Name: _______________________________________________

Chapter-16 Titration Worksheet

Chemistry Paper-2

Date:

Time: 2 hours 38 minutes

Total marks available: 158

Total marks achieved: ______

Dr. Chun Lin

Questions
Q1.

This question is about acids, alkalis and indicators.

(a) Which of these is the colour of litmus indicator in an acidic solution?

(1)
A blue
B orange
C red
D yellow

(b) Which of these is the pH value of a neutral solution?

(1)
A 0
B 4
C 7
D 14

(c) Which of these describes a solution with a pH value of 9?

(1)
A strongly acidic
B strongly alkaline
C weakly acidic
D weakly alkaline

(d) Which of these is the chemical formula of an acid?

(1)
A HNO3
B H2O
C NaCl
D NaOH

(e) Name the type of reaction that occurs when an acid reacts with an alkali.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(f) Name the two products of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

(Q01 4CH1/1CR, Jan 2022)

Q2.

Sodium sulfate can be prepared by the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and sodium
hydrogensulfate (NaHSO4) solution.

This is the equation for the reaction.

NaOH(aq) + NaHSO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)

Sodium hydrogensulfate solution is acidic.

A student adds 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask and adds two drops of indicator.

The student does a titration.

(a) (i) Name a piece of apparatus that should be used to add 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to
the conical flask.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe the method the student should use to find the accurate volume of sodium
hydrogensulfate solution needed to neutralise the 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
(5)
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(b) The student repeats the titration without the indicator and forms a solution of sodium sulfate.
Describe how the student can obtain pure, dry crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate from the solution.
(4)
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(c) Crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate decompose when heated.
This is the equation for the decomposition.
Na2SO4.xH2O → Na2SO4 + xH2O
A student uses this apparatus to find the value of x.

The student heats the crystals until the decomposition is complete.

The table shows the student's results.

Use the results to calculate the value of x.

[for Na2SO4, Mr = 142 for H2O, Mr = 18]
(4)

value of x = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 14 marks)

(Q05 4CH1/2CR, June 2024)

Q3.

(a) The diagram shows two pieces of apparatus used in a titration.

Give the names of these pieces of apparatus.

(2)
X ..........................................................................................................................................

Y ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) Give the name of a suitable indicator that can be used in an acid-alkali titration.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(c) A student does a titration using sodium carbonate solution and dilute nitric acid.
This is the equation for the reaction.
Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O
The table shows the concentrations of the two solutions and the volume of sodium carbonate used in
the titration.

Use the equation and the data in the table to answer these questions.
(i) Calculate the volume of dilute nitric acid that the student would need to neutralise the sodium
carbonate solution.
(3)

volume of nitric acid = ........................................................... cm3

 (ii) Calculate the volume, in cm3, of carbon dioxide gas at rtp that would be produced from the 25.0
cm3 of the sodium carbonate solution.
[at rtp, molar volume = 24 000 cm3]
(2)

volume of carbon dioxide = ........................................................... cm3

(d) Describe a test to show that sodium carbonate solution contains carbonate ions.
(3)
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(Total for question = 11 marks)

(Q06 4CH1/2C, Nov 2023)

Q4.

A student does a titration to find the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution.

This is the student's method.

• add 25.0 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide solution to a conical flask

• add a few drops of methyl orange indicator to the conical flask
• fill a burette with dilute sulfuric acid and record the initial burette reading
• place the conical flask on a white tile
• add the acid from the burette to the mixture in the conical flask, swirling the flask continuously
• when the indicator changes colour at the end point, record the final burette reading

Repeat the titration to obtain concordant results.

(a) Give the name of the most suitable piece of apparatus to measure out 25.0 cm3 of potassium
hydroxide solution.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Give the colour of methyl orange in potassium hydroxide solution and in dilute sulfuric acid.
(2)
colour in potassium hydroxide solution
.............................................................................................................................................
colour in dilute sulfuric acid
.............................................................................................................................................

(c) State why the student places the conical flask on a white tile.
(1)
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(d) State why the student swirls the flask continuously.

(1)
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(e) State what is meant by the term concordant results.

(1)
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(f) The student finds that 15.00 cm3 of sulfuric acid of concentration 0.180 mol / dm3 neutralises 25.0 cm3
of potassium hydroxide solution.
This is the equation for the reaction.

Calculate the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution.

(3)

concentration = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(g) This is the ionic equation for the reaction between an acid and an alkali.

Explain why the OH- ion is a proton acceptor in this reaction.

(2)
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(Total for question = 11 marks)

(Q04 4CH1/2C, June 2023)

Q5.

(a) The diagram shows two pieces of apparatus, X and Y.

(i) Give the name of each piece of apparatus.

(2)
X = .............................................................................................................................................

Y = .............................................................................................................................................
(ii) In a titration, a student adds 25.0 cm3 of barium hydroxide solution to a conical flask.
Give a reason why it is better to use Y rather than X.
(1)
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(b) The student uses methyl orange indicator in the titration.

(i) State the colour of methyl orange in barium hydroxide solution.
(1)
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(ii) Give a reason why universal indicator is not suitable for use in a titration.
(1)
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(c) The student adds some dilute nitric acid to a burette and does the titration.
The equation for the reaction is

Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O

The student finds that 21.50 cm3 of nitric acid of concentration 0.600 mol/dm3 neutralises 25.0 cm3 of
barium hydroxide solution.
Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the barium hydroxide solution.
(3)

concentration = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(d) State why sulfuric acid would not be a suitable acid to use in this titration.
(1)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

(Q02 4CH1/2C, June 2022)

Q6.

A student investigates the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and dilute sulfuric acid.

He does a titration to find the concentration of the sulfuric acid.

This is his plan for the titration. There are some mistakes and omissions in his plan.

• rinse a conical flask with the sodium hydroxide solution

• use a measuring cylinder to measure out 25 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution and add it to the
conical flask
• add a few drops of methyl orange indicator to the conical flask
• rinse a burette with water and then fill it with the sulfuric acid
• add the acid from the burette to the conical flask until the indicator changes colour at the end-point
of the titration
• record the final burette reading

(a) Give the colour change of the methyl orange indicator at the end-point.
(2)
from ........................................ to ........................................
(b) Describe four changes that the student could make to improve his plan.
(4)
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(c) The student then does the titration correctly.
He finds that 16.70 cm3 of the dilute sulfuric acid neutralises 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution of
concentration 0.200 mol/dm3
The equation for the reaction is

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the sulfuric acid.

(3)

concentration of sulfuric acid = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(Total for question = 9 marks)

(Q04 4CH1/2C, Jan 2020)

Q7.

When a bottle of wine is left open for several days, some of the ethanol in the wine turns to ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH

(a) A scientist uses a titration method to investigate how much ethanoic acid is formed if a bottle of white
wine is left open for one week.
She uses this method.

• fill a burette with the white wine and record the reading
• add 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask
• add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask
• swirl the flask continuously while adding wine from the burette
• add the wine drop by drop near the end point
• record the reading at the end point
(i) Name the piece of apparatus that would be most suitable for measuring the 25.0 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution.
(1)
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(ii) Suggest why red wine would not be suitable to use for this investigation.
(1)
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(iii) State why she swirls the flask continuously.
(1)
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(iv) State why she adds the wine drop by drop near the end point.
(1)
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(b) The diagram shows the burette readings at the start and end of one of the titrations.

Use the readings to complete the table.

Give your values to the nearest 0.05 cm3.
(3)

(c) The scientist repeats the titration four more times.

The table shows her results for these four titrations.

Concordant results are those within 0.20 cm3 of each other.

(i) Add ticks ( ) to the table to show the concordant results.

(1)
(ii) Use your ticked results to calculate the mean (average) volume of wine added.
(2)

mean volume of wine added = ........................................................... cm3

(d) Another scientist repeats the titration with a different bottle of white wine that has been left open for a
week.
The equation for the reaction that occurs in this titration is

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O

The mean volume of wine added is 19.50 cm3.

(i) The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.0500 mol/dm3.

Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH in 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
(2)

amount of NaOH = ........................................................... mol

(ii) Deduce the amount, in moles, of CH3COOH in 19.50 cm3 of the wine.
(1)

amount of CH3COOH = ........................................................... mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of CH3COOH in the wine.

(2)

concentration of CH3COOH = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(Total for question = 15 marks)

(Q06 4CH1/2CR, June 2019)
Q8.

A student is asked to find the concentration of a solution of nitric acid by doing a titration.

The student is provided with sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.350 mol/dm3

These are the first four steps in the student's method.

• use a pipette to add exactly 25.0 cm3 of the nitric acid solution to a conical flask placed on a white tile

• add a few drops of indicator to the flask

• use a burette to add sodium hydroxide solution to the flask until the indicator has changed colour

• record the volume needed for the indicator to change colour

(a) Give the reason for using the white tile.

(1)
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(b) Universal indicator is not a suitable indicator to use in a titration.

Complete the table to show the name of a suitable indicator and its final colour in this titration.
(2)

(c) The student wants to obtain an accurate value for the volume of sodium hydroxide solution needed to
neutralise the 25.0 cm3 of nitric acid.
Describe all the further steps the student should take.
(5)
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(d) This is a summary of the student's results.
volume of HNO3 used = 25.0 cm3
concentration of NaOH solution = 0.350 mol/dm3
volume of NaOH solution needed for neutralisation = 18.80 cm3
The equation for the reaction is
HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH that reacts.
(1)

amount of NaOH = ........................................................... mol

(ii) Determine the amount, in moles, of HNO3 that reacts.

(1)

amount of HNO3 = ........................................................... mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the HNO3

(1)

concentration = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(Total for question = 11 marks)

(Q07 4CH1/2CR, Jan 2023)

Q9.

In this question the answer to each part is a number.

(a) Give the pH value of a neutral solution.

(1)
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(b) Give a pH value of a weakly acidic solution.

(1)
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(c) Give the number of the Group in the Periodic Table that contains the elements that do not readily
react.
(1)
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(d) Give the number of different elements present in glucose, C6H12O6

(1)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

(Q01 4CH1/2CR, Jan 2023)

Q10.
A student investigates the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid.
He uses this method.
Step 1 add 50 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to a conical flask
Step 2 add a 5 cm3 portion of sodium hydroxide solution to the conical flask
Step 3 test the pH of the mixture using both universal indicator paper and a pH meter
The student repeats step 2 and step 3 until a total of 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution has been
added.

(a) (i) State the piece of apparatus that should be used to measure 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.
(1)
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(ii) Name the type of reaction that occurs between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
(1)
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(b) Graph 1 shows how the pH of the mixture changes as the sodium hydroxide solution is added.

(i) Determine the pH after 40 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution has been added.
(1)
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 (ii) Suggest the colour of the universal indicator paper when these volumes of sodium hydroxide
solution have been added.
(2)
3
15 cm .............................................................................................................................................

30 cm3 .............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Give the formula of the ion that causes sodium hydroxide to be alkaline.
(1)
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(c) Another student investigates how the temperature changes when the sodium hydroxide solution is
added to the hydrochloric acid.
The hydrochloric acid and the sodium hydroxide solution are at the same temperature at the start of
the investigation.
The student records the temperature of the mixture after adding each 5 cm3 portion of sodium
hydroxide solution.
Graph 2 shows her results.

Explain the shape of graph 2.

(3)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

(Q07 4CH1/1CR, Jan 2020)

Q11.

A student uses this method to do a titration.

• use a measuring cylinder to obtain 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution

• transfer the solution to a conical flask
• add a few drops of universal indicator to the flask
• fill a burette with dilute sulfuric acid and record the initial burette reading
• add the acid to the flask, swirling the flask continuously
• add the acid slowly near the end-point
• record the final burette reading at the end-point

The student repeats the titration until at least two concordant results are obtained.

(a) State what is meant by concordant results.

(1)
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(b) Explain two improvements to the student's method so that more accurate results are obtained.
(4)
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(c) The student makes the improvements and repeats the titration.
The sulfuric acid has a concentration of 0.600 mol/dm3.
The sodium hydroxide solution has a concentration of 1.50 mol/dm3.
This is the equation for the reaction.
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Calculate the volume, in cm , of sulfuric acid that the student needs to completely react with 25.0 cm3
3

of the sodium hydroxide solution.

(3)

volume of sulfuric acid = ........................................................... cm3

(d) The student plans to obtain pure dry crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate.
They add the calculated volume of sulfuric acid to 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution to form
sodium sulfate solution.
Describe what the student should do to obtain pure dry crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate from the
solution.
(4)
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(Total for question = 12 marks)

(Q06 4CH1/2CR, June 2022)

Q12.
A student does a titration to find the concentration of a solution of phosphoric acid.
He uses these pieces of apparatus X, Y and Z in his titration.

Diagrams are not to scale.

(a) Give the names of X, Y and Z.

(3)
X ..........................................................................................................................................

Y ..........................................................................................................................................

Z ..........................................................................................................................................

(b) What is the colour of phenolphthalein in phosphoric acid?

(1)
A blue
B colourless
C pink
D red

(c) The student titrates 25.0 cm3 of phosphoric acid with a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Table 1 shows the student's results.

Concordant results are those within 0.20 cm3 of each other.

(i) Add ticks ( ) to table 1 to show the concordant results.
(1)
(ii) Use your ticked results to calculate the mean (average) volume of NaOH added.
(2)

mean volume = ........................................................... cm3

(d) Table 2 shows the titration results of another student.

The equation for the reaction is

3NaOH + H3PO4 → Na3PO4 + 3H2O

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH in 30.40 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
(2)

amount = ........................................................... mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H3PO4 in 25.0 cm3 of phosphoric acid.
(1)

amount = ........................................................... mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the phosphoric acid.

(2)

concentration = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(Total for question = 12 marks)

(Q07 4CH1/2C, June 2021)

Q13.

A student does a titration using dilute sulfuric acid to find the concentration of a solution of potassium
hydroxide.

The student adds 25.0 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide solution to a conical flask. He then adds a few
drops of methyl orange indicator.

The student does the titration four times.

(a) (i) Name the piece of apparatus the student should use to add the potassium hydroxide solution.
(1)
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(ii) What is the colour of methyl orange in an alkaline solution?
(1)
A blue
B orange
C red
D yellow

(b) The table shows the student's results.

Concordant results are those within 0.20 cm3 of each other.

(i) Place ticks ( ) in the table to show which results are concordant.
(1)
(ii) Use the concordant results to calculate the mean (average) volume of acid added.
(2)

mean volume = ........................................................... cm3

(c) This table shows the student's results for another titration.

The equation for the reaction is

2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of KOH in 25.0 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide solution.
(2)

amount of KOH = ........................................................... mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H2SO4 in 21.20 cm3 of sulfuric acid.
(1)

amount of H2SO4 = ........................................................... mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the sulfuric acid.

(2)

concentration of sulfuric acid = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(Total for question = 10 marks)

(Q06 4CH1/2CR, Jan 2021)

Q14.

A student wants to prepare sodium chloride crystals from sodium hydroxide solution and dilute
hydrochloric acid.

He does a titration to find the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid needed to neutralise the sodium
hydroxide solution.

This is his method.

• add 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask

• add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the conical flask
• titrate the solution with the hydrochloric acid

(a) Name a suitable piece of apparatus that the student should use to measure 25.0 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution.
(1)
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(b) (i) Give the colour of the phenolphthalein indicator in sodium hydroxide solution and in hydrochloric
acid.
(2)
colour in sodium hydroxide solution
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colour in hydrochloric acid

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(ii) Suggest why universal indicator is never used in a titration.

(1)
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(c) The student finds that 21.50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution.
(i) Describe what the student should do next to prepare a pure solution of sodium chloride.
(2)
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 (ii) Describe how the student could obtain dry crystals of sodium chloride from the pure sodium
chloride solution.
(4)
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(d) The student needs 21.50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution
of concentration 0.800 mol/dm3.
The equation for the reaction is
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the hydrochloric acid.

(3)

concentration = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(Total for question = 13 marks)

(Q06 4CH1/2CR, Nov 2020)

Q15.

A student does a titration to find the concentration of a solution of dilute sulfuric acid.

The student uses these solutions and this apparatus.

• dilute sulfuric acid

• potassium hydroxide solution of concentration 0.240 mol / dm3
• methyl orange indicator

(a) The student wants to find the volume of sulfuric acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of the potassium
hydroxide solution.
Describe how the student should do this titration.
Assume that all pieces of apparatus are clean and dry.
(6)
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(b) The student needs 15.00 cm3 of sulfuric acid to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide
solution.
This is the equation for the reaction.
2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of KOH in 25.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution of
concentration 0.240 mol / dm3.
(2)

amount of KOH = ........................................................... mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H2SO4 in 15.00 cm3 of the sulfuric acid.
(1)

amount of H2SO4 = ........................................................... mol

(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol / dm3, of the sulfuric acid.

(2)

concentration of sulfuric acid = ........................................................... mol / dm3

(Total for question = 11 marks)

(Q03 4CH1/2CR, Jan 2022)