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Backpropagation Algorithm

Backpropagation is a method for training neural networks by minimizing the difference between predicted and actual outputs through iterative adjustments of weights and biases. It employs optimization algorithms like gradient descent and follows a structured process involving initialization, forward propagation, error function calculation, and backward propagation. While it is fast and flexible, its performance is sensitive to the quality of input data.

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4 views

Backpropagation Algorithm

Backpropagation is a method for training neural networks by minimizing the difference between predicted and actual outputs through iterative adjustments of weights and biases. It employs optimization algorithms like gradient descent and follows a structured process involving initialization, forward propagation, error function calculation, and backward propagation. While it is fast and flexible, its performance is sensitive to the quality of input data.

Uploaded by

Shweta Rajput
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Backpropagation Algorithm

Backpropagation, also known as Backward


Propagation of Errors, is a method used to train
neural networks.
Its goal is to reduce the difference between the
model’s predicted output and the actual output by
adjusting the weights and biases in the network.
It is mainly used in deep learning for training artificial
neural networks, particularly feed-forward networks.
Backpropagation works iteratively, adjusting weights
and biases to minimize the cost function, often using
optimization algorithms like gradient descent or
stochastic gradient descent.
In each epoch, the model adapts its parameters,
reducing the loss by following the error gradient. The
algorithm computes the gradient using the chain rule
from calculus, allowing it to effectively move through
complex layers in the network to minimize the cost.

Key Points
● One of the most important developments in neural
networks.
● Provides a systematic procedure for updating
weights in a Backpropagation Network (BPN).
● Uses the gradient descent method for weight
updates.
● The error is propagated backward into the hidden
layers.

Structure of Backpropagation Network


A backpropagation network is a multi-layer feed-
forward neural network that uses a gradient-based
learning rule, known as the backpropagation rule, to
train the model.
It minimizes the total squared error of the output
computed by the neural network and follows
supervised learning.

Stages of Backpropagation
. Initialization
Initial weights are applied to all the neurons.
. Forward Propagation
Inputs from a training set are passed through the
neural network, and an output is computed.
. Error Function
An error function is defined, which captures the
difference between the correct output and the
model's output, based on the current weights.
. Backpropagation
The objective is to update the weights to minimize
the error function. This is done using the gradient of
the errorwith respect to each weight.

Training Algorithm Summary


YouTube Video

Advantages of Backpropagation
. Fast, simple, and easy to implement
. No parameters to tune apart from the number of
input features
. Flexible—doesn’t require prior knowledge of the
function
. Works well as a standard method
. Doesn’t require special mention of the function
features to be learned

Disadvantages of Backpropagation
● Performance depends on the quality of input data
● Sensitive to noisy data

Numerical Example:

●
Forward pass
Backward pass
Neta is learning rate
Calculate more weights and keep repeating steps..

Another type Numerical: Medium Article on


Backpropagation

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