigned integer that can be
represented in 8 bits.
128

255

[3]

(b) The computer has a Control Unit (CU), system clock and control bus.

Explain how the CU, system clock and control bus operate to transfer data between the
components of the computer system.

......... .........................................................................................................................................

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