Indice

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................2
Mining in Mozambique...........................................................................................................................3
Mining.................................................................................................................................................3
Mining activities..................................................................................................................................3
Importance of the mining activities in Mozambique............................................................................4
Challenge of mining activities.............................................................................................................5
Mining activities be improved in Mozambique...................................................................................6
Mining code modernized.........................................................................................................................7
Advantage of Mining...............................................................................................................................7
Disadvantage of mining...........................................................................................................................7
Project impact......................................................................................................................................7
Projects results.....................................................................................................................................8
Geological infrastructure developed....................................................................................................8
What does a mining Engineer do?.......................................................................................................9
Mineral industry of Mozambique........................................................................................................9
Some structure of the mineral industry in Mozambique......................................................................9
Coal...................................................................................................................................................10
Gold...................................................................................................................................................10
Petroleum..............................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography..........................................................................................................................................13

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Introduction

In this paper we discuss a topic that is of greater knowledge not only in our country over the
world in general.
Speaking of mining in Mozambique is not much to talk defers agriculture because this activity is
important and as subsistence agriculture.
These days we see a greater May people from abroad for our country to join or participate in the
mining process.
Mining is a process of extraction of minerals, whose order these extracted minerals and export
and a part for the use of their own country....

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Mining in Mozambique

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from
an ore body, lode, vein, seam, or reef, which forms the mineralized package of economic interest
to the miner.

Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal and oil shale, gemstones, limestone, and
dimension stone, rock salt and potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material
that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or
factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as
petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

Mining of stone and metal has been done since pre-historic times. Modern mining processes
involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction
of the desired materials, and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed.

The nature of mining processes creates a potential negative impact on the environment both
during the mining operations and for years after the mine is closed. This impact has led most of
the world's nations to adopt regulations designed to moderate the negative effects of mining

Mozambique is rich in minerals and has a favorable geological environment for the development
of mining activities. However, data available at the project start indicated that the impact of
mining all the economy represented only 0.25 percent of the gross domestic product, and 1.5
percent of exports. Furthermore, the ministry of mineral resources hand estimated that about 10
million worth of gold exported from Mozambique.

Mining activities

The different work that can be done can be broadly classified into several areas. In general, these
track the development of mine from discovery of a mineral resource through to design,
commissioning operation any beyond.

A major objective of developing the mining sector relates to the need to ensure their availability
through new generation project, transmission and distribution in older to meet the correct and
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future needs and to attract investment in industries using intensive minerals, particularly in the
field of manufacturing. Increased security and sustainability mineralogical the country and the
region by enhancing the capacity taking advantage of the huge potential available.

Associated with disabilities of our bodies, especially the area of mines, we find:
In the control situation that leave much to be desired by the health of workers;

The path the workers subject to work in poor condition due to lack of equipment;

The lack of contracts for works in many of them; hence the lack of insurance, as this is
incorporated in contracts;

Misuse of the workers, for example many hours and a salary that is not compatible with this
workload.

In personal opinion, I thing that to improve and develop the activity of mining in Mozambique,
the sector should:

Strengthen supervision, and personnel involved surveillance, the supervisors should be nationals,
and experienced in the field or be an internationally recognized institution for maturity in the
sector:

Payment of adequate compensation to the employee in relation to their working time;

Snack favorable at least during the hours of work;

Basic equipment in good working condition;

It should above all be a systematic pressure from the government to farmers in order to comply
with the requirements of mining in Mozambique, by punishing those who do not meet or violate
the rules.

Importance of the mining activities in Mozambique

It was proven that it exist the strong evidence that the mining activities can provide the well-
being partner economic of the society and beings. The mining activities have been an important

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activities economics in our country during the last 10 years, they have been contributing
significantly to the development economy and it elevated their owed patterns. The profits
generated by this activities work creation, wealth and of social programs.

It was also verified the infra instructors development and diversification of activities economics
around of the mining activities. But at the same time the mining activities continues to be
controversial, because he/she has high costs the conditions environmental, social, and financial.

The mining industries, today, have the potential of generating benefits in the local communities.
The mining activities have been making potentials in the local communities, these facts depend
on the size of the own mine, the development or other activities related with the mining
activities, his/her original size and that form is developed.

He/she creates job and wealth that subsequently stimulates another type of activities economics.

The measure that other types of activities economics grow, there will be also the sustained
increase of the offer of public goods and of social services.

In our country it has been having strong studies to create rules but severe to improve the
environmental acting, with the change of the underground mining with the application of the
mining his/her open one.

Challenge of mining activities

In an attempt to save forests and livelihoods, environmentalists have sought a judicial review of
the government’s 2008 decision to permit mining in protected areas.

The NGOs and individual challenging the government on its pro-industry mining policy are
focusing on the negative environmental, social and economic impacts. The July 2008 law
allowing open-pit mining in lands classified by the government as protection forest prioritizes
international mining investors over local community’s health, natural resources and livelihoods.

Haryadikartodihardjo from the Bogor institute of Agriculture another expect witness agreed that
forests and the various services t hey proved are irreplaceable once destroyed. He also argued

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that mining such areas did not, as argued by the government, bring financial and development
support for local government.

Hayride also pointed to the indirect impacts of mining in protected forest, which put yet more
pressure on Indonesians rapidly declining forests. These indirect impacts include for illegal
loggers, thanks to roads built for mining vehicles.

Recent reports indicate that some of these projects are taking an unacceptable toll on local
communities, the environment and local economies

Mining activities be improved in Mozambique

To improve mining activities in my country we need to change technology of exploitation the

We need more specialized people in this mining area, the government ha vote invest more in the
mining area.

Mozambique coal, mommas heavy sand, it is incentive to more companies to invest more an, see
that mining in Mozambique is very important.

To develop the mining activities in our country its necessary equipments, workers and the
mineral in a sufficient amount of a big scale or non-stop extraction an of course the quality of
mineral.

It’s necessary to create sustainable bases, human power, and a big financial application by the
government of our country or by the foreign countries that help directly or not in the mineral
exploitation existents in our country.

Knowing that mining industries its an activities that involves a huge financial coast.

Mozambique its one of the countries that invests in developed technologies in the mining
industry, with the heavy foal. Sands of Momma, natural gas of Pandewhich is a fuel, Moatize
coal witch bring a lot of foreign inverters and national invertors lately to invest in the mineral
area.

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Talking about the evolution of this mining industry also can say that the ISPT (institute superior
politcénico de Tete) which is a institution that working to graduate Engineersinthis mining area,
which those Engineer will be working in various parts of our country in the mining extraction.

We know that our country have offers the merchant and the foreign merchant of a lot of mineral
resources. So that people of our country have to adopt methods to improve the activities or the
mining activities

Particularly, Tete province is a main or important and improved in this area in the whole country.

Mining code modernized

New regulation placed the country’s mining legislation on par with international best practice.
This included approval of: a new mining law, environment regulations, trade regulations,
regulations for safety and health, and basic norms of environmental management of small-scale
mining.

Advantage of Mining

The advantage is that it supplies raw material metal, coal that is needed to build and maintain
modern industries and economies.

It brings improvement to the country and alsohelp the community around to get a job.

Disadvantage of mining

Include depletion of resources rather than reuse of existing materials or use of material reality
available on the surface.

Environmental poluiction.

Health infection (Deseses)

Desloquection of population

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Project impact

This project helped a formal mining sector, positively impacting start revenues from the mining
sector.

Over the project period, the Momma´s Sands limonite deposit development was commissioned
in 2008.

The project also provided direct support to the government in regard to the Moatize coal
concession and subsequent approval of a 2 million mini development plan-these developments
have a potential to generate significant revenues for the state

Projects results

This project was implemented from 2001 to 2009, institutional reform and capacity building of
public mining institutions.

This component helped improve Mozambique′s capacity to process new licenses using a new
mining cadastre. At the project start, there was an inefficient mining cadastre with major delays
in processing new tithes. Today, the cadastre operates efficiently since its establishment (central
bureau established in Maputo and linked to four regional bureaus in Manica, Nampula, Tete and
Zambezi.

This component also supported the development of the new mining code, and their regulations
are now fully enacted. At the project start, the mining law and regulations were outdated.

Today, the country has adopted legislation that is in line with international best practices, which
contributes to a modern and enabling environment for mineral development.

Geological infrastructure developed

Mozambique had extremely outdated geological information and maps. It was hard to clarify or
quantify mineral resources and, consequently, difficult to attract investment. Information
streamlined and shared .

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The project also refurbished the nationals Museum of geology, which is helping improve general
knowledge of the sector for all interested.

Improved sustainability of small-scale mining

Before, small-scale mining was ad hoc and potentially demanding to health and the environment.

The project also refurbished pilot small-scale mining sites-in clay and gold-to demonstrate
improved techniques.

What does a mining Engineer do?

As you will see below, there almost too many things that Mining Engineer do. The work done by
mining engineers has changed significantly over the last decade due to factors such as computing
technology, globalization, economic reforms, information technologies and environmental
considerations.

Mineral industry of Mozambique

The manufacturing sector accounted for 14% of the gross domestic product. The Mozal smelter
accounted for about one-half of manufacturing output but had a much more modest effect on
employment.

In 2012 the mining and quarrying sector accounted for 1.5% of the economy and energy
accounted for 5%. However these sectors were expected to expand by more than 10% per year
due to increased output of coal and gas. Gas reserves were estimated to be the fourth largest in
the world.

Some structure of the mineral industry in Mozambique

Most of Mozambique’s mining and mineral processing operations are privately owned, including
the cement plants, the Mozalaluminium smelter, and the Taman gas processing plant. Artisanal

Miners produce gold and aquamarine, tourmaline, and other gemstones .Carbomoc, which was
the country’s only coal producer, is state-owned.

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Coal

Some geological were discovered in the north western Tete Province described by one source as
one of the largest coal plays on the globe.

Vale of Brazil completed a feasibility study on the development of a mine in the Moatize basin
coalfield in Tete. Vale planned that coking coal would be consumed by steel plants in Brazil and
thermal coal would be consumed by a coal-fired power station to be built by Vale in
Mozambique with a capacity of 1,500 megawatts. Originally the Moatize Mine was forecast to
produce 9 million metric tons per year of coking coal and 3.5 Mt/yr of thermal coal by 2010, but,
by 2012, Moatize actually produced only 2.6 million tons of coal that year. In 2013 Vale
projected the mine would produce 22 million metric tons of coal ore per year in 2015 but this
would depend on development of adequate rail links to the coast and adequate coal handling
facilities at the ports.

The Australian company Riversdale Mining bought by the Rio Tinto Group in 2011 opened the
Benga coal project in Tete. Riversdale estimated in 2010 that the Benga coalfield had 502
million tons of coal reserves but in 2013 Rio Tinto downgraded these reserve estimates and
noted that "...the development of infrastructure to support the coal assets is more challenging
than Rio Tinto originally anticipated.

However, development of the Moatize basin coalfield depended crucially on the rehabilitation of
the railway from Beira to Tete, and the construction of a maritime export terminal at Beira.

Gold

Small amounts of gold are produced by artisanal miners. As of 2006, Pan African Resources plc
of the United Kingdom was considering the development of a mine at the Fair Bride deposit on
its Manica gold project. The mine would produce an average of 2,600 kg/yr during an expected
mine life of between 8 and 9 years.

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Petroleum

Mozambique produced neither crude petroleum nor refined petroleum products and relied on
imports.

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Conclusion

In the paper we address have to aim and general interest since mining is the basis for
Mozambique today.
We discuss the advantages and disadvantages, these minerals bring importance and impact that
these same bring to our country.
We illustrate examples of some companies engaged in the extraction of some of these minerals is
in the case of the company that extracts gold eu this is very important and highly sought, among
other oil companies.
To finish we have seen the importance and the challenges that mining brings and has for our
country.
And thank Ingles lecturer in the way of teaching students asymptomatic because it not only
prepares us for our future encore with firmness but also prepares us to develop our country.

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Bibliography

Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

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