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Electronics LR 3 Half-Wave Rectification

The lab report details an experiment on half-wave rectification using diodes, capacitors, and oscilloscopes to measure voltage values and calculate the ripple factor. The process involves constructing a rectification circuit, adding a smoothing capacitor, and documenting observations from oscilloscope readings. The report serves as a foundation for further studies in rectification techniques.

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arin.ali.35
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9 views6 pages

Electronics LR 3 Half-Wave Rectification

The lab report details an experiment on half-wave rectification using diodes, capacitors, and oscilloscopes to measure voltage values and calculate the ripple factor. The process involves constructing a rectification circuit, adding a smoothing capacitor, and documenting observations from oscilloscope readings. The report serves as a foundation for further studies in rectification techniques.

Uploaded by

arin.ali.35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering (SMME),

National University of Science and Technology (NUST),


Sector H-12, Islamabad

Electronics Engineering Lab

Program: BE-Aerospace Section: AE-01


Session: Spring 2025 Semester: 4th

Lab Report # 3: Half-Wave Rectifier

Group Members CMS ID


Arriyaan Ali 456787

Rana Asim Nadeem 481209

1
Introduction:
This lab was intended to certify half wave rectification and subsequently measure
the ripple factor. Using diodes, capacitors, transformers and oscilloscopes, a circuit
was constructed to be used to measure the desired voltage values. The waveform
generated on the oscilloscope was used to note down the required readings. Lastly
the readings were utilized to obtain the ripple factor. The experiment provided a
roadmap and starting point for further experiments containing rectification such as
full wave bridge rectification.

Theory:
The focus of this lab is on rectification. Rectification is the process of removing the
negative part of the Alternate Current (AC) producing half wave rectified DC or
partial direct current. Diodes being an essential part only allow current to flow in
one direction. For understanding we can split the waveform into positive half cycle
and negative half cycle. When the above voltage is supplied through a diode, the
conduction takes place during positive half cycle only. [1]

Figure 1: Waveform AC
Further, to smoothen the waveform or to make it continuous we add a capacitor
filter in the output therefore smoothing out the pulsating DC output produced by
the diode by storing energy during the positive half cycle of the AC input and
releasing it slowly during the negative half cycle, resulting in a more stable, near-

Figure 2: Rectified Voltage


constant DC voltage output. The voltage still drops minutely and is called the
2
ripple voltage. The ripple voltage is the primary component of calculating ripple
factors which is better if smaller.

Diagrammatic Representation:

Figure 3: Circuit Diagram without Capacitor

3
Figure 4: Circuit Diagram with Capacitor

Figure 5: Oscilloscope Readings without Capacitor Figure 6: Oscilloscope Readings with 1


microfarad Cap

4
Figure 7: Oscilloscope Readings with 100 microfarad Cap
Equipment:
1. Diode
2. Transformer (step-down, e.g., 230V to 12V)
3. Capacitor (100µF, 1µF)
4. Resistor (e.g., 1kΩ)
5. Breadboard
6. Connecting wires
7. Multi-meter
8. Oscilloscope

Procedure:

1. Setup the Transformer:

 Connect the primary side of the step-down transformer to the AC mains (ensure
safety measures).
 Connect the secondary side (e.g., 12V AC output) to the breadboard.

2. Construct the Rectification Circuit:

 Place the diode on the breadboard. Connect the anode to one of the secondary
terminals of the transformer. The cathode of the diode will provide the rectified
output.
 Connect the other secondary terminal of the transformer directly to the
breadboard.

3. Add the Load Resistor:

 Connect a 1kΩ resistor from the cathode of the diode to complete circuit.

4. Add the Smoothing Capacitor (if measuring ripple factor):

 Connect a 1µF and then 100µF capacitor in parallel with the load resistor. This
will smooth out the rectified voltage.

5. Measure the Output:

 Use a multi-meter to measure the DC voltage across the load resistor.


 Connect an oscilloscope probe across the load resistor to observe the waveform.
The oscilloscope should show a pulsating DC voltage for the half-wave
rectification.

6. Measure the Ripple Factor:

5
 Calculate the ripple factor using the formula:

V AC
Ripple Factor=
V DC

 VAC can be obtained from the peak-to-peak voltage of the ripple observed on the
oscilloscope.
 VDC is the average DC voltage measured by the multi-meter.

7. Document Observations:

 Note down the waveform observed on the oscilloscope.


 Record the measured DC voltage and the peak-to-peak ripple voltage.
 Use the recorded values to calculate the ripple factor.

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