UNIT-III CONTROL SYSTEMS 2019-20 SEM-II R16

Concepts of Stability and Algebraic Criteria:

The concept of Stability, Necessary Conditions for Stability, Routh-Hurwitz Srability Criterion,
Relative stability analysis.
The Root Locus Technique:
Introduction, The Root Locus concepts, Construction of Root Loci.

Text Book:
I.J.Nagarath and M.Gopal, “ Control System Engineering,” New Age International Publishers,
Fifth Edition.

Reference Books:
1. Katsuhiko Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering,” Pearson, Fifth Edition.
2. S. Salivahanan, R. Rengaraj, and G. R. Venkata Krishnan, “ Control Systems Engineering,”
Pearson, First Impression.
3. Benjamin C. Kuo, Frarid Golnaraghi, “ Automatic Control Systems,” Wiley Student Edition,
Eigth Edition.
4. PadmaRaju and Reddy , “ Instrumentation and Control Systems “, McGrawHill Education ,
2016.

R13 & R16 JNTUK Previous Questions

1. Compare the stability of open loop and closed loop systems? [Nov-15 Reg Set3 - 4M]

2. Define absolute stability and relative stability? [Nov-15 Reg Set2 - 4M]
(or)
Discuss about relative stability of a system? [R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set4 - 2M]
(or)
Define the following terms [R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set3 - 2M]
i) absolute stability ii) marginal stability

3. Define qualitative stability and conditional stability? [Nov-15 Reg Set4 - 4M]

4. What is Routh‟s stability criterion? [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set4 - 3M & May-17 Sup - 4M]

5. State any one special case in applying Routh-Hurwitz criterion? [R16 Apr-18 Reg Set3 - 2M]
(or)
Explain different conditions for stability using RH criteria? [Oct-18 Sup - 4M]

6. State the advantages and limitations of Routh‟s criterion? [May-19 Sup - 4M]
(or)
What are limitations of Routh‟s stability criterion? [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set3 - 3M & Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set1 - 4M]
(or)
What are drawbacks of R-H method? [R16 Apr-18 Reg Set4 - 2M & R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set2 - 2M]

7. (i) Find the stability of the system whose characteristic equation is given by
𝑃 𝑠 = 𝑠 6 + 2𝑠 5 + 8𝑠 4 + 12𝑠 3 + 20𝑠 2 + 16𝑠 + 16 [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set2 8M & May-19 Sup - 8M]
(ii) The characteristics equation for a certain feedback control system is given by
𝑠 4 + 4𝑠 3 + 7𝑠 2 + 16𝑠 + 12 = 0, Test its stability and find the roots on imaginary axis?
[Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set2 - 8M]

1 Mr. B. V. SATHISH KUMAR, Asst. Professor, ECE Dept.,VVIT,Guntur,A.P,INDIA-522 508

 UNIT-III CONTROL SYSTEMS 2019-20 SEM-II R16

(iii) Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the stability of the closed loop system that has
the following characteristic equation and also determine the number of roots that are in the
right half s-plane and on the imaginary axis 𝑠 4 + 𝑠 3 + 3𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5 = 0 [Nov-15 Reg Set1 - 7M]

(iv) Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the stability of the closed loop system that has
the following characteristic equation and also determine the number of roots that are in
the right half s-plane and on the imaginary axis 3𝑠 4 + 7𝑠 3 + 2𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 8 = 0
[Nov-15 Reg Set2 - 7M & Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set3 - 8M]

(v) Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the stability of the closed loop system that has
the following characteristic equation and also determine the number of roots that are in
the right half s-plane and on the imaginary axis 𝑠 3 + 2𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 8 = 0
[Nov-15 Reg Set3 - 7M & Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set4 - 8M]

(vi) Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the stability of the closed loop system that has
the following characteristic equation and also determine the number of roots that are in
the right half s-plane and on the imaginary axis: 𝑠 3 + 2𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 4 = 0 [R16 Nov-18 Sup -7M]

(vii) Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the stability of the closed loop system that has
the following characteristic equation and also determine the number of roots that are in
the right half s-plane and on the imaginary axis 𝑠 3 + 3𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 1 = 0 [Nov-15 Reg Set4 - 7M]

(viii) Using Routh criterion investigate the stability of a unity feedback control system whose
𝑒 −𝑠𝑇
open loop transfer function is given by 𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠(𝑠+2) [May-16 Sup - 8M]

8. (i) The characteristics equation for a certain feedback control system is given by
𝑠 4 + 22𝑠 3 + 10𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 𝐾 = 0, Find K which corresponds to the stable system?
[Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set1 - 8M]
(ii) The characteristics equation of feedback control system is
𝑠 3 + 3𝐾𝑠 2 + (𝐾 + 2)𝑠 + 4 = 0. Determine the range of K for which system is stable?
[May-18 Sup - 8M]

𝐾
(iii) For a unity feedback system with open loop transfer function 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = .
𝑠 𝑠+4 (𝑠+6)
Find the range of K for which the system will be stable using RH – Criterion?
[Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set1 - 10M]

𝐾
(iv) Choose the value of „K‟ for the open loop transfer function 𝐺 𝑠 = ,
𝑠+2 (𝑠 2 +4𝑠+5)
H(s) = 1 for the system to be stable by using R-H criteria? [R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set1 - 7M]

(v) A feedback system has the open loop transfer function of :

𝐺 𝑠 = (𝐾𝑒 −𝑠 ) (𝑠(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 4)). Find the limiting values of K for maintaining stability.
[R16 Nov-18 Sup -7M]

9. Determine the value of K such that the roots of the characteristics equation given below lie to
the left of line s= -1, 𝑠 3 + 10𝑠 2 + 18𝑠 + 𝐾 = 0. [May-17 Sup - 6M]

2 Mr. B. V. SATHISH KUMAR, Asst. Professor, ECE Dept.,VVIT,Guntur,A.P,INDIA-522 508

 UNIT-III CONTROL SYSTEMS 2019-20 SEM-II R16

10. What are rules in construction of root loci? [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set1 - 6M]

(or)
Explain the procedure to draw root locus of a given transfer function? [R16 Nov-18 Sup -7M]
(or)
What is breakaway and breakin point? How to determine them? [R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set1 - 2M]
(or)
What are asymptotes? How will you find the angle of asymptotes?
[May-16 Sup - 4M & Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set3 – 4M]

11. Explain the advantages of root locus technique? [Nov-15 Reg Set1 - 4M]

12. (i) Plot the root locus pattern of a system whose forward path transfer function is
𝐾(𝑠+1)
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 2 (𝑠+2). [May-18 Sup - 8M]

(ii) Draw the root locus plot for a system having open loop transfer functions is
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+1 (𝑠+5) [May-16 Sup - 8M]

(iii) Plot the root locus pattern of a system whose forward path transfer function is
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+2 (𝑠+3) [Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set1 - 8M]

(iv) Sketch the root locus diagram for a feedback system. The characteristic equation of
𝐾
which is given by, 𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+2 (𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2). Show clearly the steps involved.
[R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set3 - 14M]

(v) Sketch the root locus diagram for the following open loop transfer function:
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+4 (𝑠 2 +4𝑠+20) [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set4 - 16M]

(vi) Plot the root locus pattern of a system whose forward path transfer function is
𝐾(𝑠+1)
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+2 (𝑠 2 +2𝑠+5) [Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set2 - 8M]

(vii) Sketch the root locus plot of a unity feedback system whose open loop T.F is
𝐾(𝑠+9)
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠(𝑠 2 +4𝑠+11) . [R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set4 - 14M]

(viii) The open loop transfer function of a unity gain feedback is given by
𝐾(𝑠+2)
𝐺 𝑠 = (𝑠 4 +3𝑠 3 +4𝑠 2 +2𝑠) , 𝐾 >= 0
(a) Determine all the poles and
(b) Draw the root locus. [R16 Apr/May-19 Reg/Sup Set2 - 14M]

𝐾(𝑠+1)
13. What are the breakaway points of the characteristic equation 1 + =0?
𝑠 𝑠−1
[R16 Apr-18 Reg Set1 - 2M]

3 Mr. B. V. SATHISH KUMAR, Asst. Professor, ECE Dept.,VVIT,Guntur,A.P,INDIA-522 508

 UNIT-III CONTROL SYSTEMS 2019-20 SEM-II R16

14. (i) Find the angles of departure and arrival for all complex poles and zeros of the open loop
𝐾(𝑠 2 +3𝑠+5)
transfer function of 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = ,𝐾 > 0 [Nov-15 Reg Set1 - 9M]
𝑠(𝑠 2 +4)

(ii) Find the angles of departure and arrival for all complex poles and zeros of the open loop
𝐾(𝑠 2 +𝑠+2)
transfer function of 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = , 𝐾 > 0 [Nov-15 Reg Set2 - 9M & Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set3 - 8M]
𝑠(𝑠 2 +9)

15. (i) Find the angles of asymptotes and the intersect of the asymptotes of the root locus of
the following equation when K varies from -∞ to ∞ 𝑠 3 + 5𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 𝐾(𝑠 + 1) = 0
[Nov-15 Reg Set3 - 9M & Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set4 - 8M]

(ii) Find the angles of asymptotes and the intersect of the asymptotes of the root locus of the
following equation when K varies from -∞ to ∞
(1 + 𝐾)𝑠 3 + 2 + 3𝐾 𝑠 2 + 𝑠 3 − 𝐾 − 3𝐾 = 0 [Nov-15 Reg Set4 - 9M]

𝐾
16. (i) A unity feedback system has open loop transfer function 𝐺 𝑠 = . Sketch the
𝑠(𝑠 2 +4𝑠+13)
root locus as a function of K, find the range of K for which system is stable, find the K for
which purely imaginary roots if exists and their roots? [R16 Apr-18 Reg Set1 - 14M]

(ii) The characteristic equation of the system is given by 𝑠 3 + 2𝑠 2 + (𝐾 + 1)𝑠 + 3𝐾 = 0.

Sketch the root locus as a function of K, find the range of K for which system is stable,
and also find the K for which purely imaginary roots if exists and their roots?
[R16 Apr-18 Reg Set2 - 14M]

𝐾 𝑠+1 (𝑠+2)
(iii) A single loop feedback system has open loop transfer function 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻(𝑠) = .
(𝑠 2 −0.9𝑠−0.1)
Sketch the root locus as a function of K, find the range of K for which system is stable
and also find the K for which purely imaginary roots if exists and their roots?
[R16 Apr-18 Reg Set3 - 14M]

𝐾(𝑠+6)2
(iv) A feedback system has open loop transfer function 𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = 𝑠 . Sketch the
𝑠 2 +1 (𝑠+4)
root locus as a function of K, find the range of K for which system is stable and also find
the K for which purely imaginary roots if exists and their roots? [R16 Apr-18 Reg Set4 - 14M]

17. Sketch the root locus plot for the open loop transfer function given below
𝐾(𝑠 2 +4)
𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = . Calculate the value of K at
𝑠(𝑠+2)
(i) break away point and
(ii) s= -0.7 +j0.9. [May-17 Sup - 10M]

18. (i) Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+2 (𝑠+4) . Find the value of K for damping ratio of 0.5 [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set2 8M]

(ii) Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is
𝐾
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+1 (𝑠+3) . Find the value of K for damping ratio of 0.5 [Oct-16 Reg/Sup Set3 - 8M]

4 Mr. B. V. SATHISH KUMAR, Asst. Professor, ECE Dept.,VVIT,Guntur,A.P,INDIA-522 508

 UNIT-III CONTROL SYSTEMS 2019-20 SEM-II R16

(iii) Sketch the root locus diagram for a unity feedback system with its open loop function as
𝐾(𝑠+3)
𝐺 𝑠 = 𝑠 𝑠+5 (𝑠+9)(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2). Thus find the value of K at a point where the complex poles
provide a damping factor of 0.5. [Oct/Nov-18 Sup - 12M & May-19 Sup - 8M]

19. If a pole is added to the system, list out the effects take place in the root locus of the original
system? [R16 Apr-18 Reg Set2 - 2M]
(or)
What are effects of adding poles to G(s) H(s) on the root loci?
[Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set2 - 4M, May-18 Sup - 4M & R16 Nov-18 Sup -2M]
(or)
By adding a poles and zeros to the system, How the stability will be affected in root loci?
[Oct/Nov-18 Sup – 4M]

20. What are effects of adding zeros to G(s) H(s) on the root loci? [Oct-17 Reg/Sup Set4 - 4M]

5 Mr. B. V. SATHISH KUMAR, Asst. Professor, ECE Dept.,VVIT,Guntur,A.P,INDIA-522 508