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(Networking)

The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing their components, types, and advantages, including the ability to share resources and communicate over long distances. It describes various transmission media, hardware devices like modems and routers, and differentiates between network types such as LAN, MAN, and WAN. Additionally, it outlines network architectures, including client/server and peer-to-peer models, as well as common network topologies like bus, star, and ring.

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Farhad Ali
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9 views

(Networking)

The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing their components, types, and advantages, including the ability to share resources and communicate over long distances. It describes various transmission media, hardware devices like modems and routers, and differentiates between network types such as LAN, MAN, and WAN. Additionally, it outlines network architectures, including client/server and peer-to-peer models, as well as common network topologies like bus, star, and ring.

Uploaded by

Farhad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Network

And
Communication
Computer Network and Communication
• A network is a set of technologies including hardware,
software, and media that can be used to connect
computers together ,enabling them communicate,
exchange information, and share resources in real time.

• A computer network is a collection of computers and other


devices connected together via communication devices
and transmission media.

• Data communications refers to the transmission of digital


data between two or more computers or devices.
Importance/Advantages of
Networking/communication
• Sharing of devices such as printer, scanner etc.

• Sharing of program/software

• Sharing of information ,Long distance communication, share links to the


global Internet, or conduct video conferences in real time with other
remote users.
Network/Transmission Media
• With computer networks, media refers to the means used
to link a network’s nodes together.

•Wired transmission media also called as guided media.


•Wireless transmission media also called as unguided media.
Wired Transmission Media (Guided Media)
• Twisted-pair cable:
-how signal pass through: used electric current to send
signal
-used for network cabling and telephone systems.
-support TX speeds up to 1Gbps (Gigabit per second)

• Co-axial cable:
-used electric current to send signals
-used for network cabling and cable TV systems.
-TX (transmission) Speed: up to 10 Mbps (Megabit per
second)

• Fiber-Optic cable:
-used light (pulsating beams of light) to send signals.
-Fiber-optic cables have revolutionized
long-distance phone calls, cable TV and the Internet.
-Also used in medical imaging and mechanical engineering
inspection.
-TX Speed:100 Gbps
NETWORK HARDWARE/ COMMUNICATION DEVICES
Hardware capable of sending/receiving data.

• NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NICs):


-Also called Network adapter card or network card.
-It is a communication device that accepts a network cable and enables a
computer to access a wired network.

• A WIRELESS NETWORK INTERFACE CARD: It is communication device that


enables a computer or device to access a wireless network .Used antenna to
communicate, connects to a radio based computer network.

• HUB: It is wired communication device that connects devices (clients) and


servers together at a central point on LAN

• ROUTER: A communication device that connects multiple computers and


transmits data to its correct destination on the network. A router allows
multiple computers to share a single high-speed internet connection.
NETWORK HARDWARE/ COMMUNICATION DEVICES

• MODEM (Modulator/Demodulator): It is communication device that enables a


computer to transmit data over telephone or cable line.
-Modem converts digital signals from your computer into analog signals to send
over the phone lines and converts the phone’s analog signals into digital for the
computer.
-Broadband connection:
Dial-up connection using modem
DSL technologies: Another type of digital telephone service
called digital subscriber line

• A WIRELESS ACCESS POINT: It is a communication device, wireless access point is


used for connecting wireless computers or devices.
-the 802.11 or Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) describes specifications for wireless
standard
Networking/Communication devices
• HUB • Wired NIC -Wireless NIC

• MODEM • ROUTER
MODEM AND ROUTER
Knowing the difference between a modem and a router is important if you want to
set up your network or troubleshoot issues with your internet connection. The
main difference between the two devices is that a modem lets you connect to the
internet, while a router distributes that connection to different devices
NETWORKS
Common Types of Networks
• Generally, networks are distinguished based on their
geographical span. A network can be as small as distance
between your mobile phone and its Bluetooth headphone and
as large as the Internet itself, covering the whole geographical
world, i.e. the Earth.
Types of Computer Network
• LAN (Local Area Network) – A computer network confined to a relatively small
area, such as a single building or a group of adjacent buildings. A network that
connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home,
university, office building. A LAN can cover an entire campus, so long as the buildings
are directly connected. The nodes (computers, printers, servers, etc.) are connected
via network hardware devices . Devices can be connected by twisted-pair wire,
coaxial cables, or fiber optic cables

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – A network designed for a town or city.


In terms of geographic breadth. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area
networks (LANs). MANs are larger than local-area networks (LANs), but smaller than
wide-area networks (WANs). MAN links between local area networks have been
built with or without cables (microwave, radio-based, infrared links).

• WAN (Wide Area Network) - a computer network that spans a relatively large
geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks
(LANs). Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through
public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through
satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet.
LAN,MAN,WAN
Differentiate among types of
networks
How networks are structured?
Client/Server Network Architecture
• On a Client/server network,
one computer acts as a server
that provides services and the
other computers (clients) or
other devices on the network
request services from the
server.
• Examples of computer applications
that use the client–server model
are Email, network printing, and
the World Wide Web.
Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture
• With peer to peer network ,there
is no central server.

• All computer in a network have


equal capabilities to use the
resources (hardware, software,
files etc) available on the
networks.

• P2P networks have been typically used


for file sharing applications, which enable
peers to share digitized content such as
general documents, audio, video,
electronic books, etc.
NETWROK ARCHITECTURE
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

• Network Topology : It is a physical arrangement of


computers in a network .
• Common network topologies are :

◼Others are mesh, tree, hybrid topologies


1.BUS TOPOLOGY
• A bus network consists of single
central cable (backbone), to
which all computers and other
devices connect.

• Transmits data in both


directions.
• If a device fails, network
continues to function.
• Reliable
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
• On a star network, all the
computers and devices on the
network connect to central device.

• The central device that provides a


common point for nodes on the
network is called hub.

• If one device fails only that device


is affected. But if hub fails, then
entire network is inoperable , until
hub is repaired.
3.RING TOPOLOGY
• On a ring network, a cable forms a
closed loop (ring) with all
computers and devices arranged
along the ring.

• Data transmitted on network


travels from device to device
around the entire ring in one
direction, until it reaches its
destination.

• If one device fails, all those after


the device cannot function.
Differentiate among Network Topologies

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